DB43-T 1883-2020 野生动物卫星追踪技术规程

ICS

65.020.40B

DB43湖 南 省 地 方 标 准DB43/T

18832020野生动物卫星追踪技术规程Technicial

regulation

for

wildlife

satellite

tracking2020-11-27发

布 2020-12-30实

施湖南省市场监督管理局

DB43/T

1883—前言························································································································

Ⅲ1 ·····················································································································12 规范性引用文件······································································································13 术语和定义············································································································14 设备分类···············································································································25 设备类型选择·········································································································26 设备重量要求·········································································································37 设备续航要求·········································································································38 设备环境适应性······································································································38.1 外壳防护·········································································································38.2高温工作·········································································································38.3 高温储存·········································································································38.4 低温工作·········································································································38.5 低温储存·········································································································48.6 湿热···············································································································48.7 振动···············································································································48.8冲击···············································································································48.9 盐雾···············································································································48.10 静电放电抗扰度

······························································································

49鸟类卫星追踪流程···································································································49.1 工具准备·········································································································49.2 安装人员要求及防护··························································································

59.3 个体准备·········································································································59.4 背包安装方法···································································································59.5 颈环安装方法···································································································79.6 腿环安装方法···································································································810 兽类卫星追踪流程

·································································································910.1工具准备

·······································································································910.2 安装人员要求及防护

························································································

910.3 个体准备

·······································································································910.4 项圈安装方法

·································································································911 数据采集············································································································

1111.1 数据············································································································

11DB43/T

1883—11.2定位精度要求

·······························································································

1111.3 采集频率

·····································································································

11参考文献··················································································································

12IIDB43/T

1883— 本文件按照

GB/T

—

给出的规则起草。本文件由湖南省林业局提出。本文件由湖南省林业标准化技术委员会归口。南师范大学、中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所、湖南省野生动物救护繁殖中心。本文件主要起草人：周立波，周明辉，黄田，刘涟，陈峥嵘，杨格兰，朱冰润，徐正刚，邓学建，王勇，李立，唐松元。IIIDB43/T

1883—1 求、设备环境适应性、鸟类卫星追踪流程、兽类卫星追踪流程、数据采集的技术要求。本技术规程适用于鸟类及兽类的卫星追踪。2 规范性引用文件GB/T

4208 IP

代码）GB/T

电工电子产品环境试验 第

2

部分：试验方法

A：低温GB/T

电工电子产品环境试验 第

2

部分：试验方法

B：高温GB/T

电工电子产品环境试验 第

2

部分：试验方法

Cab：恒定湿热试验GB/T

电工电子产品环境试验 第

2

部分：试验方法

：振动（正弦）GB/T

电工电子产品环境试验 第

2

部分：试验方法

Ea

和导则：冲击GB/T

电工电子产品环境试验 第

2

部分

试验方法

Ka:盐雾GB/T

电磁兼容

试验和测量技术

静电放电抗扰度试验鸟类环志技术规程（试行）20023 术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。3.1野生动物卫星追踪设备

device物运动速度、航向、飞行高度、体温等信息。通过给野生动物佩戴卫星追踪设备，可以了解研究对象的生活习性、迁移路线、活动区域等内容，为野生动物研究与保护、工程建设生态评估、航空安全保障、动物疫源疫病监测等提供基础资料。3.2背包 Backpack佩戴在鸟类和兽类背部的卫星追踪设备。3.3颈环 Neck

ring佩戴在鸟类颈部的卫星追踪设备。3.4腿环

ring设备种类适用物种物种备注鸭科、鸬鹚科、鹭科、鹬科、反嘴鹬科、蛎鹬科、企鹅科Anser

cygnoidesAnser

fabalisAnser

indicusTadorna

ferruginea

Anas

platyrhynchos

AnaszonorhynchaAnas

acutaAythyaferinaPhalacrocorax

carbo）、苍鹭（Ardeacinerea）、大白鹭Egretta

alba）、黑鹮Pseudibispapillosa）、朱鹮（Nipponia

nipponPlatalealeucorodia）、黑脸琵鹭（Platalea

minor）、白尾海雕Haliaeetus

albicillaButeo

hemilasius普通鵟（Buteo

buteo）、毛脚鵟（Buteo

lagopus）、苍Accipiter

gentilisFalco

cherrugFalco

peregrinusVanellus

vanellusVanellus

cinereusTringabrevipesLimnodromus

semipalmatusLimosa

lapponicaLimosa

limosaNumenius

minutus）、中杓鹬（Numenius

phaeopus）、Numenius

madagascariensis）、白腰杓鹬（NumeniusarquataPhilomachus

pugnaxTringaerythropus）、小青脚鹬（Tringa

guttifer）、青脚鹬（TringanebulariaRecurvirostra

avosettaHimantopus

himantopusHaematopusostralegus等级5m5-10m10-20m20-100m100-2000mDB43/T

1883—佩戴在鸟类腿部的卫星追踪设备。3.5项圈 佩戴在兽类颈部的卫星追踪设备。3.6定位精度定位精度是空间实体位置信息(通常为坐标）与其实际位置之间的接近程度。定位精度分为

A、B、C、D

、E

5

1

所示。卫星追踪设备定位精度的可信度为

表

1 表

1 定位精度等级按佩戴部位将鸟类及兽类卫星追踪设备分为背包、颈环、腿环及项圈。5 设备类型选择不同类型设备适用不同物种，如表

2

所示。表

表

2 不同类型设备适用的物种设备种类适用物种物种备注Anser

fabalisAnser

albifronsAnser

erythropus）、鸿雁（Anser

cygnoides斑头雁（Anser

indicus）、大天鹅（Cygnus

cygnus）、Cygnus

columbianus颈部较长的鸟鹤科、鹳科Grus

grusGrus

leucogeranusGrus

japonensisGrus

monachaGrus

vipioGrus

nigricollisAnthropoides

virgoCiconia

nigraCiconia

ciconiaCiconia

boycianaPanthera

tigrisUrsus

arctosElaphurus

davidianusCervus

nipponMoschus

moschiferusSus

scrofaNaemorhedus

goralTrachypithecusfrancoisiDB43/T

1883—表

2表

2不同类型设备适用的物种（续）追踪设备的重量不应超过被追踪个体体重的

3％；体重小于

100g

的鸟类，卫星追踪设备重量不应超过其体重的

5％。7

设备续航要求一年以上或根据追踪对象与需求选择。8

设备环境适应性8.1 外壳防护外壳防护等级符合

GB/T

4208

IP67

的标准。8.2 高温工作设备在温度为

℃时，能正常工作。高温工作试验按

GB/T

的规定进行。8.3 高温储存设备在温度为

℃时，能正常储存。高温储存试验按

GB/T

的规定进行。8.4 低温工作设备在温度为℃时，能正常工作。低温工作试验按

GB/T

的规定进行。Hz2m/smm101.225序号工具名称备注DB43/T

1883—8.5低温储存设备在温度为℃时，能正常储存。低温储存试验按

GB/T

的规定进行。8.6湿热设备承受温度

℃、相对湿度

％、试验周期

的恒定湿热试验后能正常工作。恒定湿热试验按

GB/T

的规定进行。8.7振动设备承受振动试验（试验条件见表

3）后无结构外观变形和破损，并能正常工作。表

3振动试验条件设备承受峰值加速度

表

3振动试验条件设备承受峰值加速度

11ms

设备承受温度

5、盐雾沉降量

（mg/80cm

的振动试验按

GB/T

的规定进行。2工作。冲击试验按

GB/T

2423.5

的规定进行。8.9 盐雾2盐雾试验后能正常工作。盐雾试验按

GB/T

的规定进行。8.10 静电放电抗扰度设备承受电压

的静电放电抗扰度试验后能正常工作。静电放电抗扰度试验按

的规定进行。9 鸟类卫星追踪流程9.1 工具准备工具准备见表

4。表

表

4 安装鸟类卫星追踪设备工具序号工具名称备注DB43/T

1883—表

4表

4安装鸟类卫星追踪设备工具（续）安装人员需经过专业培训，安装全程应佩戴医用手套、口罩，穿防护服。9.3 个体准备2002

选择健康鸟类，减少应激反应，科学佩戴追踪器。9.4背包安装方法9.4.1背负式步骤如下：a）

1

S1、S2

分别打结

N1、

绑带

的两端分别穿过设备后端的安装孔。12

12

图

1 背负式中准备好的背包b）

设备安装需要抓握和安装人员配合完成。抓握人员将鸟调整至背部朝上，尾部朝向安装人员。安装人员将绑带

S1

从尾部套住鸟，底扣置于鸟腹部，抓握人员用手指协助稳好底扣及绑带，绑带

N3

S1S2

DB43/T

1883—处滴速干胶，待胶水固化后剪断多余绑带。安装如图

2

所示。底扣

K

的长度根据鸟的大小选择，确保结

N2

处于鸟颈部下方，结

N1-N3之间绑带松紧度以体重大于

300g

的鸟能伸进

2

个手指为宜，小于

300g

的鸟能伸进

1

个手指为宜。12

N12

345

图

2 背负式安装示意图9.4.2腿跨式步骤如下：a）

准备好设备、绑带及金属环扣，如图

3

所示，将绑带

S

对折后穿过设备前端安装孔，打结

固定；再将绑带依次穿过金属环扣

R、设备后端安装孔、金属环扣

R，在绑带末端打结

N2。

12

图

3 腿跨式中准备好的背包b）

设备安装需要抓握和安装人员配合完成。抓握人员将鸟调整至背部朝上，尾部朝向安装人员。DB43/T

1883—安装人员将绑带

S

S

R

紧处滴速干胶，待胶水固化后剪断多余绑带。安装如图

4

所示。绑带

S

300g

的鸟能伸进

2

300g

的鸟能伸进

1

个手指为宜，且须确保绑带两边长度一致。

12

图

4 腿跨式安装示意图9.4.3观察及释放佩带设备的鸟释放前，应在笼（箱）中静置观察

分钟，如果出现倒退、蹲卧、站立不稳等不9.5颈环安装方法9.5.1 设备安装步骤如下：a）

根据鸟的大小选择合适的颈环，如图

5

所示。

图

5 颈环DB43/T

1883—b）

C

固定卡扣

B胶。安装如图

6

所