初中英语从句讲解

知识要点:名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词有：A.连词：that,whether,f（这三个词都不作从句的成份，同时，that无含义，而whether和f都表“是不是”）B.疑问代词：who,whom,whose,what,whichC.疑问副词：when,where,why,how（一）主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句。l.that引导主语从句that引导主语从句时不同于其他的连词，既无词义也不作成份，只起单纯的连接作用，且通常不能够省。为了强调that引导的主语从句而置之于句首时，that不可省。®Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscarwas.©Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.©Thathewillcomeiscertain.©Thathewouldtaketheriskistrue.©Thatheshouldhavemarriedherisn'tsurprising.★通常，that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语，把从句置于句尾，现在that有时可省。例如：①Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.②Itmadeusveryhappythatshewaschosen.③Itiscertainthathewillcome.④Itistruethathewouldtaketherisk.⑤Itisn'tsurprising(that)heshouldhavemarriedher.★若是以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句，就只能用先行词it结构。例如：①Isitcertainthathewillcome?②Isittruethathewouldtaketherisk?▲it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构：(1)It+be+形容词+that-从句①Itislikelythathewillcome.②Itisstrangethatshehasevertrustedhim.③Itisimportantthathe(should)attendthemeeting.④Itisbestthathe(should)go.此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等情感色彩时，that从句中的谓语动词也经常使用(should)+v原形。Itisstrangethatnooneshouldhavetotheplan.(2)It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.It'sapitythatheshouldhavecatchedthetrain.It+be+-ed分词+that从句Itissaidthatheisafamouswriter.Itisreportedthattherewillbeastormthisafternoon.▲在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that从句中的谓语动词经常使用(should)do。(参见虚拟语气部份)Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beheldthisafternoon.Itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.It+seem/happen/appear等不及物动词+that从句。(look不接that从句，它接tobe结构或形容词)Itseemsthatheiswrong.Itappearsthattheyareinurgentneedofhelp.Helooks(tobe)surprised/happy/sad.2.whether引导主语从句，意为“是不是”，只起连接作用，不充当任何成份。(置于句首时必需用whether引导，置于句尾时，间或可用if。)Whetherhewillwinthegameisnotclear.Whetherhewillcomeis.Whethershecomesornotdoesn'tconcernme.Itisnotclearwhether/ifhewillcome.Itwasuncertainwhetherhewouldcome.3.连词代词what,who,which,whose等引导的主语从句。这些连接代词作用相当于代词，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。Whatweneedismoretime.Whowasfortheaccidentisnotyetclear.Whosebookitisnotimportant.Whichschoolyouwanttogomattersmuch..连接副词when,where,why,how引导的主语从句。这些连接副词相当于副词，在从句中充当状语。Whyhedidthisisnotknown.Whenhewillcomeisstillunknown.Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis.Howhesucceededisunknowntous.Whereweshouldholdthemeetingneedstobediscussed.注意：wh-引导的主语从句也经常使用it作形式主语。.也可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等词引导主语从句，表示“不管什么”、“不管谁”、“不管何时”、“不管在（到）哪里”等。Whoevertoldyoutogiveupsmokingwasquiteright.Whateverhegaveyoushouldbehandedin.WhoevertoldyouthatwasWhoevercomesiswelcome专项训练：.makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for.Whenandwhyhecamehereyet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknown4.isnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.Th<efactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.BeingafewminuteslateTomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom.A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpectedC.Th.at^wh^atyouhadexpectedD.What^whatyouhadexpected6.wegoswimmingeverydayusalotofgood.A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...doestBobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthatt'suncertaintheexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how9.theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangryA.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which10.wecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.Th.at,thatD.Th.at,what（后设答案，大伙儿不要偷看（。。。）哦，（*八__八*）嘻嘻……）KEYS1.C2.B3.A4.C5.D6.D7.D8.C9.A10.A（二）表语从句：在复合句中充当表语。that在引导表语从句时无含义，不作成份，通常不省。1）表示事实、真理等的实际内容。Thefactisthatheislying.Thearethathewillnotdoit.2）表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。Ouristhatthingswillimprove.Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.whether引导表语从句（不可用if）。HisfirstquestionwaswhetherHolmeshadarrivedyet.Thequestioniswhetherpeoplewillbuyit.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which引导的表语从句。ThisiswhatIwant.Thequestioniswhocanbechosentobeofthecompany.Myquestioniswhichofthemisbetter.连接副词when,where,why,how引导的表语从句。Theproblemseemedhowwecouldmakehimunderstandit.Thequestioniswhereweshouldgo.asifasthough引导的表语从句（经常使用虚拟语气）。Helooksasifhewereangry.Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain.专项训练:Thequestioniswewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whetherThereasonwhyhefailedishewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseofGoandgetyourcoat.It'syouleftit.A.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethereTheproblemistotaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecangetWhatIwanttoknowishelikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填ThereasonisImissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.whatThatiswewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.whatShelookedsheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough-Ifellsick!--Ithinkitisyouaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.becauseThereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother'sbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill.--Hewasbornhere.--Th^atishelikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how.ThatisLuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why（后设答案，大伙儿不要偷看（。。。）哦，（*八__八*）嘻嘻……）KEYS1.D2.B3.A4.C5.C6.A7.C8.D9.D10.C11.C12.B（三）宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语that引导宾语从句时无含义，不充当做份，常省略。that不引导介词的宾语从句，至于exceptthat,inthat,savethat,butthat等是复合从属连词。Iknow(that)youhavemethim.Let'ssupposethatonedaythishappenstoyou.在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语(指人)。例如：Itoldhim(that)hewaswrong.在少数动词如：think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,,fancy,,besupposed,seem,appear,feelasif,lookasif,looklike等后面的从句中的否定词常常转移到主句谓语动词上，这叫否定前置/否定转移。(hope“希望”，guess“以为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。Ihopenot.“我希望不是那样的”，是Ihopeso.的否定式。Idon'thopeso.是对hope的否定：“我不希望如此”。)如：Idon'tthinkitwillbeverycoldtoday.Idon'tthinkyouareright.Idon'tbelievehehasfinishedhiswork.注意：①非必需否定转移。假设需要强调从句的否按时就不作转移。②不可把所有可否定转移动词的否定句都明白得为否定宾语从句，要依照句意或语境而定。Idon'tthinkdiplomacyisafieldforprivate.Wedidn'tthinkwe'dbethislate.③当think用在疑问句中，或主句中的谓语动词与状语连用，或主句中的谓语动词被do强调时，不可否定转移。Whydoyouthinkwecan'tchangeyournote?IdobelieveTomnevertellsalie.Theystilldidn'tbelievethatthefoodwouldcome.Ican'tbelievethattheyaremarried.④否定转移多用在主句动词为一样此刻时的情形。主句动词为一样过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、此刻完成时、此刻完成进行时，或主句动词与情态动词连用，就不可否定转移。现在假设主句动词为否定，应考虑是不是是对主句动词的否定。Ihadthoughtthathewouldnotcome.我已经想到了他不能来了。⑤当宾语从句中有no,never,hardly,notatall,notabit,not...enough,can'thelpdoing等时不可否定转移。IthinkIcan'thelplaughingifIseeit.Ibelievehenevertellsalie.▲许多带宾语补足语的句子要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于句尾。Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.Wethoughtitapitythatsheshouldhavemissedthechance.whether,if引导宾语从句：表示“是不是”可互换，口语中经常使用if。Heaskedifshewouldcome.注意以下情形下whether不可用if换:1）引导主语从句置于句首时。2)whether后没有单词距离而直接跟ornot时。Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcome.whether从句作介词宾语时。Theyaretalkingaboutwhetherhewillwinthegame.Everythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus.4)whether后接不定式时。Idon'tknowwhethertoattendthemeeting.5)动词discuss,decide的宾语从句时。.连接代词what,who,whose等引导的宾语从句。Tellmewhatyouwant.Doyouknowwhowillcomeatthemeeting?注意:who,whom依照传统语法，从句中who所取代的名词若是是宾语应用宾格whom，但在口语中经常使用who,如：Doyouknowwhom(who)hewillinvite?①whose,which,what三个词都带有形容词性质。whose表示所有，意为“谁的”；which意为“哪个”，what意为“什么”。如：Whosebookitisnotimportant.Pleasetellmewhichschoolyouwanttogo.Hedidn'tknowwhattimeitwas.②一样说来，which指的是在一个具体的、较明确的、有限的、较小范围；而what那么指较广的或不明确的范围。如：whichfood，说话人一样指眼前的或明确范围的几种food；whatfood那么指许多food，而且说话人心中没有数。Idon'tknowwhich/whatfoodyouwant.若是范围较大或没有什么范围，最好用whatfood。.连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。Idon'tknowwhenthemeetingwillbeheld.PleasetellmewhereIcanfindTom..Heexplainedtomewhyhewasabsentfromthemeeting.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?.可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等弓|导宾语从句。Pleasewritedownwhateverheissaying.Idon'tknowwhoeverwillcome.I'lldowhateveryouaskmeto..表示爱憎情感的动词，如：enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,don'tmind,,（感激）等和某些介词结尾的短语动词如：counton,dependon,relyon,seeto,lookforwardto,befondof,feellike,seeto等后，即便没有宾补也要先接形式宾语it再接宾语从句。Ilikeitwhenshesmilesatme.Iloveitwhenyousing.IhateitifIamspokentoloudlyinpublic.★除but,besides,except,in,save,beyond六个介词后跟that引导的宾语从句外，其他介词都不能。inthat是“因为”的意思，其余五个与that搭配都是“除……”。专项训练：——、Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater?A.MumisneededB.doesMumneedC.MumneedsD.didMumneed二、Canyoutellme?A.whereheisB.whereisheC.heiswhereD.whatishe3、Ididn'tknowhowtoLondon?A.wouldtheygoB.aretheygoingC.theywouldgoD.theyaregoing4、Iwanttoknowhowlong.A.hashebeenbackB.hashecomebackC.hehasbeenbackD.hehascomeback五、Doyouknow?A.whatthenewsareB.whatisthenewsC.whatthenewsisD.whatarethenews六、Hesaidhewouldhelpmewithmymathsifhefree.A.wasB.willbeC.wouldbeDis7、HewillwritetoyouassoonashetoShanghai.A.getsB.isgettingC.willgetD.shallget八、FathermusicwhenheyoungA.liked…wasB.liked...isC.likes…wasD.likes...is九、IlikedsportsIwasyoung.A.somuchasB.somuchthatC.verymuchwhenD.verymuchbecause10>mothergothome,Iwastidyingmyroom.A.AfterB.WhenC.AssoonasD.Before（后设答案，大伙儿不要偷看（。。。）哦，,。米）嘻嘻……）KEYS一、C二、A3、C4、C五、C六、A7A八、A九、C10.B知识要点:一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一样放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that,which,who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成份。三、定语从句的分类依照定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法l.that既能够用于指人，也能够用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜爱轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外衣是蓝色的。（that作宾语）.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站周围的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.咱们昨天晚上看的那部电影专门好看。（作宾语）.who,whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.常常在英语方面帮忙我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的教师是谁？（作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who,that,which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是咱们去年居住的屋子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告知我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原先的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这确实是你要找的那个人。（3）that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市超级远。（4）关系词只能用that的情形：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时，只能用that,而不用which。例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时，只能用that,而不用which。例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这确实是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为幸免重复，只能用that.例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that的情形：a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that。例如：What'sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一样用which，而不用that。例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。例如：Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使咱们很快乐。五、关系副词的用法（1）when指时刻，其先行词表示时刻，在句中作时刻状语。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他抵达的时刻。（2）where指地址，其先行词表示地址，在句中作地址状语。例如：Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地址。（3）why指缘故，其先行词是缘故，起缘故状语作用。例如：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人明白他什么缘故上学总迟到。六、which和as在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which和as是容易混淆的。在很多情形下二者兼可互换，但在以下情形中不可互换：（1）通常as能够放在整句的句首，而which只能在逗号以后，as本身含有“正如”，as在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语。Asappearfromherpaper,shehasreadwidelyinRomantic.Sheis,asIhavetoldyou.（2）which在做非限制性定语从句关联词时能够无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如:Shehaswarriedagain,whichsurprisesus.七、allthat和what在定语从句中，许多人往往分不清allthat和what,what事实上只引导名词性从句，它相当于allthat两个字，例如：AllthatIknowisthathehasmadeuphismindtoheavethecountryforanewplace.=WhatIknowisthathehas...【专项训练】Footballisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.A.thatB.whichC.itD.whoIsthereanythingelseyourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatTh<elastplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itHetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooksinterestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.whoC.itD.thatTherealway,throughthetraingoes,willbecompletedsoon.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whomHisuncleworksinafactorybicyclesaremade.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.thereThereisnodictionaryyoucanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthatNextmonth,you'llspendinyourhometowniscomingA.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereNextmonth,you'llbeinyourhometowniscoming.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereIoftenthoughtofmychildhood,Ilivedonafarm.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.who（后设答案，大伙儿不要偷看哦~（*八__八*）嘻嘻……）KEYS1B2B3B4D5A6C7C8A9C10C知识要点：英语的大体语序是“主语+谓语”。若是将谓语的全数或一部份放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。一、倒装的类型.完全倒装：整个谓语移至主语之前。Outrushedthestudentstowelcometheforeignfriends..部份倒装：只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。Seldomdoeshegotoschoollate.二、倒装结构的大体用法一、由于语法结构的需要而利用的倒装1）疑问句中，用完全或部份倒装，但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序WheredidhegolastMonday?Areyoulisteningtotheradio?）“therebe”结构中，Therearethreewellsinourvillage.Therestandsabigpapermakingfactorybytheriver.3）在以here,there,now,then,in,away,updown等副词开头的句子中，利用完全倒装结构。但如果是主语是代词那么用正常语序。Theregoesthebell.NowcomesyourturntoplayDownshewent.4）在以neithernor或nomore开头的句子中，表示“也不如此"，neither和nor意思相同，能够替换利用；nomore表示动作的程度并非比前面提到的稍强，意为“也不……”。Ican,tswim,nor（neither）canshe.Hehasntbeentothe,neitherdoeshewanttogothere.Hedidnotturnup.Nomoredidhiswife.5）用在as（尽管）引导的妥协状语从句中，从属连句as用于特殊语序，含义与though,although相同，但“as”这种结构可表示超级强烈的对照，必需用倒装（表语提早）。Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.Youngasheis,heknowsalot.二、为了增强语气而利用的倒装。（使句子加倍流畅，加倍生动）1）含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，经常使用否定词有：never,not,hardly,,seldom,little,notuntil,notonly...butalso,nosooner...than,hardly（scarcely）^when等。一样主句用部份倒装结构。Neverbeforehaveweseensuchasight.LittledidIthinkthathecouldbebackalive.NotuntilNewYear,sDayshallIgiveyouagift.Notonlywaseverythingthathehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGerman.2）副词only放在句首时,only起强调作用，其句型为气八®+状语+部份倒装”。如置于句首的only修饰主语，那么不用倒装结构。Onlythendidherealizehismistakes.Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnmathswell.OnlyMothercanunderstandme.3）虚拟语气条件从句中，把从句中if省略将were，had或should放在主语的前面。Weretheyhere,theywouldhelpus.HadIbeenearlier.Icouldhavedonesomething.Shouldyoufail,takemorepainandtryagain.4）直接引语的全数或一部份放在句首时，主句主语和谓语顺序倒置，用完全倒装。但如果是主句主语为代词时或谓语部份比主语长，一样不用倒装。“Heisacleverboy.”saidtheteacher.“Go,Dick,go!”criedTom,“Gohomeandgethelp.”“Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?”heasked.“I’mleavingforHongkongnextmonth.”Marytoldmeyesterday.5）表示祝愿的句子中，谓语动词或谓语的一部份放在主语的前面。Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePartyofChina6）副词SO在句首，表示前面所说的情形也适合于另一个人或另一事物的确信句中。Heisinterestedinpop-songs,andsoamI.Theywilllearnnextterm.,sowillI.Icandriveacar,socanmyyoungerbrother.若是后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思，不表示也适用于另一人或事，那么不用倒装结构。-TomwonthefirstprizefortheEnglishcompetition.—Sohedid.-Itwascoldyesterday.-Soitwas.7）在频度状语often,always,manyatime等开头的句子中。Oftendidwewarnthemnottodoso.ManyatimehasshehelpedmewithmyEnglish.8）在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首。Thusendedhislife.Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.9）介词短语作状语，放在句首。Inthemiddleoftheroomstoodalittlegirl.Inthedistancewasahorse.10）在强调表语的句子中，表语提早，不仅为了强调，而且为了使句子结构达到平稳和谐，或使上下文紧密衔接。SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanofgreatachievements.Suchislife.Nearbyweretwoinwhichtheyhadcometotheisland.【专项训练】一、thatweallwentout,lyinginthesun.A.TheweathersofinewasB.SofinewastheweatherC.SotheweatherwasfineD.Sowasfineweather二、Underhisarmapairofshoeswhichhehadboughtfromtheshopafewdaysbefore.A.isB.areC.wasD.were3、whohadarrestedhimthreetimesforcarryingdrugs.A.BeforeGeorgestoodthepolicemanB.BeforeGeorgethepolicemanstoodC.BeforethepolicemanstoodGeorgeD.BeforeGeorgedidthepoliceman4、Thenwehadbeenlookingforwardto.A.camethehourB.thehourcameC.comesthehourD.thehouriscoming五、Onlywhenhestartedtoexplainthereasonforthis.A.sherealizedB.didsherealizeC.shehadrealizedD.hadsherealized六、succeedindoinganything.A.OnlybyworkinghardwecanB.ByonlyworkinghardwecanC.OnlybyworkinghardcanweD.Onlywecanbyworkinghard7、Notforamomentthetruthofyourstory.A.hehasdoubtedB.hedoubtsC.didhedoubtD.hediddoubt八、NowhereelseintheworldcheapertailoringthaninHongKong.A.atouristcanfindB.canatouristfindC.atouristwillfindD.atouristhasfound九、Hardlywhenthebussuddenlypulledaway.A.theyhadgottothebus-stopB.theygottothebus-stopC.didtheygettothebus-stopD.hadtheygottothebus-stop10>Marydoesn'tspeakFrench,anddoesJoan.A.notB.neitherC.eitherD.so（后设答案，大伙儿不要偷看哦~（*八__八*）嘻嘻……）KEYS、B二、C3A4、A五、B六、C7、C八、B九、D10.B知识要点状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。依照修饰的方面，状语从句能够分为以下九种：时刻状语从句、地址状语从句、缘故状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、妥协状语从句和比较状语从句。一、时刻状语从句l.when指的是“某一具体的时刻”。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时刻”。WhenIcameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。Weshallgotherewheneverwearefree.咱们什么时刻有空，咱们就去那里。.when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”，能够看做是并列句，这种用法的when分句一样位于句末。Iwaswalkingalongthestreetwhensuddenlysomeonemeontheshoulderfrombehind.我正在街上走着，这时突然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。.while指“在某一段时刻里”，“在……期间”，while引导的动作必需是持续性的。Whileitwasraining,theywentout.天下雨的时候，他们出去了。Istayedwhilehewasaway.他不在的时候我在。.as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。.before译为在 之前Beapupilbeforeyoubecomeateacher.先做学生，再做先生。.after译为在 以后Hearrivedafterthegamestarted.竞赛开始后，他到了。.如主句动词是持续性动作，经常使用确信式，表示“直到……为止”。从属连词为/untilWewaitedtill(until)hecameback.咱们一直等到他回来。.如主句动词是刹时动词，经常使用否定式，表示“直……才”“在……以前不”，从句放在句首表示强调，一样用untilShedidn'tstopworkinguntileleveno'clock.她到11点钟才停止工作。Untilhehadpassedoutofsight,shestoodthere.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。.hardly…when和nosooner^than的意义相当于assoonas,但只表示过去发生的情形，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或nosooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部份倒装。Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.我刚一抵家，就下雨了。=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwegottothestationthanthetrainleft.咱们刚到车站，火车就走了。Hardlyhadwebegunwhenweweretoldtostop.咱们刚开始就被叫停。.在时刻状语从句中，不能用以后时或过去以后时，而要用此刻时或过去时期替以后时。EverytimeItravelledbyboat,Igot.我每次搭船都晕船。Th<emomentIheardthesong,Ifelt.我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。Nexttimeyoucome,you’llseehim.下次你来的时候，就会面到他。.状语从句在主句之前时一样用逗号与主句分开，从句在主句以后那么没必要用标点符号。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了庞大的转变。AssoonasIarriveinShanghai,I’llwritetoyou.我一到上海就给你写信。二、地址状语从句where与wherever意义大体相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。Wherethereiswaterthereislife.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.你能够随意到你喜爱的任何地址去。Whereveryougo,youmustthelaw.不管你去哪都要遵遵法律。三、缘故状语从句1.because用来回答why的问题，语气最强一样放在主句以后IcamebacklateyesterdaybecauseIwasonduty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。2.since表示既然或全已知的理由，略加分析即可说明的缘故，多放句首Sinceeveryoneishere,letsbeginourmeeting.既然大伙儿都到了，咱们开始开会。3.as从句常放在句首，说明缘故，主句说明结果，经常使用于口语中。Ashedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthe.由于他英语知道不多，他在字典中查阅那个单词。4.seeing(that),nowthat和since,as意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that能够省去。Now(that)theweatherhasclearedup,wecanstartour.鉴于天气已经晴朗，咱们能够启程了。Seeing(that)hewasbadlyill,wesentforthedoctor.鉴于他病情严峻，咱们派人去请医生去了。四、目的状语从句1.目的状语从句中经常使用情态动词may(might),can(could),should等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句以后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号，从属连词一样为that,sothat,inorderthat,=forfearthat。IshallwritedownyourtelephonenumberthatImaynotforget.我要把你的电话号码记下来，以避免忘记。We’lltellyouthetruthsothatyoucanforyourself.我把真实情形告知你，使你能自己作出判定。Theyworkedharderthanusualinorderthattheycouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.他们比往常加倍尽力工作，为了能提早完成工作。Putonmoreclotheslest(=forfearthat)youshouldcatchcold.多穿点衣服，以避免患伤风。五、结果状语从句1.sothat前有逗号为结果状语从句。so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词。Weturneduptheradio,sothateveryoneheardthenews.咱们把收音机的音量放大，大伙儿都听到了新闻。Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn'tsayaword.他十分兴奋，以致一句话都说不出来。2.such...that的such后面跟名词，若是名词是单数就要用sucha/an...that还能够转换用so…that,语气较强Hegavesuchimportantreasonsthathewasexcused.他说出了这么重要的理由，取得大伙儿的谅解。Itissuchaninterestingnovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.Itissointerestinganovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.这是一本十分成心思的书，大伙儿都想看。知识要点状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。依照修饰的方面，状语从句能够分为以下九种：时刻状语从句、地址状语从句、缘故状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、妥协状语从句和比较状语从句。六、条件状语从句1.从句的谓语只能用确信式。unless和if...not同义，unless是书面语，if...not是口语，通常二者能够换用。条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一样要用此刻时或过去时期替一样以后时或过去以后时。从属连词为if,unless,as/solongas,incase,sofaras。Difficultiesarenothingifwearenotafraidofthem.若是咱们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。Weshallgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.除非下雨，咱们明天就去那里。=Weshallgotheretomorrowifitdoesn-train.So/Aslongasyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.只要你尽力工作，你就必然能成功。IncaseIforget,pleasemeaboutit.万一我忘了，请提示我一下。SofarasIknow,thebookwillbepublishednextmonth.据我所知，那本书下月出版。七、方式状语从句1.此处as译为，依照或正如asif或asthough的意义和用法大体一样。从句中能够用此刻时表示可能符合事实，也能够用虚拟语气。DrawacatasItaughtyou.依照我教你的画一只猫。Doasyouaretold.依照人家告知你做的去做。Shelooksasifsheisill.看上去她好象是生病了。Heactedasif(though)nothinghadhappened.他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。Theytheblackboyasif(though)hewereananimal.他们对待这黑小孩恍如他是一头牲口。八、妥协状语从句.在句子中一样用了“尽管”就不能再用“可是”(but)但能够与yet或still连用。though/although意义相同，用法大体一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。Although(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.尽管他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语.Wewerenottiredthough(although)wehadworkedallday.尽管咱们干了一天活，但并非累。.evenif和eventhough的意思为“即便”“纵使”有退一步假想的意味，多用于书面语中。I’llgoevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.即便明天下雨，我也要去。.as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部份倒装。Childasheis,heknowsalot.尽管他是一个小孩，但他知道很多。Coldasitis,（=Thoughitiscold,）thechildrenplay.尽管天气冷，但小孩们仍在户外玩。.nomatter…与who-ever引导的妥协状语从句意义大体一样，nomatter…引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。Doitnomatterwhatotherssay.不管他人怎么说，尽管干。Nomatterhowbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglisheveryday.不管他多忙，他都天天坚持学习英语。Nomatterwhotakesupthematterforme,Ishallbevery.不管谁为我处置这件事，我都将超级感激。.wh-ever（whateverwhoeverwheneverwhicheverhowever）从句中的动词有时能够和may连用。判定wh-ever引导的是状语从句仍是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中必然有一个成份要在从句担任，一样从句与主句之间没有逗号。不可将nomatter与wh-ever连用。I'lltrytogivewhateveryouwant.（名词性从句）我会尽可能知足你的所需。Whateverhappens/mayhappen,weshallnotloseheart.（状语从句）不管发生什么，咱们都不要失去信心。Whoevercomes,hewillbewelcome.（状语从句）不管谁来，都会受到欢迎。九、比较状语从句.连词表示同程度级的比较，确信句用as...as否定句可用notas...as或notso…as』属连词有as...as,notso/as…as,thesame…as,such^asoMaryisasoldasmysister.玛利和我姐姐一样大。Hedoesn-trunso(as)fastasJack(does).他不如杰克跑得那样快。Hisbookisthesameasmine.他的书和我的一样。HenryisnotsuchagoodworkerasPeter.享利那个工人不如彼得那样好。.表示不同程度之比较，主句顶用比较级的形容词或副词。从属连词为than.Shehasmadegreaterthisyearthanshedidlastyear.她今年比去年进步更大。HeboughtfewerbooksthanI(did).他买的书比我买的少。.themore^themore意思为越越，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。Themoreyouread,thebetteryouunderstand.你看的书越多，你知道的就越多。Themoreticketsyousell,themoremoneyyouwillget.你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.你工作越尽力，你取得的进步就越大Thesooner,thebetter越快越好。Thewarmerthebetter越暖和越好。【专项训练】——、YoulikesportsI,dliketoread.A.whenB.whileC.butD.yet二、weweresinging,theteachercamein.A.BeforeB.afterC.AsD.Until3、Iwasabouttoleavemyhousethephonerang.A.whileB.whenC.asD.after4、Theydidnotstopfightingtherewasnoleft.A.untilB.afterC.whenD.since五、Ihavenotseenhimhewenttocollege.A.whenB.beforeC.asD.since六、Itisfivedayswecamehere.A.whenB.beforeC.asD.since7、Itwasnotlonghegottoknowit.A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.untilA>Weshallgowearefree.A.wheneverB.whateverC.whereverD.however九、IliveImustservethepeopleheartand.A.WhenB.SolongasC.AssoonasD.On10、IwasreadinganovelhewaswatchingTV.A.whenB.whileC.beforeD.as（后设答案，大伙儿不要偷看（。。。）哦，（*八__八*）嘻嘻……）Keys1、B二、C3、B4、A五、D六、D7、B八、A九、B10、B虚拟语气分三种情形来把握：一、虚拟条件句。二、名词性虚拟语气。3、虚拟语气的其他用语。一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情形，在这种情形下要用虚拟语气。一、条件从句与此刻事实不一致，其句型为：If主语+过去时，主语+should(could,would,或might)+动词原形，如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.二、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If主语+had+过去分词，主语+should(could,would,或might)+have+过去分词，如：Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm..3、条件从句与以后事实不一致，句型为：If主语+should(wereto,过去时)+do,主语+should(could…)+原形do,如：Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.注意问题：一、If条件句中绝对不可显现"would"。二、依照句中的时刻状语，有时可能显现“混合虚拟”的情形，即主句可能是此刻的