英语名词复数变化规律及发音规则(新整理)

英语名词复数变化规律及发音规则(新整理)PluralPronunciationinEnglishMostcountablenounsformtheirpluralbyaddingthesuffix-stotheendoftheword.Thepronunciationchangesdependingonwhetherthefinalsoundisavoicelessconsonant(pronouncedas[s])oravoicedconsonantorvowel(pronouncedas[z]).Ifthefinalsoundisa[t],itispronouncedas[ts],andifitisa[d],itispronouncedas[dz].Examples:friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;cup→cups;day→daysNounsthatendin-s,-ss,-z,-x,-ch,or-shformtheirpluralbyaddingthesuffix-es.Thepronunciationisalways[iz].Examples:bus→buses;quiz→quizzes;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashesException:stomach→stomachsNounsthatendinaconsonantfollowedby-ychangethe-yto-iandadd-es.Nounsthatendinavowelfollowedby-ysimplyadd-s.Thepronunciationis[z]inbothcases.Examples:candy→candies;daisy→daisies;fairy→fairies;day→daysMostnounsthatendin-oadd-stoformtheplural.However,somenounsadd-esinstead.Thepronunciationisthesameforbothforms:[z].Examples(add-s):kilo→kilos;photo→photos;tobacco→tobaccos;piano→pianosExamples(add-es):tomato→tomatoes;hero→heroes;potato→potatoesNounsthatendin-for-feusuallychangethe-for-feto-vestoformtheplural.However,thereareexceptions.Thepronunciationchangesfrom[f]to[vz].Examples:knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;staff→staves;scarf→scarvesExceptions:roof→roofs;cliff→cliffs;proof→proofs;safe→safes;chef→chefs;belief→beliefsNounsthatendin-us(usuallyborrowedfromotherlanguages)usuallychangethe-usto-itoformtheplural.Thepronunciationchangesfrom[Es]to[ai],exceptfor[kEs]whichchangesto[sai]and[gEs]whichchangesto[dVai].Examples:fungus→fungi;abacus→abaci;focus→foci;cactus→cacti;cestus→cestiNounsthatend