Unit 4 Reading and Thinking 课件-2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

人教版（2019）选择性必修一Unit4BodyLanguageReadingandThinkingUnderstandbodylanguage

LearningobjectivesBytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:1.learnsomenewwords,suchasinteraction,appropriateandapprove;2.readaboutthefunctionofbodylanguageanditsimplicationsindifferentcultures;3.graspthefeatureofexpositorywriting,likeitsstructureandlanguage;4.learnareadingstrategyaboutmakinginferencesbylookingatthecluesinthepassage;5.thinkcriticallyaboutbodylanguagebyrelatingittoyourowncultureandpersonalexperiences;6.respectdifferentcultures.本句出自罗兰·巴特，言外之意是，在实际生活里，因为各种原因，言语表达并不完全真实可信。人们需要“察言观色”，通过逻辑推理并观察对方行为表现、肢体语言，甚至微表情来做综合判断。WhatIhidebylanguage,mybodyutters.—RolandBarthes我的身体会说出我用言语掩饰的话。——罗兰·巴特Let’slookanddiscuss.Lead-in

Wherearethey?

Whatmightthepeoplebedoinginthephotos?Whatdoyouthinktheymightbefeeling?Whydoyouthinkso?Agirliscovering

herfacewithherhand.

Awomansittingnexttoherislookingather.Maybeshereceivedbadnews.

Thegirlmightbefeelingdepressed.Thewomansittingnexttoherlooksworried.Twomenareclappinghandsandtwowomenarelaughing.Maybetheydidwellinaprojecttogether.Theseyoungpeoplelookhappyandcheerful.Twobusinessmenareshakinghandsandbowingtoeachother.Maybetheyaremakingabusinessdeal.Theyareshowingrespect.Theymightbeshowingrespecttoeachother.Amanishugginghisdaughterwhilehiswifeisstandingnexttohimandwatchingthem.Maybethemanisleavingforsomereason.Thedaughtermightbefeelingunwillingtoleaveherfather.Herfatherprobablyfeelsthesameway.Whenandhowdoyouusebodylanguagetoconveymeanings?Whenwordscan’tconveyfullywhatImean,ImayadoptsomebodylanguagetohelpshowhowIfeel.SampleAnswerChoosefivesentencesandactthemoutwithoutspeaking.Canyourpartnerguesswhatyouaretryingtocommunicate?Hello! Goodbye! Comehere! Goaway! Tooexpensive!I’msurprised! I’mtired. I’mconfused. OK! Goodluck!I’mhappy! I’mupset! I’msad! Iforgot! You’regreat!Howmanytypesofbodylanguagedoyoufindinyourperformance?facialexpressiongesturesmilemouthwide-openfrowncryshakehandsthumbupclaphands“OK”handLet’slookatthepicture.Whatdoyouthinktheyoungladymightwanttoconveywithherbodylanguage?OK?Zero?Money?...Pre-readingLet’slookatthetitleofthetext.Whatdoyouthinkwillbetalkedaboutinthetext?LISTENINGTOHOWBODIESTALKWeusebothwordsandbodylanguagetoexpressourthoughtsandopinionsinourinteractionswithotherpeople.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatpeoplearethinkingbywatchingtheirbodylanguage.Wordsareimportant,butthewaypeoplestand,holdtheirarms,andmovetheirhandscanalsogiveusinformationabouttheirfeelings.Skimthetextandfindthetopicsentencesoftheseparagraphs.While-readingJustlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.Thecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatisappropriatetothecultureyouarein.Forexample,makingeyecontact

—

lookingintosomeone’seyes

—

insomecountriesisawaytodisplayinterest.Inothercountries,bycontrast,eyecontactisnotalwaysapprovedof.Forexample,inmanyMiddleEasterncountries,menandwomenarenotsociallypermittedtomakeeyecontact.InJapan,itmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhentalkingtoanolderperson.Thegesturefor“OK”hasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.InJapan,someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.InFrance,apersonencounteringanidenticalgesturemayinterpretitasmeaningzero.However,youshouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazilandGermany,asitisnotconsideredpolite.Eventhegesturesweusefor“yes”and“no”

differaroundtheworld.Inmanycountries,shakingone’sheadmeans“no”,andnoddingmeans“yes”.Bycomparison,inBulgariaandsouthernAlbania,thegestureshavetheoppositemeaning.Therearealsodifferencesinhowwetoucheachother,howclosewestandtosomeonewearetalkingto,andhowweactwhenwemeetorpart.IncountrieslikeFranceandRussia,peoplemaykisstheirfriendsonthecheekwhentheymeet.Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands,bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.Somegesturesseemtohavethesamemeaningeverywhere.Placingyourhandstogetherandrestingthemonthesideofyourheadwhileclosingyoureyesmeans“sleep”.Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingyourhandincirclesoveryourstomachafterameal.Somebodylanguagehasmanydifferentuses.Perhapsthebestexampleissmiling.Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers.Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.Wecanuseasmiletoapologise,togreetsomeone,toaskforhelp,ortostartaconversation.Expertssuggestsmilingatyourselfinthemirrortomakeyourselffeelhappierandstronger.Andifwearefeelingdownorlonely,thereisnothingbetterthanseeingthesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.Let’ssummarizethemainideaoftheseparagraphs.ParagraphMainidea1Introductiontobodylanguage2-456BodylanguagewithdifferentmeaningsindifferentculturesBodylanguagewithdifferentusesBodylanguagewiththesamemeaningeverywhereReadthefirstparagraphandanswerthefollowingquestions.Ontheonehand,thissentenceintroducesthethemeofthisarticle:bodylanguageplaysanimportantroleincommunicationasmuchaswords;Ontheotherhand,thissentenceisatransitionalsentence.MakeinferencesSometimesapassagedoesnotsaysomethingdirectly.However,youcanfigureitoutbylookingatthecluesinthepassage.1.Canyouguessthemeaningoftheword“interaction”accordingtothetext?2.Whatisthefunctionofthelastsentence?communicationReadparagraphs2-5,fillinthetableonpage39.Bodylanguage/GestureMeaningCountry/RegionEyecontactbetweenmenandwomenNotpoliteMiddleEastLookingdownwhentalkingtosomeoneOKsignKissingonthecheekPlacingyourhandstogetherandrestingthemonthesideofyourheadwhileclosingyoureyesMovingyourhandincirclesoveryourstomachafteramealasignofrespectmoneyzeroNotpoliteAgreetingIamsleepy.Iamfull.JapanJapanFranceBrazilandGermanyFranceandRussianMostplacesLet’spayattentiontotheparagraphs2-4andidentifyhoweachparagraphisdeveloped.Finishthemindmap.topicsentencessupportingidea1supportingidea2contrastgeneralspecificLet’sreadparagraph6andthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.Whatdifferentusesofsmilingarementionedinthisparagraph?Findoutthevariedsentencestructuresusedtoshowusesofsmiling.Asmilecan... Wecanuseasmileto...Expertssuggestsmiling... ...thereisnothingbetterthanseeing...1.HowisthebodylanguagementionedinthetextinterpretedinChina?Bodylanguage/GestureInterpretationinChinaEyecontactOKgestureNoddingone’sheadShakingone’sheadshakinghandsPlacingyourhandstogetherandrestingthemonthesideofyourheadwhileclosingyoureyesMovingyourhandincirclesoveryourstomachafteramealinterest,friendlinessOK,agreementagreementdisagreementwhenmeetingsleepingIamfull.Post-reading2.CanyouthinkofanexampleofbodylanguagethatisappropriateinChinabutmightbemisunderstoodinanotherculture?Avoidingeyecontactandloweringone’sheadmaymeanrespectandbeingshyinChina,whereasinsomeothercountriesthisbodylanguagemaybeinterpretedasbeingrude.SampleAnswer3.Whatadviceonbodylanguagecanyougiveaforeignfriendonhis/herfirsttriptoChina?假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Robert准备来中国学习，因此想了解一些中国人的肢体语言。请你用英语给他写封邮件，向他介绍一些日常的肢体语言。注意：1.

词数100左右；

2.

可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.

开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。DearRobert,

Iamgladtoreceiveyour

email.________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHuaDearRobert,Iamgladtoreceiveyouremail.NowIwilltellyousomethingaboutbodylanguageinChina.First,inChina,wewaveourhandstosay“hello”or“goodbye”.Second,weusuallygreetourguestsbyshakinghandswiththem.Ofcourse,somepeoplesmileinsteadofshakinghands.Third,whenyouareintroducedtoaChinesegroup,theymaygreetyouwithclappingtheirhands.Inaddition,likepeopleinmanyothercountries,wenodourheadstosay“yes”andshakeourheadstosay“no”.Lastbutnotleast,peoplewillholdtheirthumbsuptopraiseapersonifhedoessomethinggreat.Sometimes,webowtoshowgreatrespectandthankstoothers.Ihopethisinformationwillbehelpfultoyou.Yours,LiHuaSampleAnswerWatchthevideoSmileTrial,andthendiscussthequestionsingroups.Smilescanbeusedtohidefeelingslikeanger,fear,orworry.Canyoudescribeasituationwhereyoumightsmilewhenyoudon’tmeanit?Apartfromfakesmiles,isthereanyotherkindofbodylanguagethatcansometimesbefake?Whichisamorereliableguideforunderstandingsomeone’sfeelings,theirbodylanguageorthewordstheyspeak?SometimesIsmilewhenIamimpatient,butIknowIshouldn’tbe.Forexample,ifIamridingatrainandababystartscrying,Imaytrytosmile,becauseeventhoughthebaby’scryingisannoying,Iknowthatitisnotthebaby’sfaultandthereisprobablynothingthatcanbedone.Thereare“crocodiletears”.Thisiswhenapersonfakesfeelingsadorsympatheticforanotherperson.(Thephrasecomesfromanoldstorythatcrocodilescrywhiletheyareeating,asthoughtheyfeelsadfortheirvictim.)Theirbodylanguageismuchmorereliablethanthewordstheysay,becausemostpeoplehavetroublehidingtheiranger,disappointment(失望),orirritation(恼怒).SampleAnswersExerciseReviewthepassageandfillintheblankswiththeexpressions.LISTENINGTOHOWBODIESTALKThegeneralintroductionBothwordsandbodylanguageareusedto1.

thoughtsandopinions.Wecanlearnalotaboutothers’thoughtsbywatching2.

.ThebodylanguageindifferentculturesBodylanguage3.

fromculturetoculture.Thecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatis4.

tothecultureyouarein.expresstheirbodylanguagevariesappropriateThegesturefor“OK”Ithasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.InJapanitmeans5.

.InFrance,itmeanszero.However,itisnotconsidered6.

inBrazilandGermany.Thegesturesfor“yes”and“no”Ingeneral,shakingone’sheadmeans“no”,andnoddingmeans“yes”.ButinBulgariaandsouthernAlbania,theyhavethe7.

.ThegestureswiththesamemeaningPlacingyourhandstogetherandrestingthemonthesideofyourheadwhileclosingyoureyesmeans“sleep”.Movingyourhand8.

overyourstomachafteramealmeans“Iamfull”.ThebodylanguagewithdifferentusesAsmilecanhelpus9.

difficultsituations,findfriendsinaworldofstrangers,and10._____________barriers.Wecanuseasmiletoapologise,togreetsomeone,toaskforhelp,ortostartaconversation.moneypoliteoppositemeaningincirclesgetthroughbreakdownWordsandExpressionsWeusebothwordsandbodylanguagetoexpressourthoughtsandopinionsinourinteractionswithotherpeople.(P38)

在与他人的交往中，我们用话语和肢体语言来表达自己的思想和观点。interaction

/ˌɪntərˈækʃən/

n.

交流；相互影响搭配interactionbetweenperformersandtheiraudience

演员和观众之间的互动thedegreeofinteractionbetweenteacherandstudent

师生之间交流的程度

例句Priceisdeterminedthroughtheinteractionofdemandandsupply.价格是通过供需消长而定的。Howwouldthisaffecttheirinteractionswithothers?这会如何影响他们与他人的互动？

Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.(P38)

不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言，这与口头语言相似。vary

/ˈveəri/

vi.

（根据情况）变化；改变搭配varyfromsthtosth

从……到……之间变化varyslightly

有少许不同

例句Testscoresvaryfromschooltoschool.测验成绩各校不同。Cookingtimesmayvaryslightly,dependingonyouroven.烹饪时间可能略有不同，因烤炉而异。Thecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatisappropriatetothecultureyouarein.(P38)

使用肢体语言时，最重要的是要符合你所处的文化。appropriate

/ə'prəʊpriət/

adj.

合适的；恰当的搭配itisappropriate(forsb)todosth

（对某人来说）做某事适宜

例句Nowthattheproblemhasbeenidentified,appropriateactioncanbetaken.现在既已找出问题的症结，即可采取适当行动。Itwouldnotbeappropriateformetodiscussthatnow.我现在来讨论那件事不合时宜。Inothercountries,bycontrast,eyecontactisnotalwaysapprovedof.(P38)

相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。approve

/ə'pruːv/

vi.

赞成；同意

vt.

批准；通过搭配approveofsb/sth

同意……

例句Doyouapproveofmyidea?你同意我的想法吗？Thecommitteeunanimouslyapprovedtheplan.委员会一致通过了计划。拓展disapprove

v.不赞同；反对

InJapan,itmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhentalkingtoanolderperson.(P38)

在日本，与年长者交谈时，目光下垂表示敬重。demonstrate

/'demənstreɪt/

vt.

表现；表达；说明；证明

例句Thestudydemonstratesthelinkbetweenpovertyandmalnutrition.这项研究证明了贫困与营养不良之间的联系。Thegovernmentnowhasanopportunitytodemonstrateitscommitmenttoreform.政府现在有机会证实其对改革的承诺了。拓展demonstration

n.游行，示威；示范，演示

InJapan,someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.(P38)

在日本，一个人看到另外一个人使用这一手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。witness

/'wɪtnəs/

vt.当场看到；目击；见证

n.

目击者；证人

例句Severalresidentsclaimtohavewitnessedtheattack.几位居民称目击了这个袭击事件。Recentyearshavewitnessedagrowingso