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Module4GreatScientistsⅠ.单词拼写1.Obesityisoftenthoughttobethe________(主要的)causeofheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.2.Ifawomanisbetter________(教育),shewillbenefitherfamilyinthefuture.3.Itisthedealer'sdutytorecommendproductsofgood________(质量).4.It'sbetterforthegovernmenttoattachmoreimportancetothe________(最初的)inventionsofallkinds.5.InChinathelargestpartofthepopulationareemployedin________(农业).6.After________(毕业)fromBerkeley,heworkedinanaccountingcompanyasasenioradvisor.7.Beforehewasofferedtheimportantpost,theyoungmanwasaskedtohavea________(身体的)examinationfirst.8.Theengineerwasrequiredtomakea________(简洁的)introductiontotheprojecthewasengagedin.9.Withthe________(产量)increasingby20percent,thecompanywillhaveanotherharvestthisyear.10.________(诊断)withkidneyfailure,theyoungmanlostthehopeoflivingonintheworld.答案:Ⅱ.完成句子1.他希望靠卖饮料来谋生。Hehopesto_______________________drinks.2.由于交通阻塞,他开会迟到了。Hewaslateforthemeeting___________________atrafficjam.3.他太幸运了,能够从那辆燃烧的汽车中逃出来。Heisluckyenoughto__________________the________bus.4.济南作为“泉城”因为它的72泉而为我们所知。Jinanis________________________________us________“QuanCity”________its72springs.5.这房间由厨房改成了厕所。Theroom______________________________________akitchen________alavatory.答案:hislivingbysellingaresultoffrom;burningto;as;forconvertedfrom;toⅢ.单项填空1.Menusuallygo________towhattheywantandleavequicklywhenshopping.A.slight B.lightC.straight D.strict答案:C考查副词与形容词辨析。A、B、D三项都是形容词,而此处需要的是副词,修饰前面的动词go,所以选C。straight既是形容词也是副词,表示“直直的/地”。2.GoghandLeonardodaVinciwereknown________theirartisticachievements.A.as B.toC.for D.in答案:Cbeknownas“作为……而出名”;beknownfor“因为……而出名”;beknownto“为……所知”。句意:梵高和莱奥纳多·达芬奇都是因为他们的艺术成就而出名。3.There's________needtobansmokingas________resultofthegreatlossithascaused.A./;a B.a;aC.the;the D.the;a答案:B考查冠词。there'saneedtodosth.“有必要做某事”;asaresultof“由于”。4.(2022·银川一中模拟)—Mum,Ihavefinishedmyhomework.—Oh.Ifyou________nottodisturbme,youcanwatchTV.A.offerB.supportC.guarantee D.want答案:C句意:——妈妈,我已经完成作业了。——噢,如果你保证不打扰我,你可以看电视。offer“提供”;support“支持”;guarantee“保证”;want“想”。由句意可知选C。5.He________hisdutiesnextweek.A.bringsup B.setsupC.picksup D.takesup答案:D句意:他下周就要开始履行职责。bringup“教育,提出,培养”;setup“建立”;pickup“获得,捡起”;takeup“开始从事,占据”。由句意可知选D。6.________YuanLongping'sdiscoveries,Chinesericeproductionrosebypercentinthe1990s.A.Asaresult B.AsaresultofC.Asaconsequence D.Asconsequenceof答案:B考查短语辨析。句意:由于袁隆平的发现,中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代上升了%。asaresultof由于……的结果;asaresult/consequence因此,结果。D项短语不完整,应为asaconsequenceof“由于;作为……的结果”。7.(北京市西城区2022-2022学年度高三测试)Webelievethetimeandhardwork________incompletingsuchanimportantprojectareworthwhile.A.involving B.involvedC.toinvolve D.havinginvolved答案:B考查过去分词作定语。involvedin意为“涉及到”。句意为:“我们相信涉及到完成如此重要的工程的时间与工作都是值得的。”8.Thereisnomuchtimeleft,soI'lltellyouaboutit________.A.indetail B.inbriefC.inshort D.inall答案:B考查介词短语辨析。句意:所剩时间不多了,所以我将简短地告诉你这件事。indetail详细地;inbrief简短地;inshort总之;inall总共。9.(2022·北京模拟)Shegotthephotosofherson________upnexttoherdesksothatshecouldseethemwhenevershemissedhim.A.topin B.pinningC.beingpinned D.pinned答案:D考查非谓语动词。句意:她将儿子的照片钉在桌边以便于自己想念儿子时能看看这些照片。动词get通常可以用“get+宾语+宾语补足语”的形式,其补足语可以是不定式、现在分词或过去分词,根据句子语境,pin与photos之间为被动关系,故要用过去分词。10.Whattheyoungmancan't________isthathismumalwaystreatshimlikeababy.A.support B.undertakeC.hold D.bear答案:D考查动词辨析。句意:令那个年轻人不能忍受的是妈妈总是把他当小孩子看待。support支持;undertake承担,从事,承诺;hold控制,拥有,持有,保留;bear承受,忍受。11.WhenIwasinBeijinglastyear,Isawthefamouspopstar________inthestreet.A.byaccident B.bychangeC.byaccent D.withchance答案:A考查介词短语辨析。句意:去年我在北京的时候,我在街上偶然看到了这位著名的流行歌星。byaccident偶然地,意外地。12.Thesolarcellcan________theenergyofsunlightintoelectricenergy.A.construct B.convertC.conserve D.convey答案:B考查动词辨析。句意:太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。construct建造,创立;convert转化;转换;conserve保存,节约;convey传递,传达。13.Theleftwingpartyinthecountry________in1992,andsincethenboththeemploymentandthepeople'swelfarehavebeenimprovedgreatly.A.cametopower B.wasinpowerC.comeintopower D.isinpower答案:A考查动词短语辨析。句意:左翼党派1992年开始在这个国家掌权,从那以后,就业和人们的福利状况已经有了很大提高。cometopower开始执政,当权,表示动作,不与时间段短语连用,故A项正确;而wasinpower表状态;C、D两项时态不对。14.DuetotheheavyfloodinThailand,largequantitiesofsupplies________indesperateneedinthefloodstrickenareanow.A.is B.areC.hasbeen D.hadbeen答案:B考查主谓一致。句意:由于泰国境内严重的洪水,洪灾地区目前急需大量物资。“largequantitiesof+名词”作主语,句子谓语动词用复数形式,根据句中的时间状语可知,要用一般现在时。故本题正确选项为B。15.—Shallwegotohaveapicnicintheopenairthisweekend?—________.Iwanttorelax,forI'mtootiredthesedays.A.Ofcoursewecan B.Itcouldn'tbebetterC.Ifyoulike D.It'suptoyou答案:B句意:——这个周末我们去户外野餐好吗?——再好不过了,这些天我太累了,想放松一下。Itcouldn'tbebetter“那再好不过了”,故选B。Ofcoursewecan是针对别人的请求所做的肯定回答;Ifyoulike“如果你愿意”;It'suptoyou“由你决定”。Ⅳ.完形填空ThefamousscientistAlbertEinsteindiedin1955.His__1__nowisinthecentralstateofKansasoftheU.S..Itbelongstoaretired(退休的)__2__doctor,ThomasHarvey.__3__didthishappen?Andwhy?Inthe1950s,AlbertEinsteinandThomasHarvey__4__eachotherwhentheybothlivedinPrinceton,NewJersey.EinsteinwasworkingatPrincetonUniversity__5__DoctorHarveywasworkingatPrincetonHospital.WhenEinsteindied,DoctorHarveywas__6__toexaminehisbody.Itwasthenthathestartedtostudy__7__hasbecomealongtimeexaminationofEinstein'sbrain.Hisgoalwasto__8__somephysicalevidence(证据)ofthescientist'sgenius(才华).DoctorHarvey,__9__,didnottellEinstein'sfamilythathe__10__thegreatman'sbrain.Itwasonlylater__11__thefamilylearnedofDoctorHarvey'swork.Theydidnot__12__theideaatfirst.AfterDoctorHarveyexplainedhisideatothem,theyagreedto__13__himtostudythebrain.DoctorHarveythenasked__14__scientiststohelp.Theycutthebrain__15__threepieces.Theymarkedeachpiecebeforeplacingitincontainers__16__chemicalformaldehyde(甲醛)toprotectit.DoctorHarveyhasbeen__17__Einstein'sbrainsincethen.Hehascarrieditwithhimashemovedfromplacetoplace.Hehasalsolentpartsofthebraintootherscientists__18__study.Onlyoneresearcherhasfoundsomething__19__.AdoctorattheUniversityofCaliforniafoundthattheleftpartofEinstein'sbrainhasmorecertaincells(细胞)than__20__.Suchcellsareknowntofeedbrain.Thismaymeanthatthecellscouldaffectintelligence.1. B.heartC.brain D.head答案:C从后文可知是爱因斯坦的大脑被保存在美国的Kansas州。2. B.chemicalC.natural D.medical答案:D一个退休的医学博士。3. B.HowC.Who D.Which答案:B这是怎么回事呢?4. B.recognizedC.learned D.knew答案:D两个人都住在普林斯顿城,因此互相认识。5. B.becauseC.while D.since答案:Cwhile表示对比转折,意为“然而”。6.on B.calledatC.sentup D.sentoff答案:Acallon此处意为“要求(某人做某事)”。7. B.howC.that D.what答案:Dstudy后是一个宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,故用连接代词what引导。8. B.discoverC.prove D.examine答案:B他的目的是从身体方面找出爱因斯坦聪明的证据。9. B.thereforeC.thus D.however答案:D由上下文语境可知此处表示转折关系,故用副词however。10. B.soldC.kept D.made答案:C但他并没有告诉爱因斯坦的家人他保存着他的大脑。11. B.whenC.before D.after答案:A强调句型Itwas...that...。12.of B.likeC.suggest D.offer答案:B当爱因斯坦的家人知道此事后,开始他们是不认同这个主意的。13. B.letC.have D.permit答案:D后来他们同意让他研究爱因斯坦的大脑。14.two B.twootherC.moretwo D.twoanother答案:B“另外两个科学家”,用twootherscientists或anothertwoscientists。15. B.byC.into D.about答案:Cothreepieces“把……切成三块”。16. B.aboutC.of D.with答案:Dwith此处意为“带有,装有”。17. B.studyingC.searching D.selling答案:B全文一直在讲“研究”爱因斯坦的大脑。18. B.onC.into D.about答案:Aforstudy“以供研究”,for表示目的。19. B.difficultC.particular D.common答案:C有一个科学家发现了特别的东西。20. B.enoughC.usual D.normal答案:D某种细胞比正常情况下多一些。Ⅴ.阅读理解NextHalloween,asmallvegetablethatlookslikeapumpkinmayappearinagardennearvegetableisatypeofpepperthatiscalled“Lil'Pumpkin”.It'sveryspecialbecauseithasorange,pumpkinlikefruit.Youmightthinkthatallvegetablesaregrowntoprovidefoodtosomevegetablesaregrownmainlyforthelivelycolorandholidayspiritthattheybringtoarecalled“ornamentals(观赏性植物)”.JustlikelightsdecorateaChristmastree,theydecorateagarden.Thepepperswerebred(培育)byAgriculturalResearchService(ARS)scientistsJohnStommelandRobertpepperthescientistsdevelopediscalled“PepperJack”.BecausePepperJackhasorangeandblackconeshaped(锥形的)fruit,itmightremindyouofthepopularHalloweentreat“candycorn”.StommelsaysthatvegetablecropssuchaspepperswerefirstwidelygrowninEuropeinthe15ththattime,peoplelikedthesecropsmorebecausetheylookedprettythanbecausetheyprovidedfood.Backthen,whenagardenergrewplantsfordecorationandplantsforfood,thegardenwascalleda“potager”.Anexampleofthisisthelargegardensonthelawns(草坪)ofcastlesandverylargehomeswherekingsandqueensofthoselargeroyalhomeswastheFrenchking'spalaceatVersaillesduringthepalaceisstilltheretoday,andpeoplefromallovertheworldstillgotheretovisitandseethegardens.Today,Stommelsaysusingvegetablesasdecorationsingardenshasbecomepopularagain.Soyoumightbewondering,ifthesepeppersarefordecoration,canpeopleeatthem?Yes,butthefruitfrombothofthesepeppershasasharptaste(kindoflikeonions).Thesepeppersarescheduledtobecomeavailableinmidprettypepperscanbegrownincontainersandalsoingardengrowbestwithplentyoflightandwarmtemperatures,Stommelsyas.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Differentkindsofpeppers.B.Thehistoryofpeppers.C.Pe
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