E时代大学英语-读写教程2 第六单元

Lead-inStudyFocusPart

1Part

2AbilityEnhancementGrammar&TranslationPart

3Part

4Lead-inStudyFocusPart1Part

2AbilityEnhancementGrammar&TranslationPart

3Part

4What’syourfavoritegameandhowdoyoufeelaboutit?Watchthevideoandthenfillintheblanks.1What’syourfavoritegameandhowdoyoufeelaboutit?Watchthevideoandthenfillintheblanks.1Evan:Plantsvs.ZombiesI’mlikeagardenerslash____________.Jayka:FlappyBirdIstillget____________andIstillwanttodeleteitbecauseIhateitsomuch.ButIstillloveit.fighterfrustratedKacey:PictionaryEvenwhenIdon’tguessthe____________right,sometimesit’sjustfuntolaughatwhatthepersondrewandwhatitlookslike.Robert:ChessIt’slikebasketball.It’slikefootball.It’sgotoffenceand____________.drawingdefenseWhathaveyoulearnedfromthegamesyouplay?Shareyourthoughtswithyourpartner.Thefollowingsentencesareforyourreference.21Lifeislikethegamethateveryoneisplaying.2Someskillsaremorevaluablethanothers.Goodonescanleadyoutosuccess.3Don’tunderestimate(低估)youropponent.4Alwaysbehumble(谦逊的).Lead-inStudyFocusPart

1Part

2AbilityEnhancementGrammar&TranslationPart

3Part

4TextAGamersAren’tDefinedbyTheirGamePre-ReadingQuestions:Isplayingvideogamesawasteoftime?2What’syourimpressionongamers?TextAGamersAren’tDefined1byTheirGame1

HowmanyofyouhaveheardofeSportsandhowmanyofyouthinkthatpeoplewhositbehindtheircomputersplayingvideogamesarewastingtheirtime?2Yourstereotypical2gamersareoneswithbagsundertheireyes,terriblepostureandadietnotevenaninfant3

surviveson.Foralongtime,that’showgamershavebeendescribedinthemedia.

★define/dɪˈfaɪn/vt.过去式：defined；过去分词：defined；现在分词：defining；第三人称单数：defines。①

解释（词语）的含义；给（词语）下定义～sth.assth.e.g.Howtodefinethisconcept?怎样定义这一概念？Allofthesewemaydefineasourneeds.所有这一切，我们都可将其确定为必需品。②阐明；明确；界定e.g.Weneedtodefinethetaskaheadveryclearly.我们需要明确今后的任务。

★hearof听说，得知（某人/某事）e.g.ThisisthefirstI’veheardofit!这可是我第一次听说这件事！

★infant/ˈɪnfənt/n.婴儿；幼儿e.g.Shewasseriouslyillasaninfant.她年幼时曾患重病。adj.①

供婴幼儿用的e.g.infantformula婴儿配方奶粉初期的；初创期的e.g.infantindustries新兴工业

★surviveon延续生命；靠……生存e.g.Wearetryingtosurviveonourown.我们试图独自生存下去。有多少人听说过电子竞技，又有多少人认为那些坐在电脑后面玩电子游戏的人是在浪费时间？在你们心目中，典型的游戏玩家是那些眼睛下面有眼袋、姿势怪异、吃的甚至没有婴儿多的人。很长一段时间以来，媒体都是这样描述玩家的。Notes句子中“thatpeoplewhositbehindtheircomputersplayingvideogamesarewastingtheirtime”是that引导的宾语从句，做think的宾语。其中，“whositbehindtheircomputersplayingvideogames”是who引导的定语从句，修饰前面的people。“playingvideogames”是现在分词做状语，表示伴随的状态。think后面的宾语从句的主干“peoplearewastingtheirtime”。TextAGamersAren’tDefinedbyTheirGame3

I’maprofessional4gamer.However,thatisnotacompleteall-inclusive5

definition.I’malsoastudentathleteandaworldtraveler.Gamingisahugepartofmyidentity,butunfortunatelyitisnotasacceptable6asmyotherhobbiessuchasmaths,tennisandbasketball.Mycompetitorsareequallywell-rounded.OneofthegamersIplayedagainstinthechampionship7isanationalhighschoolchesschampion8andatennisplayer.

★professional/prəˈfeʃənl/adj.职业的；专业的e.g.professionalqualifications/skills专业资格/技能

★inclusive/ɪnˈkluːsɪv/adj.①

包容广阔的；范围广泛的e.g.Wemustadoptmoreinclusivestrategiesandabroadervision.我们必须采取更广泛的策略和更远大的视野。②包含全部费用；包括所提到的费用在内～ofsth.e.g.Therentisinclusiveofwaterandheating.租金包括水费和暖气费。

★acceptable/əkˈseptəbl/adj.（社会上）认同的，认可的e.g.I’msorrytosaythatyourworkisnotcompletelyacceptable.很遗憾，你的工作还未能尽如人意。

★champion/ˈtʃæmpiən/n.冠军；第一名；优胜者e.g.theworldbasketballchampions世界篮球冠军我是一名职业游戏玩家，然而这也并不全面。我既是一名学生运动员又是一名环球旅行家，游戏是我生命中重要的组成部分，但不幸的是它并不像我的其他爱好，如数学、网球和篮球一样得到认同。我的竞争对手们也都是多才多艺的，我在锦标赛中遇到的一名选手是国家象棋赛高中组的冠军，同时也是一名网球选手。TextAGamersAren’tDefinedbyTheirGame4

Manypeopleseegamingisablemish9onyoungpeople’sidentities,butIwouldarguethatit’sanintegral10partofthedefinitionofmyself.Itgetsabadreputationfromalotofgenerations,mostlyjustduetoalackofinformation.Gamingissimplydefinedastheactofplayinggame.ItcouldrangefromclassicboardgameslikeMonopoly,classiccardgamessuchasbridgetoonlinegamesplayedoncomputer.

★integral/ˈɪntɪgrəl/adj.必需的；不可或缺的～tosth.e.g.Practicalexperienceisintegraltothecourse.这门课程也包括实践经验。

★dueto由于；因为；应归于e.g.Unfortunately,duetounforeseencircumstances,thisyear’sshowhasbeencancelled.遗憾的是，由于一些意外情况，今年的演出取消了。很多人把玩电子游戏视为年轻人形象的一个污点，但是我认为它是自我定义中不可或缺的一部分。电子游戏在好几代人心中都留下了坏的名声，多半是由于相关信息的缺乏。游戏并不仅仅指打游戏的行为，其实它覆盖从了经典棋盘游戏，如“大富翁”；经典的纸牌游戏，如“桥牌”，一直到在电脑上玩的在线游戏。句子中“gamingisablemishonyoungpeople’sidentities”做see的宾语，but表示转折，“thatit’sanintegralpartofthedefinitionofmyself”是宾语从句，做argue的宾语。NotesTextAGamersAren’tDefinedbyTheirGame5

However,whenpeoplerefertogamingnowadaysgenerally,they’retalkingaboutelectronicgaming.Ifyoutakeelectronicgamingonestepfurther,thenyouhaveeSports.ESportsarebasicallyacompetitionthat’sfacilitatedthroughanelectronicdevicesuchasanXboxoracomputer.ManypeoplewonderhoweSportscanbeconsideredsports.Afterall,thereisnoapparent11physicaleffort.However,eSportsusevideogamestotestthelimitsofstrategic12

intelligence13,hand-eyecoordination14,decision-makingabilityunderpressure15,andteamwork.Thematchesrequirequiteextremephysicalandmentaleffort.

★referto①

描述；涉及；与……相关e.g.Thisparagraphreferstotheeventsoflastyear.这一段说的是去年发生的事。②查阅；参考；征询e.g.Refertotheoriginal,please.请参看原文。

★apparent/əˈpærənt/adj.

①

easytoseeorunderstand显而易见；明白易懂；显然e.g.Theirdevotionwasapparent.他们的忠诚显而易见。②thatseemstoberealortruebutmaynotbe貌似的；表面上的；未必真实的e.g.Itwasapparentfromherfacethatshewasreallyupset.从面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。

★intelligence/ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/n.智力；才智；智慧e.g.She’sawomanofexceptionalintelligence.她是个有着非凡智慧的女子。

★pressure/ˈpreʃə(r)/n.心理压力；紧张e.g.Youneedtobeabletohandlepressureinthisjob.你要能应付这一工作的压力。而如今，当人们提到游戏时，他们谈论的是电子游戏。如果在此基础之上更进一步，那就是电子竞技。电子竞技是一种通过Xbox或计算机进行的竞赛。许多人想知道，电子竞技何以被称之体育项目。毕竟，它并没有明显的体力消耗。然而，电子竞技使用视频游戏来测试战略能力的极限、手眼协调能力、压力下的决策能力和团队合作能力。比赛需要极大的体力和脑力消耗。TextAGamersAren’tDefinedbyTheirGame6

ESportsaren’tjustawayofcompetingbutarisingindustry.In2010,thetotalprizepoolofallmajorsportseventscameinabout$5.5million.In2015,thatnumberhasincreasedtoover$45million.Asaresult,establishedsportscoverage16companiessuchasYahooandESPNarelookingtogettheirfootinthedooroneSportsandtheyarestartingtocarve17outsectionsoftheirwebsitesdevoted18toit.

★carve/kɑːv/

v.雕刻e.g.Thewoodhadbeencarvedintotheshapeofaflower.木头雕成了花朵状。★carveout开创；用辛勤的劳动创造出……e.g.Heishopingtocarveoutamuchgreaterroleforhimself.他希望能争取到更重要的角色。

★devote/dɪˈvəʊt/vt.把……奉献（给），把……专用（于）；奉献e.g.Facultymembersdevotemostoftheirtimetoteaching.全院教师大部分时间都在从事教学。电子竞技不仅仅是竞争的一个方式，更是一个新兴产业。2010年，所有重大电竞赛事的总奖金约为550万美元；而到2015年金额已高达4500万美元。一些著名的赛事报道公司如雅虎和ESPN（全球最大的体育电视网）都开始涉足电子竞技并着手在他们的网站上为电子竞技开辟新的专栏。NotesAsaresult的意思是“结果，因此”，established是动词的过去分词用作形容词，含有已经发生和被动的意思。suchas的意思是“像，例如，比如”。“gettheirfootinthedooron”是美式习惯用语，意思是“为进入某个行业或团体走出第一步”。“devotedtoit”是过去分词做定语，修饰限定“theirwebsites”。TextAGamersAren’tDefinedbyTheirGame7

Forme,gamingwassomethingIgrewupwith.MybrotherandIbonded19overgameswhenwewereyoungerandultimately20hewastheonewhointroducedmetocompetitivegamingandeSports.Imarveled21atthesheer22speedwithwhichpeoplecanmanipulate23theirhandswhileatthesametimemaintainingsuchanintenselevelofcriticalthinking.Imaginetryingtorunfasterthanatrainwhiledrivingaminivan24andtryingtosolveamathequation25atthesametime.

★bond/bɒnd/v.（使）相互联结；与……紧密联系；（使）建立亲密关系过去式：bonded；过去分词：bonded；现在分词：bonding；第三人称单数：bonds。e.g.Theshowbondsyoucloselywithyourfans.这场演出使你跟粉丝们的联系更加紧密了。n.纽带；联系；关系；契合～betweenAandBe.g.thespecialbondbetweenmotherandchild母子间的独特关系

★ultimately/ˈʌltɪmətli/adv.最终；最后；终归e.g.Ultimately,you’llhavetomakethedecisionyourself.最终你还是得自己拿主意。

★marvel/ˈmɑːvl/v.感到惊奇；大为赞叹～atsth.过去式：marvelled；过去分词：marvelled；现在分词：marvelling；第三人称单数：marvels。e.g.Everyonemarvelledathiscourage.大家对他的勇气都惊叹不已。n.

令人惊异的人（或事）；奇迹e.g.themarvelsofnature/technology大自然的/技术的奇迹

★sheer/ʃɪə(r)/

adj.（某物）之重/之大等（用于强调）e.g.Wewereimpressedbythesheersizeofthechurch.大教堂的宏大规模给我们留下了深刻的印象。

★manipulate/məˈnɪpjuleɪt/vt.控制，操纵，影响～sb.intosth./intodoingsth.e.g.Doyouknowhowtomanipulateacomputer?

你知道怎样操作计算机吗?

★equation/ɪˈkweɪʒn/n.方程；方程式；等式e.g.Thesolutioncanbeexpressedbyamathematicalequation.答案可用一个数学方程式来表示。对我而言，玩游戏伴我成长。小时候，哥哥带我一起玩游戏，还向我介绍了竞技游戏和电子竞技。我对人们在快速控制双手的同时，还能进行高水平的批判性思维感到惊讶。想象一下，一边开着小货车，试图超过火车，一边努力解数学方程式的情形。TextAGamersAren’tDefinedbyTheirGame8

Thesheerpressureofhaving45,000pairsofeyesonyouasyoucompeteforaspotintheworldchampionshipsissogreatthatnothingcanbecompared.ThepressureIfeltduringmygamingcareercompletelyexceedsthepressureIfeltatanyotherpointofcompetitioninmylife.Likewise26,theexcitementofwatchingyourselfsucceedundersuchahighlevelofstressandpressureisalsounlikeanythingI’veeverfelt.

★likewise/ˈlaɪkwaɪz/adv.

同样地；类似地e.g.Watchhimanddolikewise.留心看着他并且照样做。

45000双眼睛凝视下，在世界锦标赛中争夺一席之地时的压力是无可比拟的。我在游戏生涯中受到的压力比我此生中在任何情况下受到的压力都大。同样地，在如此巨大的压力下看着自己取胜的兴奋感也是从任何事情中都无法体会到的。Notes此句中的主语是“thesheerpressurechampionship”,as做连词，引导状语从句，意思是“当……的时候”。so...that的意思是“太……以至于”，so后面跟形容词，修饰前面的pressure。TextAGamersAren’tDefinedbyTheirGame9

Gamingformehasalwaysmeantmuchmorethanjustplaying.I’vealwaysdonewellinschoolbutitdidn’thaveeverythingIwanted.Asaresult,I’vebeenlikelytobranch27outandtryandfinddifferentwaystoeducatemyself.Thisconsistsofplayingchess,bridgeandpoker28withmyfamilyandfriendsandeventually29branchingintogaming.I’velearnedmorethanjusthowtoplayaspecificgame,butalsoabouthowtoevaluatecertainsituations,keepcoolunderpressureandevenhowtovaluecertainthingsoverothersinmylife.

★branch/brɑːntʃ/v.分开；分岔过去式：branched；过去分词：branched；现在分词：branching；第三人称单数：branches。e.g.Theaccidenthappenedwheretheroadbranches.事故发生在岔道处。★branchout

涉足（新工作）；拓展（新业务）e.g.I

decidedtobranchoutonmyown.我决定自己创业。

★consistof由……组成；由……组成；包括e.g.Thecommitteeconsistsoftenmembers.委员会由十人组成。

★eventually/ɪˈventʃuəli/adv.最后；终于e.g.Ourflighteventuallyleftfivehourslate.我们的班机最终晚了五个小时起飞。玩游戏对我来说不仅限于玩。一直以来，我在学校的成绩不错，但是在学校里并不能得到我想要的一切。我也在不断扩大自己的学习范围，尽力寻找不同的方式来提升自己，包括和家人朋友一起下棋、玩桥牌、打扑克，最后到玩游戏。我学到的不仅仅是如何玩一个特定的游戏，还包括如何评估特定的场景以及在压力下保持冷静。Notes“howtoplayaspecificgame”做learn的宾语。“evaluatecertainsituations”和“keepcoolunderpressure”是并列成分，做“howto”的宾语。TextAGamersAren’tDefinedbyTheirGame10

Therehavebeenrecentscientificstrides30showingthatthecorrectgamesmayhelpreduceoreveneliminate31Alzheimer’sdisease.Moreover,inreality,gamersaren’tpeoplewhoareunderachieving32becausethey’respendingtimegaming,butinfacttheyarepeoplewhoareseeingfromuniqueperspectives33andthinkingindifferentways.Gamingisheretostayasanindustryandapastime.Itdeserves34yourrespect.

★stride/straɪd/n.①进展；进步；发展e.g.We’remakinggreatstridesinthesearchforacure.在探索治疗办法方面，我们正不断取得重大进展。②大步；一步（的距离）e.g.Inabigstridehecameoutoftheroom.他一个箭步出了房间。v.

大步走；阔步行走过去式：strode；过去分词：stridden；现在分词：striding；第三人称单数：strides。e.g.Shecamestridingalongtomeetme.她大步走上前来迎接我。

★eliminate/ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/vt.排除；清除；消除～sth./sb.fromsth.e.g.Creditcardseliminatetheneedtocarryalotofcash.有了信用卡就用不着携带很多现金。

★perspective/pəˈspektɪv/n.态度；观点；思考方法～onsth.e.g.Trytoseetheissuefromadifferentperspective.试以不同的角度看待这件事。

★deserve/dɪˈzɜːv/v.值得；应得；应受过去式：deserved；过去分词：deserved；现在分词：deserving；第三人称单数：deserves。e.g.Youdeservearestafterallthathardwork.辛苦劳累那么久，你该休息一下了。最新科学研究表明，正确的游戏可能有助于减少甚至消除阿尔茨海默症。此外，在现实生活中，游戏玩家也更擅长从独特的视角、用不同的思维方式来看问题。游戏已经成为一个产业或是一个娱乐消遣活动。玩游戏值得受到尊敬。Thefollowingchartliststhestereotypesandtheauthor’sopinionsaboutgaming.Readthetextcarefullyandfillintheblanks.1ExerciseStereotypesAuthor’sopinionsGamersareunderachieving.ESportscannotbeconsideredsports.ESportsarejustawayofcompeting.Playinggameshavenobenefits.Theyarepeoplewhoareseeingfromuniqueperspectiveandthinkinginthedifferentways.ESportusevideogamestotestthelimitsofstrategicintelligence,hand-eyecoordination,decisionmakingabilityunderpressureandteamwork.Thematchesrequirequiteextremephysicalandmentaleffort.Itisarisingindustry.PlayingcorrectgamesmayhelpreduceoreveneliminateAlzheimer’sdisease.AnswerthefollowingquestionsbasedonTextA.21

.Howhavegamersbeenportrayedinthemedia?

2.

Whydidgaminggetabadreputationfromalotofgenerations?3

.Howdoestheauthorbranchintogaming?4.

Whathavetheauthorlearntfromgaming?5.

Whydoesgamingdeserverespect?Gamersareoneswithbagsundertheireyes,terriblepostureandadietnotevenaninfantsurviveson.

Itgetsabadreputationfromalotofgenerations,mostlyjustduetoalackofinformation.Theauthorhasalwaysdonewellinschoolbutitdidn’thaveeverythinghewanted.Asaresult,Hehasbeenlikelytobranchoutandtryandfinddifferentwaystoeducatehimself,includinggaming.Theauthorlearnedmorethanjusthowtoplayaspecificgame,butalsoabouthowtoevaluatecertainsituations,keepcoolunderpressureandevenhowtovaluecertainthingsoverothersinhislife.Becausegaminghasalotofadvantagesandithasbecomeanindustryandapastime.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.1Therentis______________ofwaterandheating.2Hedidn’tevenhavethe______________tocallforanambulance.3Itwas______________fromherfacethatshewasreallyupset.4Musicisan______________partoftheschoolcurriculum(全部课程).5Ihaveknownhersincewewereinthe______________.6Whateverthescientists______________conclude,alloftheirdatawillimmediatelybe

disputed.7Hewasaskedto______________hisconceptofcool.8Hedecidedto______________therestofhislifetoscientificinvestigation.intelligence apparentintegralinclusive

define infant inclusive integralapparent intelligence devote ultimatelyWordstoPracticeinfantsultimately definedevoteExpressionstoPracticeFillintheblankswithexpressionsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.

dueto

carveout

asaresult

byfar

consistof

branchout1Ialmostmissedmyflight______________alongqueueintheduty-freeshop.2Thosecompanies______________asizableshareoftheimportedpastamarket.3Themanagertoldhimthatthemeetingisurgent.______________,hehadtoleave.4Theoldsoldier__________________hisexperiencesduringtheLongMarch.5Thisbread______________flour,water,sugar,oilandyeast.6Afteracoupleofyearsworkingforotherpeople,she______________onherown.duetoasaresultreferredtocarvedoutconsistsofbranchedoutWordBuilding1FindthewordprofessionalintheTextA.Thesuffix-alcombineswithnounstoformadjectives.Formnewwordsbyaddingorremoving-al.1nation________________2tradition________________3accident________________4operational________________5sentimental_____________6occasion________________7industry________________8person________________nationaltraditionalaccidentaloperationsentimentoccasionalindustrialpersonal2Fillintheblankswiththenewly-formedwordsinexerciseI.Changetheformwherenecessary.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.1Thereisnoroomfor______________inbusiness.2Thegovernmentitselfhaslittleinformationontheextentof_______________pollution.3Helearnedthelessonthehardway—fromhisown___________experience.4HespentfiveyearsinParis,with______________visitstoItaly.5Itis________________inAmericatoeatturkeyonThanksgivingDay.6Idon’tthinkourmeetingwas_______________—hemusthaveknownIwouldbethere.7____________ofthedeviceisextremelysimple.8Baseballisthe______________pastimeinAmerica.sentimentindustrialoccasionalpersonaltraditionalOperationaccidentalnational3FindthewordpressureintheTextA.Thesuffix-urecombineswithverbstoformnouns.Formnewwordsbyaddingorremoving-ure.1closure________________2expose________________3please________________4fail________________exposureclosepleasurefailure4Fillintheblankswiththenewly-formedwordsinexerciseⅢ.Changetheformwherenecessary.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.1Continuous_______________tosoundabove80decibels(分贝)couldbeharmful.2WouldanyonemindifI______________thewindow?3Itgivesmegreat_________________tointroduceourgreatspeaker.4Thesuccessor_________________oftheplandependsonyou.closedpleasuresfailureexposureBankedCloze

AhatefulBforbid CrecognizedDfeedElineFcareerGdramaticallyHlaunchedIoptionsJelsewhereElectroniccompetitivesportsandmanagementislistedamong13newmajorsforvocationalcollegesinChina,andwillbe

from2017underthecategoryofsportsandeducation,accordingtotheMinistryofEducation.Oncea

enemyofmanyChineseparentswhoconsideredelectronicgamesamajordistractionfortheirkids,e-sportsarenowsomethingthattheirkidscanstudyatcollegeasamajor.Nodoubtsomewillworrykidsmightchoosethismajorjustsotheycan

theirgamingaddiction,whilesomemightquestionitsusefulnesstoafuture

.A HDFHowever,thetruthis,e-sportswereofficially

bytheStateGeneralAdministrationofSportsasasportingeventasearlyas2003.Itsaid,listinge-sportsasamajorinvocationalcollegesshouldbein

withtheincreasingneedforrelevanttalents,notrecruitingoraccommodatingvideogameaddicts.Vocationaleducationisdemand-oriented,meaningthatitisexpectedtorecruittalentswithcertainskillsthatareneeded.Thee-sportsindustryhasbeengrowing

inrecentyearswithbiggerrewardsandvariousstudentcompetitions.CEGTherootcauseofmanystudents’addictiontoelectronicgamesliesinthelackofproperguidance.ManyparentsseetheInternetasadisasterand

theirchildrenfromusingit.This,inturn,promptskidstoplayhide-and-seekandspendmoretimeplayingonlinegames

.Inreality,iftheyaregivenother

forpost-classentertainmentandparentalguidance,teenagerscanavoidbecomingvideogameaddicts.BJITranslation1TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,payingattentiontothewordsorphrasesinbold.Itgetsabadreputationfromalotofgenerations,mostlyjustduetoalackofinformation.________________________________________________________Hedevotedhislifetohiscareer.

____________________________________________________________3Hecanalwaysinventanewgametoamusethechildren._____________________________________________________________________________4Videogamesareoneofthemostcompetitivemarkets,yethe’sabletopullthisoff.___________________________________________________________________________5GamesareanidealwaytotestAIprograms,allowingresearcherstomeasureperformanceagainstsetgoals.

(AI:ArtificialIntelligence)___________________________________________________________________________由于缺少信息，很多代人对电子游戏的评价都不好。他把生命献给了他的职业。他总是能创造新的游戏供孩子们娱乐。电子游戏是竞争最激烈的市场之一，但是他有能力赢得这个市场。游戏是测试人工智能项目最理想的方式，它可以让研究人员根据设定的目标测试人工智能的表现。2TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsorphrasesinbrackets.1玩游戏是人类天性的一部分。（apartof）_____________________________________________________________________________2很多人认为打游戏是浪费时间。（awasteof）_____________________________________________________________________________3中国围棋的规则很简单，但是有数不尽的策略。（countlessvariations）_____________________________________________________________________________4学习玩电子游戏似乎对一些老年人有所帮助。（itappearsthat）_____________________________________________________________________________Playinggamesisapartofhumannature.Manypeoplethinkthatplayinggamesisawasteoftime.Itappearsthatlearningtoplayvideogamesishelpfulforoldpeople.TherulesofChineseWeiqiareverysimple,buttherearecountlessvariations.3TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.中国象棋是非常受中国人欢迎的智力游戏。它起源于中国古代的游戏六博（liubo），约有3500多年的历史。象棋的基本规则是：每个玩家都有16个棋，包括一个将军、两个士、两个象、两个车、两个马、两个炮和五个兵。玩家根据游戏规则移动棋子，最终目标是捕获敌方将军。（参考词汇：六博liubo；中国象棋Chinesechess；将军general；士mandarin；象elephant；车chariot；马horse；炮cannon；最终目标ultimateaim）ChinesechessisaverypopularintellectualgamewiththeChinesepeople.ItcanbedatedbacktotheancientgameLiuBo,andhasalonghistoryofmorethan3,500years.Thebasicrulesareasfollows:eachplayerhas16piecesofchess,includingonegeneral,twomandarins,twoelephants,twochariots,twohorses,twocannonsandfivesoldiers.Theplayermovesthepiecesaccordingtogameruleswiththeultimateaimofcapturingtheenemy’sgeneral.拓展视频TextBYourLifeisTetrisPre-ReadingQuestions:HaveyoueverplayedTetrisorchess?2Doyouthinklifeislikeagame?Whyorwhynot?TextBYourLifeisTetris1

Fromtheageofseven,Iplayedchessfrequentlyandcompetitively.Iplayedinschool,online,atnationalcompetitions.Chesstaughtmepatience,perseverance1,

criticalthinking—extremely2importantskillsfordealingwithlife’shardproblemsanddifficultsituations.

★extremely/ɪkˈstriːmli/adv.极其；极端；非常e.g.Shefounditextremelydifficulttogetajob.她发觉找工作极其困难。我从七岁经常玩象棋并且玩得很好，不仅在学校玩，也在线玩，还参加国家级的赛事。象棋让我变得有耐心，有毅力，培养了我的批判性思维——处理生活中难题和复杂情形的重要能力。TextBYourLifeisTetris2

Chessmademethinkcausally3atayoungage.Moveyourknighthere;you’lltrap4hisbishop5.Capturethatpawn6;you’llweakenhisrightside.Everycorrectmoveledmeclosertoacheckmate7;everyfalsestepbroughtmeclosertodefeat8.Chessalsointroducedtheideaofthe“other”.Blackversuswhite.Ourschoolversustheirs.Andeverygamewaszerosum—therewasonlyeveronepointtoscore,eithertobesharedortakeninitsentirety.Nowaytogrowthepie.

★trap/træp/v.使落入险境；使陷入困境过去式：trapped；过去分词：trapped；现在分词：trapping；第三人称单数：traps。e.g.Theyweretrappedintheburningbuilding.他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。

★defeat/dɪˈfiːt/v.①

击败；战胜过去式：defeated；过去分词：defeated；现在分词：defeating；第三人称单数：defeats。e.g.Detailsoftheaccidentarescarce.事故的详细情况了解不多。②

使困惑；难住e.g.Theinstructionmanualcompletelydefeatedme.这个操作指南把我完全弄糊涂了。

★takein吸收，接纳；领会e.g.Myhouseisfull;Ican’ttakeinanymoreguests.我的房子已客满，不能再容纳更多的客人了。象棋在我很小的时候就教会了我因果关系思考法，走一步马，我就能困住你的象；走卒，你就能削弱他的右侧。每走正确一步，我就离将死对方更近一步；而每走错一步，就更加接近败棋的窘境。象棋也为我引入了“他者”的概念，黑对白；我们学校对他们学校，每一次游戏都是一次零和博弈——如果只能得一分，这一分要么被双方共享，要么被一方全部独吞，但无法扩大利益。Notes句中的zerosum的意思是“零和博弈”，是指参与博弈的各方，在严格竞争下，一方的收益必然意味着另一方的损失，博弈双方的收益和损失相加永远为“零”。双方不存在合作的可能。either...or...的意思是“要么……要么……”，表示选择。TextBYourLifeisTetris3

Iplayedchessseriouslyuntiltheageoffifteen,aroundthetimeIgotmyfirstcellphone.Thecellphonewasasignificantmarkoffreedomforateenager,eventhoughitlackedrealutility9.Irememberitwell—asmallflipphonewithacolorscreen.Myphonecouldn’taccesstheInternetorsendaSnapchat,butIfounditcouldkillboredomwithitsoneincludedgame:Tetris.AndIbecameaddicted10.

★utility/juːˈtɪləti/

n.

实用；效用；有用e.g.Afurcoathasmoreutilityinwinterthaninautumn.毛皮外衣在冬天比在秋天更有用。十五岁之前，我一直很认真地玩象棋，直到我有了第一部手机。手机对于青少年来说是自由的重要标志，即使它并没有什么真正的用途。我记得非常清楚 ，那是一部彩色屏幕的小型翻盖手机。我的手机不能上网或使用Snapchat，但我发现可以玩系统自带的俄罗斯方块打发时间。后来，我迷上了这款游戏。Noteseventhough的意思是“即使，纵然”，相当于：despitethefactorbeliefthat或者nomatterwhether,是连词。TextBYourLifeisTetris4

Tetris,tosome,isfrustrationinhumanform.It’srepetitive11!It’simpossibletowin!It’sdrivenbyluck!Buttome,itbecamethetruestrepresentation12oflifethereis.Idon’tplaychesscompetitivelyanymore.Buttothisday,Tetrisistheonlygameonmyphone.Itsitsonthefrontpageofmyapps,aconstantreminderthatlifeisTetris,notchess.

★repetitive/rɪˈpetətɪv/n.表现；描述；描绘；表现形式e.g.Thepaintingisarepresentationofastormatsea.这幅画描绘的是海上的暴风雨。对一些人而言，俄罗斯方块就像人生的一种挫折。它是重复乏味的，你永远不可能赢，全要靠运气玩。而对我来说，它是生活最真实的体现。我再也不玩象棋了。时至今日，俄罗斯方块依然是我手机上唯一的一款游戏。我把它放在应用程序的第一页，不断提醒自己，生活是俄罗斯方块，而不是象棋。TextBYourLifeisTetris5

Igrewuplookingforopponents13—peopletofight,peopletoblame,peopletoprovewrong.Itreatedeverythinglikeitwaszero-sumwhentherewassomuchelsetogain.Anditholdsyouback.6InTetris,you’reonlyplayingagainsttimeandthenever-endingflowofpiecesfromtoptobottom.Youarechallengingyourselftocorrectlymanipulatearandom14streamofinputs15intoanorderly16

configuration17.There’snofinal