大气污染成致癌原因

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在中国，城市笼罩在浓重雾霾里成了司空见惯的情景。世界卫生组织的国际癌症研究机构将大气污染归为致癌物。据称，有“充分证据”证实，暴露在大气污染下的户外的人会患肺癌，而且还会增加患膀胱癌的风险。

Cityscapesshrouded①inthicksmoghavebecomeacommonsceneinChina.Lastwinter，Beijing’s“airpocalypse”garnered②headlinesworldwideandgeneratedmuchangeranddebatewithinChina.Butthisweek，airpollutionlevelsinthenortheasterncityofHarbinsurpassedthepreviousrecordlevelsinBeijing.ThecitywasessentiallyshutdownafterPM2.5，fineparticulatepollutionthatisconsideredhazardous，reachedlevelsof1，000microgramspercubicmetre—40timesthesafetylevelrecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.Schools，motorwaysandanairportwereclosedonTuesdayasvisibilityinsomeareasofthecitydroppedtolessthan10metres.

Beforesomedays，theWorldHealthOrganization’sInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer（IARC）classifiedairpollutionascarcinogenic③.Itstatedthatthereis“sufficientevidence”thatexposuretooutdoorairpollutioncauseslungcancerandalsolinkeditwithanincreasedriskofbladdercancer.Itsaidthatexposurehasincreasedsignificantlyparticularlyin“industrialcountrieswithlargepopulations”suchasChina.“Theairwebreathhasbecomepollutedwithamixtureofcancer-causingsubstances，”KurtStraif，headoftheIARCMonographsSectionsaidinapressreleased.“Wenowknowthatoutdoorairpollutionisnotonlyamajorrisktohealthingeneral，butalsoaleadingenvironmentalcauseofcancerdeaths.”

Thesefindings，whiletheyshowChina’sairpollutionproblem，donotcomeasashocktoChineseresidents.Increasinglythehealthimplicationsofpollutionhavebeendiscussedonlineinlocalmedia.OntheChinesesocialmediasiteWeibo，manyuserscomplainedaboutthepollutioninHarbinandsharedtheirconcerns.China’ssmoghasalreadybeenwidelylinkedtorespiratory④illnessesandaccordingtothestatenewsagencyXinhua，medicalexpertswarnedthattherewillbeanincreaseinthenumberofpeopleneedingtreatmentafterthehighlevelsinHarbin.EarlierthisyearitwasannouncedthatcanceristheleadingcauseofdeathinthecapitalBeijing.WhileinShanghaiitwasreportedthatthenumberofcasesoftumorshadrisen.AccordingtofiguresfromtheHealthandFamilyPlanningCommission36，000peopleinthecitydieofcancerayear，andpartsofcancerscomefromairpollution.

Notes：

①shroudvt.覆盖

②garnervt.获得；积累

③carcinogenicadj.致癌物（质）的

④respiratoryadj.呼吸的

1.Thetextmainlytellsus____.

A.nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplegetcancers

B.airpollutioncancausecancer

C.Harbin’sairpollutionisveryserious

D.howtopreventcancersthatcancausedeaths

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“visibility”inparagraphonemean？

A.definitionB.forgettable

C.applicationD.revision

3.Whichofthefollowingswillbethebesttitleforthetext？

A.Airpollutioncancerlinkconfirmed

B.Airpollutionandit’sdangerous

C.Whatisairpollution

D.China’sairpollutionbecomesmoreandmoreserious

4.Thetextcomesfroma_____.

A.newsreportB.novel

C.magazineD.film

答案与解析：

1.答案为B。主旨大意题。从文章第二段的第一句可知空气污染和癌症的关系。选项C只是文章的表象。

2.答案为A。词义猜测题。由第一段的最后一句可知visibility意为“能见度”，四个选项中只有definition有“清晰度”的意思，因此选A。

3.答案为A。标题概括题。全文都在说空气污染和癌症之间的关系，由第二段可知，已有证据证明空气污染也是导致癌症的原因。

4.答案为A。文章来源题。由第一段的第一句，我们可知是新闻的导语，所以答案为A。

【长难句分析】

1.Itstatedthatthereis“sufficientevidence”thatexposuretooutdoorairpollutioncauseslungcancerandalsolinkeditwithanincreasedriskofbladdercancer.

分析：本句是一个复合句，主语从句中含有一个同位语从句thatexposuretooutdoorairpollutioncauseslungcancerandalsolinkeditwithanincreasedriskofbladdercancer。it为形式主语，真正的主语是第一个that后的从句。

句意：据称，有“充分证据”证实，暴露在大气污染下的户外的人会患肺癌，而且还会增加患膀胱癌的风险。

2.Wenowknowthatoutdoorairpollutionisnotonlyamajorrisktohealthingeneral，butalsoaleadingenvironmentalcauseofcancerdeaths.

分析：本句是宾语从句，从句中使用了notonly...butalso。当notonly置于句首时，句子要倒装。如：Notonlydoestelevisionappealtothosewhocanreadbuttothosewhocan’t.电视不仅吸引阅读的人，而且吸引了不会阅读的人。

句意：我们现在知道，一般来说，室外空气污染不仅是一个重大健康风险，也是一种癌症死亡的首要环境因素。

【语法点拨】

WhileinShanghaiitwasreportedthatthenumberofcasesoftumorshadrisen.

句意：然而在上海，据报道肿瘤病例的数量也已经上升了。

分析：本句是主语从句。it是形式主语，真正的主语是thatthenumberofcasesoftumorshadrisen。这里我们重点关注while的用法。在本句中while是“然而”的意思。while是高考的常考点，用法如下：

表示“在……期间，当……时候”，指一段时间，不能用来表示时间