初升高英语复习之代词课件-高中英语初高中衔接

英语词法之代词讲解代词代词是为了避免重复，而用来代替名词的词。人称代词：表示“我”、“你”、

“他”、“她”、“它”、

“我们”、“你们”、“他们”人称代词人称代词人称代词主格：在陈述句中位于动词前面，在疑问句中位于be,

can,助动词和实义动词之间。在句中做主语。宾格：位于动词、介词之后，做宾语。表示行为动作的对象。Iweyouhesheittheymeusyouhimheritthem人称代词主格：在陈述句中位于动词前面，在疑问句中位于be,

can,助动词和实义动词之间。在句中做主语。She

broke

her

leg

while

skiing. 她滑雪时摔断了腿。

We

live

in

China

and

she

is

a

great

country.

我们住在中国，她是一个伟大的国家。（表示国家、城市、大地、月亮等名词时，可用she来指代，表示一种亲密的感情。)

Do

you

likeanimal?人称代词人称代词并列做主语时，顺序为：单数你他我，复数一二三，道歉我为先。1.

You,

she

and

I

all

enjoy

music. 你、我、她都喜欢音乐。2.

We,

you

and

they

are

from

China.

你们、我们、他们都来自中国。3.

I

and

he

made

mistakes. 我和他犯了错误。4.

The

difference

between

you

and

I. 我和你之间的差异。人称代词宾格：位于动词、介词之后，做宾语。表示行为动作的对象。We

often

go

to

see

her

on

Sundays.我们常在星期天去看望她。Both

his

parents

and

teachers

are

proud

of

him.

他的父母和老师都为他感到骄傲。动词/介词+me/us/you/him/her/it/them人称代词it的特殊用法。1.

it

可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的。---

Who

is

the

person

over

there?那边的那个人是谁？---

It

is

the

headmaster.

是校长。2.

it也可用来表示天气、时间、距离等。

天气：It

was

raining

this

morning.

时间：It’s

about

eight

o’clock.

距离：It’s

200km

from

here.3.it也可用来表示前文谈到的个人或者事物单数。LiHuahasapen,itwasboughtyesterday.Practise

invited

(I)

to

have

breakfast

with

him.2.

Who

taught

(he)

English

last

term?3.

---

Who

is

knocking

at

the

door?

---I

don‘t

know.

I

was

lying

in

bed

and

just

asking

who

was.4.

I

can’t

find

my

hat.

I

don’t

know

where

I

put

.5.

Ihadaletterfrom__________(she).物主代词指物的主人，表示所属关系。物主代词形容词性物主代词：起形容词的作用，位于名词之前。(my,our,your,his,her,its,their）名词性物主代词：起名词的作用，位于句首做主语，动词或介词之后做宾语，be动词之后表语。(mine,ours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs)

=形容词性物主代词+名词物主代词物主代词形容词性物主代词：起形容词的作用，位于名词之前。His

views

are

different

from

those

of

others.

他的观点与其他人的不同。My

childhood

is

unforgettable. 我的童年是令人难忘的。物主代词I

have

finished

my

task.

Have

you

finished

yours?我已经王城了我的任务，你的完成了吗？Miss

Wang

is

an

old

friend

of

mine. 王小姐是我的一个老朋友。This

baby

of

hers

is

so

lovely! 她的这个孩子真可爱。名词性物主代词：起名词的作用，位于句首做主语，动词或介词之后做宾语，be动词之后。=形容词性物主代词+名词物主代词有“名”则“形”，无“名”则“名”意思是：后面有名词的话，前面就要用形容词性物主代词.

后面没有名词的话，就用名词性物主代词。同义句转换：This

is

my

breakfast.

=

This

breakfast

is

mine.2.

That

is

your

book.

=

That

book

is

yours.PractiseShe

is

a

friend

of

. A.

my B.

mine C.

I2.

This

isn’t

my

pen,

it

is

.her B.

his C.

him3.

Frank

can’t

find

dictionary.

Can

you

lend

to

?A.

her,

mine,

her

B.

/,

yours,

he C.

his,

yours,

him4.

school

is

much

bigger

than

.A.

Our,

their B.

Ours,

theirs C.

Our,

theirs5.

The

dog

is

so

poor

because

__________leg

is

badly

hurt. A.

it B.

its C.

it’sCBCBB反身代词反身代词又称自身代词，表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。它还可以在句中起强调的作用，用以加强语气。反身代词的构成：反身代词单数词尾都有-self，复数词尾都有-selves。第一、二人称反身代词是myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves。第三人称都由himself,herself,itself,themselves。每个反身代词都表示“____自己”，如myself我自己，themselves他们自己，等等。2.用作名词、代词的同位语，以加强名词、代词的语气，一般表示“亲自，本人”的意思。反身代词不能单独作主语。I

myself

did

the

task.这项任务是我自己做的。You

had

better

ask

the

patient

himself

about

his

trouble.关于病人的病情，你最好问他自己。反身代词PractiseThe

man

is

rich,

he

can

buy

a

lot

of

things. A.

he B.

his C.

himself2.

---

What

a

lovely

card!

Where

did

you

buy

it?

---I

made

it

by

.me B.

myself C.

itself3.

”Help

to

some

chicken,”

my

mother

said

to

the

guests.A.

yourself B.

yourselves C.

your4.

My

classmate,

Li

Ming,

made

a

card

for

_

just

now.5.

We

can

finish

our

homework

by

__________.6.

I

agree

with

you.7.

You

can’t

leave

your

daughter

by

.himselfBBCourselvesmyselfherself指示代词指示代词：是用来确认或指定名词的代词，起指示作用，或者用来代替前面已经提过的名词。thisthatthesethose指示代词1.

this和these常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用，而that和those常指前面提到过的事物，有承上的作用。What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this:

the

meeting

is

put

off

till

Friday.我要告诉你的是（这么一件事）：会以推迟到星期五举行。He

had

a

bad

cold.

That

is

why

he

didn’t

attend

the

meeting.他患了重感冒，那就是他没参加会议的原因。指示代词2.为了避免与前面的名词重复，可以用that或those来代替。This

painting

is

not

so

good

as

that

I

saw

in

the

gallery

yesterday.这幅油画不及我昨天在美术馆里看到的那幅好。The

population

in

Shanghai

is

larger

than

that

in

Guangzhou.上海的人口比广州的多。Computers

made

in

Nanjing

are

just

as

good

as

those

made

in

Shanghai.南京生产的电脑和上海生产的一样好。疑问代词疑问代词是用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词。一般放在句首。指人主格who宾格whom属格whose（可指物）指物主格which（可指人）宾格what疑问代词who和whom的用法

who只能指人，常作主语和表语，只有名词性质。

whom也指人，常作宾语，也只有名词性质。在非正式英语和口语中，who可以替代whom，但介词后面要用whom。例：Who

told

you?谁告诉你的？ To

whom

did

she

send

the

book?她把书送到谁那里去了？ Whodoyoulikebest?（口语）你最喜欢谁？ Whomdoyoulikebest?（较正式）疑问代词2.

whose的用法

whose表示“谁的”，一般放在句首。They

all

can

speak

English.

Whose

pronunciation

is

the

best?他们都会说英语。谁的发音最好呢？Whose

is

better,

yours

or

hers?谁的更好，你的还是她的？疑问代词不定代词不定代词指没有特定对象的代词，如all,

both,

each,

every,

either,

neither,

no,

none,

…等等1.

either,neithereither指“两者中的任何一个”，neither指“两者都不”。常构成固定搭配，either/neitherof+名（代）词的复数+谓语动词，当either...or和neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词应遵循就近原则。如：There’s

coffee

and

tea

–

you

can

have

either.咖啡和茶都有，你可以任选一种。Neither

of

us

agrees

on

the

plan.我们双方都不同意这个计划。If

either

John

or

Mary

is

here,

they

will

get

the

message.如果约翰和玛丽在这里，他们便会得到这个消息。Neither

the

boys

nor

the

girls

are

to

blame.

男孩们和女孩们都不应受到责备。不定代词2.

each,

every

each和every都表示每一个。each强调个体，意为“各个，每个”，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

every强调整体情况，相当于汉语的“每个都，人人都”，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人和事物，而every只可以指三个或三个以上的人或事物。如：I

asked

all

the

children

and

each

told

me

a

different

story.我问过所有的孩子，每个人的说法都不一样。 Everymanmustdohisbest.人人都尽最大的努力。不定代词3.

few,

a

few,

little,

a

little不定代词不定代词3.

few,

a

few,

little,

a

little如：Few

have

such

a

chance.几乎没人有这种机会。I

know

a

few

of

these

people.这些人当中我认识几个。He

knows

very

little

about

electronics.他对电子学几乎一窍不通。I

know

a

little

about

electronics.我懂一点电子学。不定代词4.

many,muchmany

修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so,too,as,how连用。much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词so,too,as,how连用。如：Many

students

often

go

camping

in

the

summer

holiday.许多学生经常在暑假去露营。There

are

so

many

books

to

read

this

term.这学期有很多书要读。Much

water

had

been

wasted

before

the

tap

was

repaired.水龙头修好之前已经浪费了大量的水。I

have

too

much

pressure.我压力太大了。不定代词5.

none,

no

one

none既可指人也可指物；(1)（与of连用）毫无/决不,毫不；(2)没有一个，无一；(3)常用来回答how

many或how

much引导的问句。(4)none

后面不能直接跟名词，它可以单独使用。no

one仅指人，常用来回答who引导的问句。如：None

of

them

came

to

his

birthday

party.他们中没有人去参加他的生日聚会。—How

many

questions

have

you

answered?你回答了几个问题？—None.一个也没回答。There

was

no

one

in

sight.什么人也看不见。不定代词6.

one,

other,

another

one可以指人、指物。泛指同类事物中的一个，其复数形式是ones;

one前面可用the,

this,

that,

which等词修饰，表示特指。如：One

must

know

oneself.人要有自知之明。We

have

three

old

phones

and

two

new

ones.我们有三部旧手机和两部新手机。不定代词不定代词

someother+单数名词：某一东西I

want

to

go

to

some

other

country

besides

China.我想去除了中国的另一个国家。

someother+复数名词：另一些，其他I

want

to

go

to

some

other

countries

besides

China.我想去除了中国的其他一些国家。every

other+单数名词：所有其他的人或物；隔I

want

to

go

to

every

other

country

besides

China.我想去除了中国的其他所有国家。I

visit

my

parents

every

other

week.

我每隔一周去看一次我的父母。不定代词6.

one,

other,

another

another既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的另一个；也可用于“another+数词+可数名词复数”形式，意为“另外及（天、周等）”。如：We’ll

remain

in

London

for

another

four

or

five

days.我们还要在伦敦待四五天。To

do

it

is

one

thing;

to

do

it

well

is

another.做事一回事，做好是另一回事。不定代词7.

some,any(1)some

和any均表示“一些，几个”，既可修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中；any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，也可用在肯定句中表示“任何”。如：Some

like

music,

and

others

like

sports.一些人喜欢音乐，一些人喜欢运动。I

have

some

fresh

cakes

here.我这儿有些蛋糕。I

don’t

think

any

of

the

wine

is

left.我认为没有剩余的葡萄酒了。I’m

sorry

but

I

don’t

have

any

change.不好意思，我没有零钱。（2）some用于疑问句时，表建议、请求、邀请等，并希望得到对方的肯定回答。Wouldyoubuymesomestampswhenyoupassthepostoffice?路过邮局的时候给我买几张邮票好吗？（表示请求)CanIhavesomecoffeewithsugar?我能要加糖的咖啡吗？（表示希望得到对方的肯定回答）8.all和both的用法（1）all和both都意为“都”,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语等。all表示”三者或三者以上都”,与none和noone是反义词，指代或修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。both表示“两者都”，与neither是反义词，只能指代或修饰复数可数名词。不定代词加分要点1.all作主语时，修饰或指代不可数名词