高一定语从句、时态语法

Unit1在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。引导定语从句的词，叫关系词。定语从句位于先行词的后面。Grammarrevision关系词有两个作用：一是引导定语从句；二是代替先行词在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。1.关系代词引导的定语从句whowhomwhichthatwhose人主语人宾语物主语、宾语人、物主语、宾语人、物定语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。（1.）当先行词是物，只能用that的情况：

1.当先行词是不定代

all,something,anything,everything等.2.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时.3.当先行词既有人，又有物时.4.当主句是which或who开头的特殊疑问句时.

(2.)that的两个不能（可以用which)：

1.不能放在介词后面.2.不能引导非限制性定语从句.(3.)当先行词是人，只能用who的情况：先行词是one,ones,anyone,those等指人时.(4.)定语从句中的主谓一致原则：

1.2.oneof+可数名词复数形式作先行词，定语从句中谓语动词用_________；theonlyoneof+可数名词复数形式作先行词,定语从句中谓语动词用__________.从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致.复数单数

(5.)几种特殊情况：

(1.)theway作先行词时，定语从句用_________/___________或_______。

(2.)

非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“______________________________”的结构。

(3.)

Whose引导的定语从句可转换为“__________________________”引导的定语从句。即______________=_________________________.thatinwhich不填不定代词/数词+of+which/whomthe+n.+of+which/whomwhose+nthe+n.+of+which/whom2.关系副词引导的定语从句wherewhenwhy地点名词时间名词thereason介+which介+whichfor+which注：此时的关系代词不可省略。(1.)介词的选用原则：

(1)

(2)看介词与先行词之间的关系。看介词与定语从句中动词或形容词的关系Thisistheplace(that/which)Ioncevisited.I’llneverforgetthedays(that/which)Ispentwithhim.3.Thisisthereason(that/which)hegaveforbeinglate.(2.)几个特殊句子：

3.as也能引导定语从句常与________或__________连用。eg:IhaveneverseensuchabeautifulmovieHero_____isdirectedbyZhangYimou.A.asB.whichC.thatD.it

Asuchthesame4.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1.)形式不同：限制性定语从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与主句必须用逗号隔开。(2.)翻译不同：一般把限制性定语从句翻译在先行词之前；而翻译非限制性定语从句时，常和主句分开。eg:&.Thefilm

thatwesawyesterdaywasveryinteresting.

&.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isaverybecautifulcity.我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。北京是一座非常美丽的城市，它是中国的首都。

5.as和which引导的非限

制性定语从句的区别

(1)Sheisverypatient,asisshowninherwork.

Thechildhadafevereverynight,

whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.她很有耐心，正如她工作中所表现出来的那样。这孩子每晚发烧，这件事令他父母非常焦急。(2)Therewasanetbararoundhere,asI

remember.

Youpretendednottoknowme,whichI

didn’tunderstand.

我记得这儿附近有一家网吧。你假装不认识我，我真无法理解。(3)AbigearthquakeoccurredinXinjinaglastnight,aswasreportedonTV.

Hepassedtheexam,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.

据电视报道，昨天晚上新疆发生了大地震。他通过了考试，这使得他父母很高兴。(4)____isknown,theearthgoesaroundthesun.

Theearthgoesaroundthesun,______isknown.

Theearth,____isknown,goesaroundthesun.

A.AsB.asC.whichAB/CB

(1)as翻译成“正如，像...一样”,表示说话人的看法、态度；which常译为“这一点，这件事”，指前面整个主句的内容，对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明。

(2)as常用作一些实义动词的宾语；当从句的谓语动词是否定形式用which.(3)as在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的被动式；which在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的主动式。

(4)as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句之前，之后或插在主句之中；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

as多用于下列习惯用语中：asanybodycanseeasiswellknown=asisknowntoallaswehadexpectedasoftenhappensashasbeensaidbeforeasismentionedabove.正如人人都能看到的那样众所周知正如我们所预料的那样正如经常发生的那样如上所述正如上面提到的moreorless大体上，或多或少get/behurt受伤knockinto撞在...上Helaughsbestwholaughslast.

谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。归纳拓展定语从句练习

1.Lookatthegirl________issingingsobeautifully.2.Doyouknowthewomanto______ourteacheristalking?3.Jimistheboy______hatisred.4.Hegavemeapen___________heboughtlastweek.5.Maryhasreadallthebooks_________Ilenther.who/thatwhomwhosethat/whichthat/whichI.GrammarRevisionFillintheblankswithproperrelativepronounsoradverbs.6.Isitthereason_____youwerelate?7.October1stisthedate_____ChinacelebratesitsNationalDay.8.Wewalkedinagarden_____manytreesandflowershadbeenplanted.9.Thisistheisland_____Ilivedfortwoyears.10.2001-2005aretheyears_____Istudiedintheuniversity.whywhenwherewherewhenReadthepassageagainandunderlineallthesentenceswithattributiveclausesandthewordsorsentencestheymodify.1.Thisgiftwas

theAmberRoom,

whichwasgiven

thisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereused

tomakeit.2.Theamber

whichwasselected

hadabeautifulyellow-browncolourlikehoney.2.Doing3.Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,whichtookthecountry’sbestartistsabouttenyears

tomake.4.However,thenextKingofPrussia,Frederick

WilliamI,towhomtheAmberRoombelonged,decidednottokeepit.5.Later,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburg,whereshespenthersummers.6.

In1770theroomwascompleted

theway

she

wanted.7.Thiswasatime

whenthetwocountrieswere

atwar.8.Thereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainfor,whichwasatthat

timeaGermancityontheBalticSea.9.In2003itwasreadyforthepeopleofStPetersburgwhentheycelebratedthe300th

birthdayoftheircity.Restrictive:2,6,7,9Non-restrictive:1,3,4,5,81.Hegavemeapen

heboughtyesterday.2.Hegavemeapen,whichheboughtyesterday.关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语不可以省略。LookatthefollowingsentencesandtellthedifferencesoftheAttributiveClauses.DoingChoosethebestanswer.1. Doyourememberthedeerfarm

wevisitedtwomonthsago? A.whyB.whenC.thatD.how2. Anyway,thatevening,______I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,wasreallyterrible. A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichCD3.Practising3. Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkinginthelabforanhour,______wastrue. A.that B.which C.who D.what4. Annealwaysspokehighlyofhercolleaguesinthemovie,______,ofcourse,madetheothersveryhappy. A.who B.which C.that D.what5. Chongqingisthecity______shelivedwhenshewasyoung. A.where B.which C.when D.how6. Doyouknowthereasons______hecameback? A.how B.which C.that D.why

BDBAChoosethebestanswer.1.Thedoctorwasveryimpolitetothepatient,______ofcourse,madethingsevenworse.A.who B.whom C.which D.what2.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation______hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.which C.while D.why3.Idon’tlikecars______ownersparktooclosetome.A.whichB.who C.whose D.ofwhich

4.Self-testing4.______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.WhichB.ThatC.AsD.Such5.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanweexpected.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.this6.CharlieChaplin,______childhoodwashard,beganactingattheageoffive.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.his7.Wearetalkingaboutasubject______theimportancehasn’tbeenrealized.A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.whose8.Thescienceofmedicine,______progresshasbeenveryrapid,isperhapsthemostimportantofallthesciences.A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.withwhichUnit2一般将来时的被动语态译：伦敦要举办2012年奥运会。

Londonwillhostthe2012OlympicGames.疑问句:

WillLondonhost.....................................?否定句：

Londonwillnot(won’t)host...................。反义疑问句：Londonwillhostthe2012OlympicGames,won’tit?被动语态：The2012OlympicGameswillbehosted.Step1Lead-in一般将来时的构成：shall/will+动词原形疑问句：把will/shall提到主语之前。

否定句：在will/shall后加not.反义疑问句：前肯，用won’t/shan’t+主语。前否，用will/shall+主语。一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall+be/get/become+动词的过去分词Step2初中语法复习及高中语法学习一般将来时的其他几种被动语态形式：

begoingtobedone(2)betobedone(3)含有情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+过去分词(4)有些说明主语的性质，属性的动词不用被动语态。

Step3拓展巩固练习：&.Wearetorepairthemachinetomorrow.&.I’llgettheworkdone.&.Hecandotheworkwell.&.这种水果很容易销售。&.Themachineistoberepaired(byus)tomorrow.&.Theworkwillgetdonebyme.&.Theworkcanbedonewellbyhim.&.Thefruitsellseasily.特殊句式：

if引导的条件状语从句和when引导的时间状语从句要遵循“主将从现”原则。Unit3现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时被动语态的构成：

have/hasbeendone(第三人称单数用has,第三人称复数及其余人称用have)

疑问句：把have/has提到主语之前。

否定句：在have/has后加not(haven’t/hasn’t)

反意疑问句：附加问句借助have/has.

Step1语法学习2.现在完成时及被动语态的标志：

sofarupto/tillnowbynowsince+从句

sincethenfor+一段时间

inthepasttwoyearsrecently/latelyalreadyyetHowlong...?

到目前为止+现在完成时自从...以来到现在直到现在从那时起在过去的两年里最近，近来已经仍然多长时间1.putoff推迟2.不定代词(all,something,anything,everything,someone.....)作主语，谓语动词用单数。Step2归纳Unit4现在进行时的被动语态1.现在进行时被动语态的构成：

be(am/is/are)+being+动词的过去分词

否定形式：在be(am/is/are)后加not,即：be(am/is/are)+not+being+过去分词

疑问形式：把be(am/is/are)移到句首并大写，句末加问号，即：be(am/is/are)+主语+being+过去分词

特殊疑问句形式：

(1)疑问词(作主语)+isbeing+过去分词+其他？

(2)疑问词(作定语)+复数名词+arebeing+过去分词+其他？

(3)疑问词+is(are)+主语+being+过去分词+其他?

Step1语法学习2.注意事项：

(1)当sell表示畅销时，不用被动语态。

(2)现在进行时不与时间段或表次数的状语连用。

(3)under/in+名词，也表示现在进行时的被动语态。

(4)进行时表示将来。Thedictionaryisbeingsoldwell.(改错）2.Theclockisbeingrepairedtwice.(改错）3.Thequestionisunderdiscussion.(句型转换）Step2练习Thedictionarysellswell.Theclockhasbeenrepairedtwice.Thequestionisbeingdiscussed.introduce介绍，引进alongwith/with/togetherwith/aswellas连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与前一个名词保持一致。eg:Healongwithhisstudents____thefilm.

Hisstudentsalongwithhe_____thefilm.A.likeB.likesBAStep3拓展被动语态练习题1.Howmanylanguageshavethebook______?A.translatedB.beentranslatedC.translatedintoD.beentranslatedinto2.Thechild_____byGrandmaWangalltheseyears.A.hastakencareofB.hastakencareC.hasbeentakencareofD.hasbeentakencare3.----Whatishappeninginthenewarea?----Newhouses_____recentlyoverthere.arebuiltB.builtC.havebuiltD.havebeenbuilt4.Allthepreparationsforthetask_____,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted5.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday____yet..arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided6.----Howlong_____atthisjob?----since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed7.----_____thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.---Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold8.Anewcinema_____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt9.IknowMr.Brown;we____toeachotherataninternationalconference.A.areintroducedB.havebeenintroducedC.wereintroducedD.hadbeenintroduced10.Rainforests______andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappear.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut11.Thearticle_____ChinesebycomradeLi.A.isgoingtotranslateintoB.isgoingtobetranslatedintoC.wasgoingtobetranslatedwithD.willtranslateinto12.hundredsofjobs_____ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose13.Ifcitynoises_____fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;will