2021北京高三一模英语试卷含答案门头沟

2021北京门头沟高三一模

英语

1.本试卷共III页，共100分，考试时长90分钟、

2.请将条形码粘贴在答题卡相应位置处。

3.试卷所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。请使用2B铅笔填涂，用黑色字迹签字笔或钢

笔作答。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该

项涂黑。

OldBernardBaruch.8Iyearsold,isstillambitious.Hisonlyreferencetothepastwasthat,withgreatprideineyes.

he_l___torankfirstinshooting.Whatmakesthismanstill_2___?Theanswerishisstrong_3_tokeepbeingproductive.

Twoofthehardestthingsto_4_inthisworldaretogetwealthbyhonesteffortsand,havinggainedit,tolearnhow

touseitinaproperway.RecentlyIwalkedintothelockerroom（休息室）ofawell-knowngolfclub.Adozen

middle-agedmenwereseatedattablesdrinkingheavilyandtalking_5_.Dayafterdaythesesamemenhungoutthere

andeachofthemhadbeenamanofaffairsandwealth,_6_inbusinessandrespectedinsociety.However,itseemedthat

theyaretoocontenttobeaggressive.Theyknewthattheirproductivityhad_7_gradually.Whenafruittreedoesn'tbear

itsfruit,itisdying.Inthiswayitresembles（类彳以）man.

Whatisthe_8_ofalongandhappyexistenceintheworld?IthinkIfounditlongagoinapassage.Thewordswere

few,buthadalasting_9_onme:"Inthesweatofthefaceshallyoueatthebread.*'Thewordshavebeenandwillalways

beagreat_10_tome.AttheendoftheroadIwanttofeelthatIhavefoughtagoodfightandlivedtothefull.

1.A.ManagedB.seemedC.expectedD.meant

2.A.CarefulB.innocentC.energeticD.normal

3.A.ReasonB.dutyC.actionD.desire

4.A.ReceiveB.achieveC.throwD.refuse

5.A.aimlesslyB.helplesslyC.fearlesslyD.hopelessly

6.A.interestedB.strictC.successfulD.absorbed

7.A.disappointedB.changedC.improvedD.increased

8.A.trendB.ideaC.senseD.secret

9.A.moodB.influenceC.impressionD.focus

10.A.honorB.comfortC.approachD.inspiration

第二节语法填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用

括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

Today,thereisatrendthattheyoungstershaven'tenoughsleepduringthenight.Lackofsleepamongchildrenand

teenagersinChina_11___(get)worseinthepasttenyears,withmorethan80percentgettinginsufficientsleepon

schooldays,areport_12(publish)onMondaysaid.Chineseyoungsterssleptanaverageof7.8hoursanighton

schooldayslastyear,20minutes_13(little)thanin2009,accordingtothereportfromtheChineseAcademyof

Sciences'InstituteofPsychology.

B

Whywastheoxchosentobeoneofthe12Chinesezodiacsigns(生肖)？Centuriesago,mostpeople

—14___(eam)theirlivingthroughfarming.Today,thephrasenthespiritofox”stillreferstoovercominganything_15—

maypresentitselfasanobstacle(障碍).Thespirit_16—(praise)highlyandmanypeoplefollowitastheirwork

principle.Whensomeoneachievesagreataccomplishment(成就)throughhardwork,peopleoftenuse“niu"，meaning

"awesome'*_17_(describe)himorher

C

Nowadays,thereexistsacommonphenomenon.Amanwalks_18—thesidewalk,asmartphoneinhandand

completelyabsorbedinthedigitalworld.Justas_19_computersachievedbefore,smartphonesarenowchangingour

life.Iamtrulygratefulfortheconveniencebroughtbyit.ButmeanwhileIfeeldeeplyanxious.Tostayinformed,I

constantlyupdatemyWeChat.

That'swhyIoftenfind_20—（me）absent-minded.

第二部分;阅读理解（共两节，38分）馆一节（共14小题;每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑

A

ThespatownofCheltenhamsitsontheedgeoftheCotswolds,inthecountyofGloucester.Belowisalookatfour

fabulousattractionsthatmakeCheltenhamsucha

terrificplacetovisit.

CheltenhamFestival

Thefestivalisanannual,four-dayfeastofracingand,onthelastday,featuresthefamousCheltenhamGoldCup

Steeplechase.It'sadramaticraceofaround3milesand2.5furlongs,andthehorseshavetoclear22fences.Anythingcan

happen.In2020,thislastdayofthefestivaldrewinacrowdof68,859.

PittvillePark

IfyouvisitPitvillePark,you'llfinditdividedintotwomainpartsbytheEveshamRoad.Theeasternsideishometo

thechildren'splayareaandiswherepeoplecanviewwildlife.Meanwhile,onthewesternsideoftheroad,you'llfindthe

largerareaoftheparkandsmallareasofwoodland.There'salsoalowerlakeatwhichyoucanfishduringfishingseason.

That'snottheonlyactivity,however.There'saskatepark,tenniscourtsandasmallchildren'splayarea.

HolstBirthplaceMuseum

Cheltenhamwasthebirthplaceofthe19"centuryEnglishcomposerGustavHolst,andvisitorscanvisitthehomein

whichhewasbom.You'llreceiveatasteofwhatVictorianlifewaslike,asthehomeboastsaworkingVictoriankitchen,

scullery,andnursery.Themuseumalsoallowsyoutodiscoverthecomposer'slifeandtimesbyallowingyouintohis

musicroom.HereiswherehecomposedThePlanets.

SudeleyCastle

Thisprivatecastle,whichissurroundedbyviewsoftheCotswolds,holdstheclaimtofameofbeingtheonlycastle

inEnglandtohaveaqueenburiedinthegrounds.Thecastlehaswitnessedallsortsofdramathroughoutitshistoryandis

oneofthemostinterestingTudorcastlesyou'llevervisit.

IfyouwouldlikemoreinformationonCheltenhamTown,pleasevisitthewebsite:www.ctladiesyouth.co.uk.

21.PitvilleParkisuniqueinits_

A.gameareasB.horseracing

C.beautifulviewsD.children'sperformances

22.Whichofthefollowingwillamusicfanbeinterestedin?

APitvillePark.B.SudeleyCastle.

CCheltenhamFestivalD.HolstBirthplaceMuseum

23.Whereisthisarticleprobablyfrom?

A.AdiaryB.AnovelC.AwebsiteD.Amagazine

B

Whatcomestomindwhenyouthinkofkungfu?IfyourmindisfilledwithimagesofShaolinmonks,BruceLee,or

KungFuPanda,youwouldn'tbewrong.ButforLaurenceJ.Brahm,anAmericandocumentaryfilmmaker,thefirstthing

thatspringstomindistheconceptofnon-violence.

AsBrahmexplained,ifyoubreakdownthecharacternwu,"itconsistsoftwocharacters:oneisuge,umeaning

dagger-axe;theotheris"zhi,Mmeaningtostop.So,themeaningofmartialartsinChineseisnottheartoffighting,a

conceptthatmanypeopletakeforgranted.Onthecontrary,hesaid,kungfuistheartofstoppingfighting.

Brahm'srelationshipwithkungfudatesbacktothe1970swhenhewasakaratestudentinHawaii."Mymaster

alwaystoldmethatifyouwanttofullyunderstandkarate,youhavetogotoShaolininChina.That*swheretheoriginis,

nBrahmsaid.In1981,hemanagedtovisittheShaolinTemple,situatedatthefootoftheSongshanMountaininCentral

China,fortheveryfirsttime.Heleftthemountain,alittledisappointedatnotfindingthemartial-artsspiritheexpected.

Buthispassionfbrkungfuandhisdesiretofindoutmorewerestrongerthaneverbefore.

Overtheyearshetrainedinmanydifferentstyles,suchastaichi,WingChun,JeetKuneDotounderstandallof

them."Martialartscanhelpusconnectourbody,connectourneuralsystem,connectourbloodflow,andalsohelp

connectusintoourenvironmenttoincreaseourawareness.Martialartsismovingmeditation（冥想），"Brahmsaid,his

eyesbrightandintense.

Buttohim,kungfu'scharmandvaluesarefarmorethanthat.Hecombinedtheknowledgefrommanymastersand

scholarswithhisownexperienceasapractitionerandtutortoextract12keyprinciplesandvaluesofthemartialarts:

perseverance,roots,loyalty,respect,harmony,change,balance,centering,emptiness,flow,pragmatism,non-violence.

“Kungfu,inmyeves,isamirrorofChineseculture.^^Brahmsaid“Thetraditionalvaluesofkungfu,actually,areinthe

mindsofallChinesepeople.

24.WhatdoesParagraph2reallywanttotellus?

A.Thecharacter"ge"means“tostop”

B.Kungfuisthe“artofnon-violence^^

C.Thecharacter"wu"consistsoftwocharacters

D.MartialartsinChinesemeansthe"artoffighting,,

25.HowdidBrahmmanagetogettheideaofkungfU'svalues?

A.HevisitedtheShaolinTemplein1981

B.Hetrainedinmanydifferentstylesovertheyears

C.HismastertoldhimaboutitwhenhewasinHawaii

D.Hejoinedhisknowledgeandhisexperiencetogether

26.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordcanbestdescribeBrahm?

A.DeterminedB.EnergeticC.ConfidentD.Friendly

C

Peopleeatmorewhentheyaregluedtothetelevision.andthemoreentertainingtheprogramis,themoretheyeat,

accordingtoanewresearch.

Itseemsthatdistracted（分心的）brainsdonotnoticewhatthemouthisdoing,saidDr.AlanHirsch,neurological

directoroftheSmellandTasteTreatmentandResearchFoundationinChicago.

Hirschexploredtheimpactofsmell,tasteandeatingbehaviorswhilewatchingTVbymeasuringpotatochip

consumption.Forty-fivevolunteersateasmanychipsastheywantedeverysixminuteswhiletheywatchedmonologues

bylate-nighttalkshowhostsDavidLettermanandJayLeno.Theywerestillgivenchipstoeatwhenthetelevisionwas

off.Hirschfoundpeopleateanaverageof44percentmorechipswhilewatchingLettermanand42percentmorewhile

viewingLeno,thanwhentheydidnotwatchTV.

Ifyouconcentrateonhowthefoodtastes,you'lleatlessbecauseyou'Hfeelfullfaster,"Hirschsaidinaninterviewat

theEndocrineSociety'sannualmeetinginToronto.Soifthat'sthecase,let'slookattheopposite.Whatifyou'redistracted?

Ifyou'redistracted,intheory,thenyou'deatmore.”

Throughhisresearchatthefoundation,Hirschhashelpedpeopleovercomethelossofsenseofsmellandsenseof

taste.whichtypicallyresultsinweightgainbecausethebraindoesnotknowwhenitshouldstopeating.

Theventromedialnucleus（腹内侧核）inthehypothalamus（下丘脑）,wheretheso-calledsatiety（饱腹感）

centerislocated,tellsthebodywhetheritishungryorfull.Itisinhibitedortricked,theresultcanbechangesineating

patterns,hesaid.

Peoplewhocookspaghettialldaydon'tfeellikeeatingspaghettiattheendoftheday,nsaidHirsch/Bybeing

exposedtoasmellalldaylongit'strickingthehypothalamus."

Volunteerswereaskedtoconcentrateonthesensorycharacteristicsofthefoodsuchastasteandsmell.Researchers

saythesesensoryclues,inadditiontoinnerbodychanges,marksatiety.

Butwhendistracted.apersondoesnotpayattentiontoeitherthebody'ssensationsoffeelingfull,ortothesensory

characteristicsofthefood.

Manystudieshavelinkedbeingfattowatchingtelevisionandthatlinkislikelyduetoinactivity,Hirschsaid.But

perhapsentertainingshowsarealsocontributing.

nIfyouwanttoloseweight,turnoffthetelevisionorwatchsomethingboring,"hesaid.

27.WhenHirschconductedtheresearch,he

A.evaluatedthedegreeofthevolunteers'lossoftaste

B.measuredtheamountofthechipsthevolunteersate

C.analyzedthevolunteers'preferenceonTVprograms

D.countedtheminutesthevolunteersspentonTVprograms

28.Accordingtotheresearch,whenwillyoufeelfullfaster?

A.Whenwearedistracted.

B.Whenwefocusonhowthefoodtastes.

C.Whenwearewatchingentertainingprograms.

D.Whenthebraindoesn'tknowwhenitshouldstopeating.

29.Whydoestheauthormention"Peoplewhocookspaghettialldaydon'tfeellikeeatingitattheendoftheday"?

A.Ittellsusthateatingspaghettiisinhabited.

B.Itindicatesthatspaghettidoesn'ttastegoodattheendoftheday.

C.Ittellsusthatpeoplewhocookspaghettidon*likeeatingspaghetti.

D.Itshowsthatsmellis"telling'*thehypothalamusthatthebodyisfull.

30.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?

A.Toprovethatbeingfatislinkedtoinactivity.

B.TorevealtherelationshipbetweenTVprogramsandeatingbehaviors.

C.toexplainwhywatchingtelevisionmakespeopleeatmoreandgainweight.

D.Tofindhowsensorycharacteristicsofthefoodaffectspeople'sfeelingsofeating.

D

Ourelectronicdevicestodaystoreanawfullotofpersonalinformation.Weusethedevicestoreadandsende-mails,

checkbankbalances,andevenpayourbillsovertheinternet.Wewanttobeassuredthatifourdevicesarestolen.our

personalinformationstoredinsidethemwillremainsafefromthethiefwhophysicallypossessesthedevice.

Todealwiththisproblem.ApplehascomeoutwithanewiPhonethatusesbiometric（生物识另的）informationto

lockitselfup.Thephonehasafingerprintscannerthatwilllockorunlockthephone.Yourfingerprintbecomesthekey,

andthismakesitnearlyimpossibleforotherstouseyourphonewithoutyourimmediatepermission——ordoesit?

Atfirstlook,onewouldthinkthatthistypeofsecuritywouldbewelcomeinthehigh-techcommunitywhereprivacy

isvalued.Instead,somepeopleareevenmoreworriedabouttheirprivacy.Accordingtorevealeddocuments,theUS

NationalSecurityAgencyisabletoslipintosmartphones,whiletheagencycanalsolegallyforcecompaniestoturnover

customers*personalinformation.Ifthisistrue,thefingerprintscanneronyoursmartphonemightbecomeatoolforthe

authoritiestocollectyourfingerprintdata.

Anotherproblemwithusingbiometricstosecuredevicesisthatpeopledon'tknowhowsecurethesystemsactually

are.Germany'sChaosComputerClubclaimedtohaveslippedintoabiometricallysecurediPhonewithindaysofthe

device'sreleasetothepublic.Ifthisisthecase,peoplewhoareusingthistypeofsecurityaremuchmorevulnerablethan

theyareledtobelieve.Althoughmostsecuritysystemsarehackedbysomeoneeventually,thespeedatwhichbiometric

securitywashackedwasveryupsettosome.

Regardlessofhowadeviceissecured,thedebateisstillattributestothetrade-offbetweenprivacyandsecurity.

Governmentssometimesneedtolookatlargeamountsofinformationinordertodefeatterroristsecretplans,and

necessarily,someofthedatacomefromyouandme.WhenweuseiPhonesandotherdevices,welosetheabilityto

safeguardinformationthatwewouldratherkeepprivate,andweareforcedtoputtrustinothers.

Itwillalwaysbedifficulttostrikeabalancebetweenprivacyandsecuritywithgrowingchangingtechnology.

Nevertheless,onethingiscrystalclear:weallhavetosacrificesomeofourprivacyinordertohavesecurityforthe

public.

31.Whydopeoplewanttobeassuredthattheirelectronicdeviceswon'tbestolen?

A.Becausepeopledependtoomuchonit

B.Becauseelectronicdevicesarenecessaryintheworkplace

C.Becauseelectronicdevicesaregettingmoreandmoreexpensive

D.Becausethereistoomuchpersonalinformationintheirelectronicdevices

32.TheexampleoftheUSNationalSecurityAgencyaimstotellus

A.Thebiometricdevicesarefullysafe

B.Companieskeepusers'personalinformationsafe

C.Thebiometricdeviceswillbethepopularwaytoensureourprivacy

D.Theauthoritiesmaydrivecompaniestoturninusers'fingerprintdata

33.TheunderlinewordinParagraph4means

A.stableB.insecureC.reliableD.difficult

34.Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthat

A.thegovernmentwilleventuallyknoweverythingaboutus

B.Itisimpossibletoknowwhocanbetrustedinthistechnologicalworld

C.Itisnecessarytogiveupacertainamountofprivacyforthesakeofsecurity

D.Veryfewpeoplearewillingtousefingerprintsecurityontheirnewphones

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Healthyeating,likemanythings,doesn'thavetobeanall-or-nothingenterprise.Ifyou*relookingtoeathealthier,

hereareafewsimplethingsyoucandothatdon'tinvolveanextremediet.

Figureouttheproblem.

It'simportanttoknowwhatyou'retryingtofix.Youwouldjustfirstofallgettotherootoftheproblemandseewhat

themainobstaclesare._35_Ifyoudecidethatyouspendtoomuchtimemindlesslysnacking,maybeit'sbecauseyour

mealsaren'tfillingenough,oryouneedmorenutritionally-balancedsnacksaround.

Startsmall,

Makeoneortwochangestoyourdailyroutineandseehowthatgoes.Ifit'sdoableandsustainable,tryadding

anotherchangeandseehowthatfeels._36_Ifthehabityouaredevelopingiscustomized（定制）tcyou,toyourlifestyle,

tohowyoufeelandtoyourreality,itwillbeeasyforyoutorepeatitandtomakeitahabit.

____37______

Wehavebecomeincreasinglydependentuponprocessedandconvenientrestaurantmeals.Ourtastebuds（味蕾）can

cometolongforthesehigh-fat,high-saltfood.Cookingmoreoftencanoftenimproveyourdietaryqualityanddecrease

yourrelianceuponthesefoods.

Addsomefibre.

Manyofusfeel"fullandenergized"afterahigh-fibremealorsnack.Rememberthatfibrefillsusuponfew

calories.___38High-fibredietshavebeenlinkedtoarangeofhealthbenefits,includingprotectingagainstdisease.

Weshouldchoosewholegrains,andaddchiaseedstothingslikecerealoryogurttoboosttheirfibrecontent.

Usesmallerplates.

Usingsmallerplatesatmealtimeisaneasythingtodothatcanbringusbigbenefits._39_Makesurethathalfyour

plateiscoveredinfruitsorveggies.

Makeacommitmenttofocusonlife-longbehaviourchangeusingstrategiesthatarehealthy,enjoyableandtherefore

sustainable.

A.Cookmoreathome.

B.Relyonrestaurantmeals.

C.It'saboutbuildingnewhabits.

D.Then,youcanlookatthecause.

E.Youcanturntoyourfriendsfbrhelpifnecessary.

F.Itslowsdigestion,lowerscholesterol（月且固醇）andstabilizesbloodsugars.

G.Thiswillhelptocontrolportion（食物的—份）sizessothatyoucanbeamoremindfuleater.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（12分）

阅读表达（共4小题;第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据题目要

求回答问题。

EACHDECEMBER,theOxfordEnglishDictionary（OED）nominates（提名）aworddescribetheyearwhichhad

justpassed.In2O19.theOEDneededtwowords;climateemergency.For2020,therewasanotherkindof

emergency-COVID-19-butthistimeheOEDneededfortywordstodescribeit.Yes,2020hasbeenaveryunusual

yearthathasn'tbeeneasytodescribe.

TwooftheobviouswordstheOEDhassuggestedhavebeen"pandemic'*and"lockdown”.Theformerappeared,of

course,