2023学年完整公开课版《Module4SandstormsinAsia（Grammar）》教学

Module4SandstormsinAsiaGrammar1&2

Grammar1不定式的用法不定式的句法功能1.作主语:往往放在谓语动词之后,用it作形式主语。

e.g:

Toseeistobelieve.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking._____withhimisagreatpleasure.A.TotalkB.TalkC.TalkedD.Totalking本题考察动词不定式做主语的情况,动词不定式做主语,谓语动词用单数形式,其他三项都不能用来做主语。本句的意思是:跟他聊天是件很快乐的事。A2.作宾语:作宾语时如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式放在补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。

e.g.:

Hewantedtogo.IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.

Ididn’t________ituntilyouhadexplainedhow.A.managetodoB.managedtodoC.managetohavedoneD.managedoing本句的意思是：直到你解释了如何去做我才能做到成功。manage后面用todo形式作宾语。A3.做宾语补足语

e.g.:

Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.

在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。Thegovernmentcallsonus_______ourproduction.A.IncreasedB.increasingC.IncreaseD.toincrease本句意思是:政府号召我们增加生产。本题考察动词不定式做宾语补足语,通常用语及物动词和一些动词短语之后。如:wantsbtodo,wishsbtodo,asksbtodo.

D不定式作宾语补足语省略to的情况有下列口诀：一感二听三让五看半帮助。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带上toe.g.:Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.4.

作定语Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.当作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时,不定式后面必须有相应的介词。e.g.：Heislookingforaroomtolivein.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式即可以用主动语态,也可以用被动语态。但含义有所不同。试比较：Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要（自己）寄吗？Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么东西要（我或别人）寄吗？Atlast,theyfoundahouse_________.A.toleavehisthingswithB.toleavehisthingsinC.leavinghisthingsinD.leavinghisthings本句的意思是：最后他们终于找到了一间可以存放东西的屋子。当动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点,工具等时,不定式后面应有必要的介词。B5.作状语,表示目的,原因,结果或条件。

e.g.:IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcitedtofindnobodythere.Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.目的原因结果条件6.作表语

e.g.:Myjobistohelpthepatient.

注意：主、表都是不定式,前者为条件,后者为目的或结果。

Tolearnalanguageistouseit.Mychiefpurposeis_______thedifficultiesofthematter.A.pointingoutB.tobepointedC.pointedD.topointout本句的意思是:我的主要目的是指出问题的难处。考查动词不定式做表语的情况。Pointout是“指出”的意思。D

1.Therearefivepairs____,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosen

B.tochoosefromC.tochoose

D.forchoosingExercises:B2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.A.expected

B.toexpectC.tobeexpecting

D.expectsB3.___lateintheafternoon.Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.Tosleep

B.SleepingC.Sleep

D.HavingsleepA4.Withalotofproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settled

B.settlingC.tosettle

D.beingsettledC5.Herwishis______adoctor.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcomeC1.不定式的一般形式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或是在它之后发生。

e.g:Isawhimgoout.不定式的时态和语态2.如果谓语表示的动作发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行,这时要用进行时。

e.g:Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.3.如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前,就要用完成时。

e.g:I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.4.当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式。

e.g:Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.1.Tom____whentheyspokeillofhim.A.happenedtobepassedB.happenedtobepassingbyC.happenedpassingbyD.happenedtopassed

ExerciseB2.Alltheroomsinthehouserequire______.A.beingcleanedB.tocleanC.cleaningD.cleanedC3.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only___thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldBFillinbalnkswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Itisfrightening____________(walk)intheroadinasandstorm.IhopeIwouldreachhomesoon.2.Expertshope_______(learn)moreaboutthemovementofsandstorms.tobewalkingtolearn

Exercises3.I’dlike_______________(tell)aboutthesituationbeforenow.4.Theworkneeds__________________________(complete)bytheendoftheweek.5.Myfatherwasoutofthecitywhenthesandstormcame.Hewasveryglad_____________(miss)it.tohavebeentold

tobecompleted/tohavemissed

completing6.Thebuildinghas_____________(finish)bytheendoftheyear.7.______(see)arealsandstormwasveryfrightening.tobefinished

Tosee

Grammar21.不定式在介词but,except,besides,otherthan后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do(非助动词)的各种形式时,那么这些介词后面的不定式不带to,否定带to。but+不定式的用法e.g.:Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttowait.Therewasnothingformetodo

otherthanwaituntilthemeetingwasover.IhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.2.当句子的谓语动词是can’t,can’thelp,can’tchoose等结构时,but,except,besides后的不定式to也省略。

E.g.:Wecan’tbutadmirehisbravery.Wecan’tchoosebutwait。

SheissuchalovelygirlthatIcan’thelpbutloveher.注意:

but作“除了……以外”解时,若前面部分有do,did,done时,but之后接dosth.反之,后接todosth.Hecandonothingbutwait.Hewantednothingbuttoplayinthepark.1.Sandycoulddonothingbut_____tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmitExercisesA2.---Howdidyouspendyourweekend,Jone?---Ididn’tfindanythinginterestingforme___somewashingformymother.A.butdidB.butdoC.butdoingD.buttodoD3.Thestudentsdidnothingexcept____alldaylong.A.playedB.playingC.playD.toplayC

Ican’thelp/buthopethattheywillsucceed.2.Ican’thelpbutthink/tothinkthatitwasamistake.3.Ican’tchose/choosebutdoit.Underlinethecorrectanswer.

Hedoesnothingbutcomplaining/complain.5.Ican’thelpbuttolove/loveher.6.Theworkersdonothing/notbutdrinkteaandtalktoeachother.高考链接

(2003年上海卷43小题)An

army

spokesmanstressed

that

all

the

soldiers

had

been

ordered________

clear

warnings

before

firing

anyshots.A.

to

issueB.

being

issuedC.

to

have

issuedD.

to

be

issued题意：军方发言人强调说：所有的士兵都接到命令，在开枪射击之前要发出鸣枪警告。本题考查的是order

to

do

sth的不定式作宾语的用法。句子本身较长，要会分析出句子的大致成分及语法关系，才能正确做出判断。正确答案为B。B2.(2003年北京卷21小题)The

teacher

asked

us________

so

much

noise

.

A.

don’t

makeB.

not

makeC.

not

makingD.

not

to

make题意：老师让我们不要弄出太大噪音。本题考查不定式用法，在动词ask后面不定