Unit+1+Grammar+and+usage高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册

Unit1NatureinthebalanceGrammarandusagelead-in-Excuseme!-Yes?-Isthisyourhandbag?-Pardon?-Isthisyourhandbag?-Yes,itis.-Thankyouverymuch.myhandbag.Ellipsis省略Introductionofellipsis1.Whatisellipsis?什么是省略？

2.Whencanweuseellipsis?我们什么时候可以使用省略？3.What'sthefunctionofellipsis?省略的功能是什么？Introductionofellipsis1.Leaveoutawordorwordsfromasentencedeliberately.故意省略句子中的一个或多个单词。2.Wecanuseellipsiswhenthemeaningcanstillbeunderstoodwithoutusingawordorcertainwords.当不使用单词或某些特定词仍然可以理解其意义时，我们可以使用省略。3.Itmakessentencesconcise.使句子简洁。TheuseofellipsisinEnglish省略的用法*什么是“省略”？省略(ellipsis)是指省去可以根据上下文语境或情景语境恢复的句子成分,是一种避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。英语中存在多种多样的省略现象，句子中既可以省略主语、谓语、谓语的一部分或宾语，也可以一起省略主语和谓语。*省略的意义：可使语言更加简洁，意思更加明确，句子结构更加紧凑。一、简单句的省略1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略，其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。Thank

you

for

your

help.

See

you

tomorrow.

Doesn’t

matter.(I)

(I)

(It)2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分No

smoking.

Have

a

smoke?

Whatabout

a

cupof

tea?

Why

not

say

hello

to

him?(There

is)

(Will

you)(do

you

think)

(do

you)3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have：(1)-Are

you

going

there?

-Yes,

I’dlike

to(go

there).

(2)

He

didn’t

give

me

the

chance,

though

hehadpromised

to

(give

me

the

chance).

(3)

-Are

you

an

engineer?

-No,

but

I

want

to

be(an

engineer).

(4)

-He

hasn’t

finished

the

taskyet.

-Well,

he

ought

to

have(finished

the

task).4、省略表语

(1)-Are

you

thirsty?

-

Yes,

I

am

(thirsty).

(2)

His

brother

isn’tlazy,

nor

is

his

sister(lazy).5、同时省略几个成分

(1)

Let’s

meet

at

the

same

place

as

(we

met)yesterday.

(2)

--Have

you

finished

your

work?

--(I

have)

Not

(finished

my

work)

yet.二、并列句中的省略Mr.Smithpickedupacoinintheroadand(Mr.Smith)handedittoapoliceman.史密斯先生在路上捡起一枚硬币，（史密斯先生）把它交给了一名警察。Somecalledfortheapplicationofthemoderntechnology,andothers(calledfor)achangeoflifestyle.一些人呼吁应用现代技术，另一些人（呼吁）改变生活方式。省略主语省略谓语JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.杰克一定在踢足球，玛丽（一定）在做功课。省略部分谓语Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob(wasborninwinter)in1989.我出生于1988年的冬天，鲍勃（出生在冬天）是1989年的。省略谓语及状语1.状语从句的省略Ifeltworriedwhen(Iam)watchingthedocumentary.当（我）看纪录片时，我感到很担心。若从句的主语与主句的主语相同或者从句的主语是it，且谓语是be时，常同时省略从句的主语和be。If(itis)impossible,Iwillhelpyouwithyourwork.如果（这）不可能，我会帮助你的工作。三、复合句中的省略2.定语从句的省略A.在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词

whom，which，that可省略。Thefilmstar(whom/who/that)IlikemostisBruceLee.我最喜欢的电影明星是李小龙。B.定语从句中的“主语(关系代词)+be”有时可以省略。What'sthelanguage(that/whichis)

spokeninthatcountry?那个国家使用的语言是什么？3.宾语从句的省略在say,know,think,believe,suppose,consider,find,decide等动词后面所接的一个宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若后接多个宾语从句，只有第一个连词that可省略，其余的连词that不能省略。Thereisnoreasontosuppose(that)

she'slying.没有理由认为她在撒谎。1.保留不定式符号to的情况四、不定式的省略2.不定式符号可省略的情况A.主语部分或修饰主语的定语部分有实义动词do的各种形式，作表语的不定式可省略to，也可保留to。I'msorryIhurtyourfeelings.Ididn'tmeanto.Youcanwatchitonlineifyouwantto.AtlasttheydidasItoldthemto.

ThemostimportantthingIshoulddois(to)giveyousomeadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.B.不定式做介词but，except等的宾语，且前面有实义动词do的各种形式时，须省略不定式符号to。TheydidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.

Idon'twantto

do

anythingexcept

helpyou.C.在see,lookat,hear,listento,watch,notice,observe,feel,have,make,let等词后作宾语补足语时，须省略不定式符号to。YesterdayIlistenedtoMaryspeakmovinglyaboutherlovestoryonceagain.昨天，我再次听玛丽动情地讲述了她的爱情故事。1.一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见的句型有spend/wastetime(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing；havedifficult/trouble(in)doing；bebusy(in)doing；stop/preventsb.(from)doing等。Shelostnotime(in)givingthepatientfirstaid.她不失时机地给病人急救。五、介词的省略2.表示行为方式的in在inthisway,inthesameway,inanotherway等词组中，可省略介词。Hedidit(in)thisway.他以这种方式做到了。情况例句表示比较的从句She

looks

older

than

my

mother

(does).The

weather

isn’t

as

good

as

(it

was)

yesterday.对话(I’m)

Sorry

I

couldn’t

come.(Pass

me)

The

salt,

please.A:

Are

you

coming?

B:

Yes

(I’m

coming).告示、标牌、报纸标题(There

will

be)

Roadworks

ahead!(A)

Millionaire

(was)

poisoned

(in

his

home)

in

Beverly

Hills.习惯用语We

need

to

solve

the

problem

as

soon

as

(it

is)

possible.Why

not

(=Why

don’t

you)

clean

the

room

after

breakfast?六、其他情况的省略使用so,not等时的省略在英语中，可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。—Canyoufinishyourworktoday?—Ithinkso.—Idon’tthinkso./Ithinknot.其他省略形式注意：hope,guess,beafraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not...so的形式。—Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?—Iguessnot.Ellipsis省略Step3ExploringtherulesWritedownthewordsthathavebeenleftoutintheconversationonpage6.No,Ididn’t(

).2.Youcanwatchitonlineifyouwantto().3.Ifeltworriedwhen(

)watchingthedocumentary.4.Somecallfortheapplicationofmoderntechnology,andothers(

)achangeoflifestyle.5.(

)Gotanyideas?6.(

)Soundsgreat!IwaswatchitcallforHaveyouIt/ThatwatchthedocumentaryaboutenvironmentalprotectiononTVyesterdayconclusionrepeatinginformalFindthemistakesandrewritethesentencesusingellipsis.1.Icannotwatchthedocumentarythisweekend,thoughIwouldlike.__________________________________________________________________Icannotwatchthedocumentarythisweekend,thoughIwouldliketo.Reason:Wecannotleaveouttoininfinitiveswhenusingellipsis.使用省略时，不能省略不定式。2.Cowsliveonland,andfishthewater.__________________________________Cowsliveonland,andfishinthewater.Reason:Differentprepositionsareusedandtheycan’t

beleftout.使用不同的介词时不能省略。Applyingtherules3.TheAmazonrainforestissmallernowthanwas50yearsago._________________________________________________________Reason:Whenusingellipsisinclauseswiththesame

pattern,thesubjectandtheverbshouldbeleftoutaltogether.在句型相同的从句中使用省略时，应同时省略主语和动词。4.Hehadplannedtoborrowabookonenvironmentalprotection,buthedidn’tdo.____________________________________________________________________Reason:Whenusingellipsisincompoundsentences,the

partbehindtheauxiliaryverbshouldbeleftout

altogether.在复合句中使用省略时，应完全省略助动词后面的部分。Hehadplannedtoborrowabookonenvironmentalprotection,buthedidn’