外研版（2019）选择性必修一Unit 2 Onwards and upwards知识点讲义素材

PAGE16试卷第=!异常的公式结尾页，总=sectionpages11页外研版高一必修一U2troublen.困难①havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难/麻烦②introuble在危险、受罚、忧虑的处境中③outoftrouble摆脱麻烦;脱离困境④getintotrouble陷入困境;遇到麻烦⑤geto/outoftrouble使某人陷入/摆脱困境⑥takethetroubletodosth.不辞辛劳做某事;费神做某事⑦havetroublewithsth.做某事有困难/麻烦（1）Don’tlaughatpeoplewhoare______.A．introubles B．inatroubleC．introuble D．inmanytroubles（2）—Howisyourstudyinhighschool?—Notbad.ButIlearningEnglish.amgoodat B．havenotrouble C．aminterestedin D．havealittletrouble2.behaviorn.行为；举止；习性behavevt.&vi.举动;(举止或行为)表现①behavewell/badlyto/towardssb.对待某人好/差②behaveoneself守规矩;表现得体③well-behavedadj.表现好的④badly-behavedadj.表现差的（1）—Recentpressureatworkmay______hisbehavior. A．accountforB．makefor C．changefor D．standfor（2）Usuallyachild'sbehaviorisa________ofhisfamilyenvironment.A．recognitionB．reflectionC．returnD．record（3）His____________(behave)towardsherwasbecomingmoreandmoreaggressive.3.uniqueadj.独一无二的;独特的uniquenessn.独特性①beuniqueto（某人，地或事物）独具的reflectvt.&vi.显示，反映；映射，反射；仔细思考reflectionn.映像；反映；思考；反映①reflecton/uponsth.仔细思考某事②reflectsb./sth.insth.(镜子等)映出某人/某物(1)After_______onwhatyousaid,hetoldmeoneisthemoon______inthewaterandtheotherbutaflowerinthemirror.A．reflecting,reflecting B．reflected,reflectedC．reflecting,reflected D．reflected,reflecting5.creativityn.创造性；创造力createv.创造；创作；创立creationn.创造；创造物；创作，产物creativeadj.创造性的，有创造力的；有创意的creatorn.创作人；创作者；创始人(1)Itwaswithfaithfulnessthatwe(create)aharmoniousatmosphere.(2)She’svery(create)—shewritespoetryandpaints.(3)Languageisthemostimportantmental(create)ofman.(4)Jobswaswithoutdoubtoneofthe(create)oftheAppleInc.6.burnv.燃烧①burndown烧毁，烧掉(多指建筑物被烧塌)②burntotheground烧毁；夷为平地③burnout烧坏；熄灭，燃尽，耗尽体力，累垮④burnup(被)烧毁；烧尽；火烧旺，火势加大；消耗(能量)(1)Hegot_______whenhetriedtosavethechildfromthe________house.A．toburn;burning B．aburn;burntC．burning;burned D．burned;burning7.wind的相关短语：①windup摇动(把手等)；使(活动、会议等)结束；关闭(公司)；以……告终②winddown发条等转松；钟表等慢下来；把工作等逐渐减少windback把胶卷等卷回windoff把卷成物等解开windone’sway蜿蜒前进(1)Theydrovealongwithallthecarwindows.A．woundupB．windingonC．windedupD,windupcome的短语：comeacross偶然遇到comeabout发生,引起comeout出版;出来cometo来到;合计,总共是;苏醒过来cometoanend结束comeupwith赶上;提出comeintobeing形成;产生（1）Manyaquarrel________throughamisunderstanding.A．hascomeacross B．hascomeabout C．havecomeout D．havecomeup9.contactvt.联系;联络havecontactwith与……有联系stay/keepincontactwith与……保持联系incontactwith与……有联系losecontactwith与……失去联系（1）Asastudentweshould_______currentaffairs?A．keepincontactwith B．losecontactwithC．bringincontactwith D．stopthecontactwith（2）He______hisfriendthemomenthegotthegoodnews.A.contactedwithB.contactedC.keptincontactwithD.noticed10.calmv(使)平静下来;(使)镇定下来calmlyadv.镇静地;平静地calmnessn.镇静，平静calm(sb.)down(使某人)平静下来;镇静下来remain/keep/staycalm保持镇静11.referto查阅;参考;谈到;提及referencen.言及;提及;参考;referto...as...把……称作……refer...to...把……提交给……referencebook参考书12.remindv.提醒;使想起remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事remind(sb.)that/how/what...提醒(某人)……(1)Areminderissomethingwhichremindssomebody______somebodyorsomethingelse.A．from B．for C．with D．of13mentn.评论commenton/uponsth.对……发表评论commentthat...评论……makecommentson/about...对……加以评论nocomment无可奉告(1)—Willyouresign,Minister?--！A．NowayB．NodoubtC．NowonderD．Nocomment14.exchangen.(学生、教师的)互访;交换inexchange(for...)作为交换(……)exchangestudent交换生exchangevt.交换exchange...for...用……交换……exchangesth.withsb.与某人交换某物(1)MaryisgivingmeEnglishlessons__________myteachingherChinese.A．exchangefor B．exchangeC．inexchangefor D．toexchangeendv.计划,打算intenddoing/todosth.打算做某事intendsb.todosth.打算让某人做某事beintendedtodosth./forsth./sb.专门为……;专门给……withan/theintentionof抱有……的目的;打算……16.recognisev.认识,辨认出recognisesb./one’svoice认出某人/听出某人的声音berecognisedtobe/as...被认为是……Itisrecognisedthat...人们公认……recognitionn.认出;认识beyond(all)recognition认不出来17.awareadj.意识到的,明白的beawarethat...意识到/体会到……awarenessn.意识;认识developanawarenessof逐渐懂得;培养……的意识basevt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础basisn.基础，根据basicadj.基本的；基础的base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上bebasedon/upon...以……为基础onthebasisof根据；在……的基础上19.confusingadj.令人困惑的，难以理解的，不清楚的①confusevt. 使迷惑，使糊涂；混淆confuseAwith/andB 把A和B混淆②confusedadj. 困惑的，糊涂的beconfusedabout... 对……感到困惑③confusionn. 困惑；困窘；混乱局面inconfusion 困惑地；困窘地20.alarmn.[U]惊恐，惊慌；[C]警报器，警报；闹钟vt.使担心，使害怕，使惊恐①inalarm 惊慌地(常作方式状语)raise/soundthealarm 发出警报②alarmingadj. 使人惊恐的，令人惊慌的③alarmedadj. 担心，害怕be/feelalarmedby/atsth. 因某事而担心/害怕21.getsb.doing使某人一直做或者处于某状态Exercise1.The_______(标题)ofapassagegivesreadersveryimportantinformationaboutthemainideaofit.2.Itistimeforpeoplewith_______(相对立的)ideastouniteandworktowardsacommongoal.3.Doyougetupimmediatelyassoonasyour_______(闹钟)clockgoesoffintheearlymorning?4.Eachofusis_______(独一无二的,独特的)andthereisnooneelseintheworldwhoisthesamewithyou.5.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutit,youcan_______(联系)meeitherbye-mailorbyWeChat.6.Canyouguessthemeaningofthewordfromthe_______(上下文,语境)?7.Shewasfacedwithanewjob,in_______(不熟悉的)surroundingswithstrangepeople.8.Youdon'tneedtowearasuit;it'san_______(非正式的)meeting.9.Hurryup,Jane.Alltheguestsarewaitingforus_______(在楼下).10.Iftheproblemisnotproperlyhandled,itmayhave_______(消极的)effectsonthem.参考答案：1.title2.opposing3.alarm4.unique5.contact6.context7.unfamiliar8.informal9.downstairs10.negative二．语段填词。1.Theleaderofthe_______isahighly_______personandweallliketheactivitiesthathe_______everyweek.Allofusthinkhimaexcellent_______(organise).2.They_______mebyaskingsomanyquestions.Iwastotally_______,standingtherein_______,notknowingwhattodo.(confuse)3.Thechild_______sowellinclassthattheteacherpraisedhisgood_______infrontofhisclassmates.(behave)4.Youshouldknowthathardworkcan_______wealthbecauseyouarethe_______ofyourownlife,butthe_______ofpeoplealsoneedsa_______mind.(create)5.Somepeopleare_______oftheimportanceofpreservingwildanimals.Butwestilltrytoraisethe_______ofthewholesociety.(aware)6.HehadchangedsomuchthatIdidn't_______himatfirst.Asamatteroffact,illnessandagechangedhimbeyond_______(recognise)7._______,hisincomeonlymeetsexpenses.Soheonlychoosesasimplelifestyle_______onhislimitedsalary.(base)参考答案：1.organisation;organised;organises;organiser2.confused;confusing;confused;confusion3.behaved;behavior4.create;creator;creativity;creative5.unaware;awareness6.recognise;recognition7.Basically;basic;basedUnit2ExploringEnglish语法：构词法英语的构词法主要有三种：合成法、转化法和派生法。合成法合成词是由两个或更多的词合成的词。最常见的合成词为合成名词、合成形容词，还有合成副词、合成动词、合成代词等。合成词一般直接连写在一起，也有的合成词之间用连字符“­”，还有的由分开的两个词构成。1．合成名词构词方式例词名词＋名词headmaster校长名词＋动名词ship­building造船(业)speed­reading快速阅读名词＋动词＋er(or)painkiller止痛药形容词＋名词highway公路动词＋副词get­together聚会，联欢会副词＋动词output产量upkeep保养，维修介词(副词)＋名词upland高地，山地upshot结局分词＋副词grown­up成年人名词＋介词looker­on旁观者passer­by路人动词＋介词go­between中间人，媒人名词＋介词＋名词son­in­law女婿sister­in­law嫂子，姑子2.合成形容词构词方式例词形容词＋名词＋edwarm­hearted热心肠的cold­blooded冷血的middle­aged中年的bare­footed赤脚的形容词＋现在分词good­looking好看的easy­going容易相处的形容词＋过去分词new­born新生的ready­made现成的副词＋现在分词hard­working勤劳的名词＋现在分词English­speaking说英语的peace­loving爱好和平的副词＋过去分词newly­built新建的well­known闻名的名词＋过去分词man­made人造的heart­felt由衷的数词＋名词＋形容词twelve­year­old十二岁的five­meter­long五米长的3.合成副词构词方式例词介词＋名词underfoot在脚下beforehand事先副词＋名词upstairs在楼上downstairs在楼下副词＋副词however无论如何，然而，可是代词＋副词anywhere任何地方somehow不知怎么地形容词＋副词nowhere没有地方代词＋名词someday(今后)有一天someway以某种方式副词＋介词nearby附近4.合成动词构词方式例词副词＋动词overthrow推翻overcome克服名词＋动词typewrite打字sleepwalk梦游形容词＋动词broadcast广播whitewash粉刷，粉饰5.合成代词构词方式例词代词宾格＋­selfitself它自身物主代词＋­selfmyself我自己形容词＋名词anything任何东西something某物，某事6.合成介词构词方式例词副词＋名词inside在……里面介词＋副词within在……之内without没有副词＋介词into进入注意(1)由“可数名词＋介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面的名词变复数。*sister­in­law→sisters­in­law*passer­by→passers­by*looker­on→lookers­on(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。*awomanteacher→womenteachers*amandoctor→mendoctors(3)由“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变化中心名词，而修饰名词不变。*agirlfriend→girlfriends转化法转化即一个单词由一种词性转变为另一种或几种词性。转化词例词动词→名词walkv．行走→walkn．散步swimv．游泳→swimn．游泳名词→动词表示物体的bookn．书→bookv．预订shipn．船→shipv．用船运输表示人体部位的handn．手→handv．递交headn．头→headv．朝……方向名词→动词表示一类人的nursen．护士→nursev．护理fooln．傻子→foolv．愚弄表示自然现象的rainn．雨→rainv．下雨snown．雪→snowv．下雪形容词→动词dryadj.干的→dryv．使变干cleanadj.干净的→cleanv．把……擦干净副词→动词outadv.出来→outv．揭露形容词→名词whiteadj.白色的→whiten．白人nativeadj.本地的→nativen．本地人特殊转化mustv．必须→mustn．必须做的事派生法派生即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或截然相反的单词。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意思，不改变词性；后缀一般改变单词的词性，并不引起词义的变化。分类总结例词前缀表示否定意义的前缀表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis­，il­，im­，in­，ir­，mis­，non­，un­等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的legal合法的→illegal非法的lead带领→mislead误导stop停下→non­stop不停的possible可能的→impossible不可能的regular规则的→irregular不规则的smoker吸烟的人→non­smoker不吸烟的人usual寻常的→unusual不寻常的其他意义的前缀表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a­表状态；for­，fore­先，前，预；inter­间，相互；micro­微；mid­中；mini­微型的；re­重，再，复；super­上，超；tele­远距离的sleep睡觉→asleep睡着的see看见→foresee预见national国家的→international国际的film影片→microfilm微型胶片night夜晚→midnight午夜bus公交车→minibus小型公共汽车write写→rewrite重写market市场→supermarket超市scope眼界→telescope望远镜续表分类总结例词前缀改变词性的前缀改变词性的前缀有：en­，de­，be­，a­，out等。en­前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；de­前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词，其意义大多和原名词