PVsyst-Tutorials-V7-Grid-Connected英文操作手册

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PVsystSA-RoutedelaMaison-Carrée30-1242Satigny-Switzerland

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INTRODUCTION

ThisdocumentisafirststepofaseriesoftutorialswhichexplaintheuseofPVsystVersion7andmaybeunderstoodasaPVsystuser'smanual.Itcontainsthreedifferenttutorialsdescribingthebasicaspectsofthesimulation:

Creationofagrid-connectedproject

Constructionanduseof3Dshadingsscenes

MeteorologicaldatainPVsyst

Moretutorialsareinpreparationandwillbeaddedinthefuture.TheywillexplaininmoredetailthedifferentfeaturesofPVsyst.ThecompletereferencemanualforPVsystistheonlinehelp,whichisaccessiblefromtheprogram

throughthe“Help”entriesinthemenus,bypressingtheF1keyorbyclicking

onthehelpicons insidethewindowsanddialogs.

Contents

INTRODUCTION 2

Contents 3

Part1:BasicApproach-MyFirstProject 4

FirstcontactwithPVsyst 4

Fullstudyofasampleproject 5

SavingtheProject 9

Executingthefirstsimulation 13

Addingfurtherdetailstoyourproject 18

Part2:3DNearShadingsConstructionBasics 32

Definingthe3Dscene: 33

Usethe3Dsceneinthesimulation 54

Part3:MeteorologicalDataManagement 60

Introduction 60

Geographicalsites 63

Syntheticdatageneration 68

Meteotablesandgraphs 70

ImportingMeteodatafrompredefinedsources 74

ImportingMeteodatafromcustomfile 77

Part4:ComponentsManagement 87

PVModulesdefinitioninPvsyst 87

InverterdefinitioninPvsyst 92

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Part1:BasicApproach-MyFirstProject

FirstcontactwithPVsyst

WhenopeningPVsystyougettothemainpage:

Thisgivesaccesstothefourmainpartsoftheprogram:

“Projectdesignandsimulation”isthemainpartofthesoftwareandisusedforthecompletestudyofaproject.Itinvolvesthechoiceofmeteorologicaldata,systemdesign,shadingstudies,lossesdetermination,andeconomicevaluation.Thesimulationisperformedoverafullyearinhourlystepsandprovidesacompletereportandmanyadditionalresults.

“Recentprojects”allowsyoutoquicklyfindandmodifyyourrecentprojects

“Documentation”willhelpyouintherealizationofyourdifferentsimulationswiththehelpofPDF

tutorials,VideosandaFAQ.

“PvsystuserWorkspace”containsalldatacreatedbytheuser.ThedefaultplaceisC:\Users\<username>\Pvsyst7.0_Databutthiscanbechangedbytheuser

Fullstudyofasampleproject

Projectspecificationsandgeneralprocedure

ForanintroductiontothedevelopmentofaprojectdesigninPVsyst,wewillwalkthroughafullprojectstep-by-step.Asanexample,wewillconsiderafarmlocatedinSwitzerlandclosetoGeneva.Thebuildinginquestionisshownonthefollowingsketch:

H=5m

Suttouscôtés:avant-toitsde0.5M

10m

D=6mH=12m

Elévation: Pentetoiture25°

10m

8m

20°

N

35m

10m

35m

Theroofofthefarmisfacingsouth.Aroofsurfaceof125m2isavailable,andweplantocover50m2ofthemwithmono-crystallinePVmodules.

Asexplainedbefore,wewillnotusethe“PreliminaryDesign”foragrid-connectedproject,butrather

startthecomplete“Projectdesign”.

Whenyouchoose"Gridconnected"project,youwillgetthefollowingdashboardforthemanagementofaproject:

Thedashboardhastwoparts:TheProjectbasicdefinitionsandtheSystemvariantmanagement.

The‘Project’inPVsyst,isjustacentralobjectforwhichyouwillconstructdifferentvariants(alsocalledsystemconfigurationsorcalculationvariants)ofyoursystem.TheProjectcontainsthegeographicalsiteofyoursystem,thereferencetoafilewiththemeteorologicaldata,andsomegeneralparametersliketheAlbedodefinition,somesizingconditionsandparametersspecifictothisproject.InthePVsystworkspaceitwillgetafilenamewiththeextension*.PRJ.

EachSystemVariantcontainsallthedetaileddefinitionsofyoursystem,whichwillresultinasimulationcalculation.Thesedefinitionsincludethechoiceofsolarpanelsandinverters,thenumberofpanelsandinverters,geometricallayoutandpossibleshadings,electricalconnections,differenteconomicscenarios,etc.Inthedatabase,thefileswiththeVariantsofaprojectwillhavetheProject'sfilename,withextensionsVC0,VC1,VCA,etc.Youcandefineupto936Variantsperproject.

Stepsinthedevelopmentofaproject

WhendevelopingaprojectinPVsyst,youareadvisedtoproceedinsmallincrementalsteps:

Createaprojectbyspecifyingthegeographicallocationandthemeteorologicaldata.

Defineabasicsystemvariant,includingonlytheorientationofthePVmodules,therequiredpoweroravailableareaandthetypeofPVmodulesandinvertersthatyouwouldliketouse.PVsystwillproposeabasicconfigurationforthischoiceandsetreasonabledefaultvaluesforallparametersthatarerequiredforafirstcalculation.Thenyoucansimulatethisvariantandsaveit.Itwillbethefirstroughapproximationthatwillberefinedinsuccessiveiterations.

Definesuccessivevariantsbyprogressivelyaddingperturbationstothisfirstsystem,e.g.,farshadings,nearshadings,specificlossparameters,economicevaluation,etc.Youshouldsimulateandsaveeachvariantsothatyoucancomparethemandunderstandtheimpactofallthedetailsyouareaddingtothesimulation.

Tips-Help

InPVsyst,youcanalwaysgettothecontextHelpbypressingF1.Sometimesyouwillalsoseelittlebluequestionmarkbuttons.ClickingonthemwillleadtomoredetailedinformationonthetopicintheHelpsection.

WhenPVsystdisplaysmessagesinred,youareadvisedtocarefullyreadthem!Theymaybeeitherwarningsorerrormessages,ortheycanbeproceduresthatshouldbefollowedtogetacorrectresult.

DefiningtheProject

Intheprojectdashboardclickon«Newproject»anddefinetheproject'sname.Thenclickon“SiteandMeteo”.

Youcaneitherchooseasitefromthebuilt-indatabase,whichholdsaround2,550sitesfromMeteonorm,oryoucandefineanewsitethatcanbelocatedanywhereontheglobe.Pleaserefertothe

tutorial“MeteorologicalDatamanagement"ifyouwanttocreateorimportasiteotherthanthoseavailableinthedatabase.

Theproject’ssitedefinesthecoordinates(Latitude,Longitude,AltitudeandTimezone),andcontainsmonthlymeteorologicaldata.

ThesimulationwillbebasedonaMeteofilewithhourlydata.Ifanearmeteofileexistsinthevicinity(lessthan20km),itwillbeproposed.OtherwisePVsystwillcreateasynthetichourlydatasetbasedonthemonthlymeteovaluesofyoursite.However,youcanalwayschooseanotherMeteofileinthedatabase.Awarningwillbeissuedifitistoofarfromyoursite.

NB:Ifyoustartbychoosingameteofile,youhavethepossibilityofcopyingthesiteassociatedwiththisfiletotheProject'ssite.

Intheprojectdashboardyoucanclickonthebutton"Projectsettings"whichwillgiveyouaccesstothecommonprojectparameters,namelythealbedovalues,thedesignconditions,designlimitationsandinterfacepreferences.

Usuallyyouwillnevermodifythealbedofactor.Thevalueof0.2isastandardadoptedbymostpeople.Nevertheless,ifforexampleyoursiteislocatedinthemountains,youcandefineinthistableahigheralbedofactorlike0.8forthemonthswithsignificantsnowcover.

Thesecondtabintheprojectparametersdialogcontainsthe"DesignConditions"page.

Thispagedefinessizingtemperatures,whichmaybesite-dependent.Theseareonlyusedduringthesizingofyoursystem;theyarenotinvolvedinthesimulation.

The"LowertemperatureforAbsoluteVoltageLimit"isanimportantsite-dependentvalue,asitisrelatedtothesafetyofyoursystem(itdeterminesthemaximumarrayvoltageinanyconditions).Ideally,itshouldbetheminimumtemperatureevermeasuredduringdaylightatthislocation.InCentralEuropethecommonpracticeistochoose-10°C(lowerinmountainclimates).

SavingtheProject

Whenyouarefinished(i.e.youhavegonetotheVariantchoices),youwillbepromptedtosavetheproject.Thedialogthatcomesupallowsyoutorenametheproject.Werecommendthatyouuseasimplefilename,sinceitwillbeusedasalabelforalltheVariants.

Creatingthefirst(basic)variantforthisproject

Afterhavingdefinedthesiteandthemeteorologicalinputoftheproject,youcanproceedtocreatethefirstVariant.Youwillnotice,thatinthebeginningthereare2buttonsmarkedinred:“Orientation”and“System”.Theredcolormeansthatthisvariantoftheprojectisnotyetreadyforthesimulation,additionalinputisrequired.Thebasicparametersthathavetobedefinedforanyvariant,andthatwehavenotspecifiedyet,aretheorientationofthesolarpanels,thetypeandnumberofPVmodulesandthetypeandnumberofinvertersthatwillbeused.

First,clickon"Orientation".Youwillgettheorientationdialogwhereyouhavetosupplyvaluesforthetypeoffieldforthesolarinstallationandtiltandazimuthangles.

Thesolarpanelsinourexamplewillbeinstalledonafixedtiltedplane.Fromtheproject'sdrawing(page

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)wegetthePlaneTiltandAzimuthangles(25°and20°westrespectively).TheazimuthisdefinedastheanglebetweentheSouthdirectionandthedirectionwherethepanelsarefacing.Anglestothewestarecountedpositive,whileanglestotheeastarecountednegative.

Aftersettingthecorrectvaluesfortiltandazimuth,youclickon"OK"andthe“Orientation”buttonwill

turngreen.Nextclickon"System".

PresizingHelp

Fromthesystemdescription,werememberthatwehaveanavailableareaofaround50m².Itisnotmandatorytodefineavaluehere,butdoingsowillsimplifyourfirstapproachasitwillallowPVsysttoproposeasuitableconfiguration.

SelectaPVmodule

ChooseaPVmoduleinthedatabase.Among"Allmodules",select"Generic"asmanufacturerandselectthe300Wmodel.InthebottomrightpartofthedialogPVsystwilldisplayahintforchoosingtheinverter:"PleasechoosetheInvertermodel,thetotalpowershouldbe7kWormore."

SelecttheInverter

Fortheinstallationinourexamplewecanchooseamonophasedinverterofaround7kW.WechoosetheGeneric7.5kWinverter,andPVsystproposesacompleteconfigurationforthesystem:1inverter,2strings,eachwith15modulesconnectedinseries.

Afterthemoduletype,theinverterandthedesignofthearrayhavebeendefined,thebluepanelinthebottomrightpartofthedialogshouldbeeitheremptyororange.Ifyougetarederrormessage,checkallchoicesyoumadeandcorrectthemtothevaluesdescribedabove(itmaytakeashortmomentforthemessagetoadapttothechangesyoumake).

Wehavenowdefinedallmandatoryelementsthatareneededforafirstsimulation.Wewillgothroughmoredetailsofthisveryimportantdialoglaterinthistutorial.Fornow,youcanclickon"OK"tovalidatethechoices.Youwillgetamessageboxwiththewarning:“Theinverterpowerisslightlyundersized”.

ForthetimebeingwewillignoreitandjustacknowledgewiththeOKbutton.

MessagecolorsinPVsyst

InmanyofthePVsystdialogsyouwillbepromptedwithmessagesthataremeanttoguideyouthroughthedifferentstepsofthedefinitionandexecutionofasimulation.Thecolorofthetextgivesyouaclueonhowimportantthemessageis:

Messagesinblackareadditionalinformationorinstructionsonhowtoproceed.

Warningsinorangeindicatedesignimperfections,butthesystemisstillacceptable.

Errorsinredmeanseriousmistakes,whichwillpreventtheexecutionofthesimulation.

Asimilarcolorcodeisalsovalidforthebuttonsontheproject'sdashboard(inadditionagreyed-outbuttonmeans“hasnotbeendefined”).

Executingthefirstsimulation

OntheProject'sdashboard,allbuttonsarenowgreen(possiblyorange)orOff.The"RunSimulation"buttonisactivated,andwecanclickonit.

Thesimulationdatesarethoseoftheunderlyingmeteodatafile.Don'tmodifythem(youcannotperformasimulationoutsideoftheavailablemeteodata).

Thepreliminarydefinitionsareadditionalfeatureswhichmaybedefinedforadvancedpurposes.Wewillskipthemfornow,andclickrightawayon“Simulation”.

Aprogressbarwillappear,indicatinghowmuchofthesimulationisstilltobeperformed.Uponcompletion,the"OK"buttonwillgetactive.Whenyouclickonit,youwillgetdirectlytothe"Results"dialog.

Analyzingtheresults

Thisdialogshowsonthetopashortsummaryofthesimulationparametersthatyoushouldquicklychecktomakesurethatyoumadenoobviousmistakeintheinputparameters.Totherightisaframewithsixvaluesthatsummarizeatoneglancethemainresultsofthesimulation.Theyonlygiveaverycoarsepictureoftheresultsandaretheretoquicklyspotobviousmistakesortogetafirstimpressionofachangeoracomparisonbetweenvariantsoftheproject.

Inthebottompartofthedialogyouwillseeseveraldiagrams,whichgivesyoualreadymoredetailedinformationaboutthegeneralbehaviorofthesystem.The"DailyInput/Outputdiagram"displaysforeverydaythatwassimulated,theenergythatwasinjectedtothegridasafunctionoftheglobalincidentirradiationinthecollectorplane.Forawelldimensionedgrid-connectedsystem,thisshouldberoughlyastraightlinethatslightlysaturatesforlargeirradiationvalues.Thisslightcurvatureisatemperatureeffect.Ifsomepoints(days)deviateathighirradiances,thisisanindicationofoverloadconditions.Forstand-alonesystems,aplateauindicatesoverload(fullbattery)operation.

Themaininformationofthesimulationresultsisgatheredinthereport.Theotherbuttonsgiveaccesstocomplementarytablesandgraphsforadeeperanalysisofthesimulationresults.Fornowwewillignorethem.Whenyouclickon youwillgetthecompletereport,whichforthisfirstsimple

variantconsistsofonlythreepages(forsimulationswithmoredetailyoucangetupto11pagesofreport).Inthisreportyouwillfind:

Firstpage:Alltheparametersunderlyingthissimulation:GeographicsituationandMeteodataused,planeorientation,generalinformationaboutshadings(horizonandnearshadings),componentsusedandarrayconfiguration,lossparameters,etc.

Secondpage:Areminderofthemainparameters,andthemainresultsofthesimulation,withamonthlytableandgraphsofnormalizedvalues.

Thirdpage:ThePVsystarrowlossdiagram,showinganenergybalanceandalllossesalongthesystem.Thisisapowerfulindicatorofthequalityofyoursystem,andwillimmediatelyindicatethesizingerrors,iftheyexist.

Analyzingthereport

Secondpage:mainresults

Forourfirstsystem:threerelevantquantitiesarenowdefined:

ProducedEnergy:Thebasicresultofoursimulation.

Specificproduction:TheproducedenergydividedbytheNominalpowerofthearray(PnomatSTC).Thisisanindicatorofthepotentialofthesystem,takingintoaccountirradianceconditions(orientation,sitelocation,meteorologicalconditions).

Performanceratio:Anindicatorofthequalityofthesystemitself,independentlyoftheincomingirradiance.Wewillgiveitsdefinitionbelow.

Thebottomofthesecondpagecontainsatablewiththemainvariables,givenasmonthlyvaluesandtheoverallyearlyvalue.Theyearlyvaluecanbeanaveragelikethetemperature,orasum,liketheirradiationorenergies.Themeaningofthedifferentvariablesisthefollowing:

GlobHor:Globalirradiationinthehorizontalplane.Thisisourmeteoinputvalue.

Tamb: Ambient(dry-bulb)averagetemperature.Thisisalsoourmeteoinputvalue.

GlobInc: Globalirradiationinthecollectorplane,aftertransposition,butwithoutanyopticalcorrections(oftennamedPOAforPlaneofArray).

GlobEff: "Effective"globalirradiationonthecollectors,i.e.afteropticallosses(farandnearshadings,IAM,soilinglosses).

EArray: EnergyproducedbythePVarray(inputoftheinverters).E_Grid: Energyinjectedintothegrid,afterinverterandACwiringlosses.

EffArrR: PVarrayefficiencyEArrayrelatedtotheirradianceontheCollector'stotalarea.EffSysR: SystemefficiencyE_GridrelatedtotheirradianceontheCollector'stotalarea.

Themonthlygraphsonthesecondpageofthereportaregiveninunitscalled«NormalizedPerformanceIndex".Thesevariableshavebeenspecifiedbythe"JointResearchCenter"JRC(Ispra)forastandardizedreportofPVsystemperformance,andtheyarenowdefinedintheinternationalIEC61836norm.ThePVsystonlinehelpcontainsafullexplanationofthesevalues(youcandirectlyaccessthissectionoftheonlinehelpbypressingF1whenyouareonthispageofthereport).Intheseunitsthevaluesareexpressedin[kW/kWp/day]andcontainthefollowinginformation:

Yr ReferenceYieldEnergyproductionifthesystemwerealwaysrunningat"nominal"efficiency,asdefinedbythearrayPnom(nameplatevalue)atSTC.

ThisisnumericallyequivalenttotheGlobIncvalueexpressedin[kWh/m²/day].

Ya Arrayyield EnergyproductionofthearrayYf FinalSystemyield Energytothegrid

Lc =Yr–YaArraycapturelossesLs =Ya–YfSystemlosses

PR =Yf/YrPerformanceRatio=E_Grid/(GlobIncPnom(nameplate))

Thirdpage:arrowlossdiagram

ThisisthePVsystwayofreportingthesystem'sbehavior,withalldetailedlosses.Thisdiagramisveryusefulfortheanalysisofthedesignchoices,andshouldbeusedwhencomparingsystemsorvariantsofthesameproject.

GlobHor Horizontalirradiation(meteovalue):startingpoint.

GlobInc Aftertransposition(referenceforthecalculationofPR,whichincludestheopticallosses).

IAM Theopticallosses.Whenaddingfurtherdetailstoavariant,therewillbeadditionalarrowsforfarandnearshadings,soiling,etc.

GlobEff·Coll.AreaEnergyonthecollectors.

EArrNom ArraynominalenergyatSTC(=GlobEffEffic.nom).

Arraylosses Collectionlosses(irradiance,temperature,mismatch,modulequality,wiring,etc.).EArrMPP ArrayavailableenergyatMPP.

Inverterlosses Efficiencyandeventualoverloadloss(allothersareusuallynull).EOutInv Availableenergyattheoutputoftheinverter.

AClosses Eventualwiring,transformerlossesbetweeninverterandinjectionpoint,unavailability.

EGrid Energyinjectedintothegrid.

Thereportcanbesenttoaprinterorcopiedtotheclipboard.TheseoptionsareaccessiblethroughthePrintbutton.

Hereyoucanselectwhichpartsofthereportshouldbeprintedorcopiedanddefinecommentsthatwillshowupintheheaderofthereport.Withthe“Settings”buttonyoucancustomizeevenmoredetailsfortheheadercommentsandtheclipboardcopyresolution.

Savingthesimulation

Takethehabitto"Save"yourdifferentvariantsforfurthercomparisons.Chooseameaningfultitletoeasilyidentifyyourvariantinthefuture.Thistitlewillbementionedonthereport(itcanalsobedefinedinanearlierstep,forexampleatthetimeofthesimulation).

Thefirstvariantwillbesavedinthefile"DEMO_Residential_Geneva_FirstSimulation.VC0".LaterVariantswillgetthefileendingsVC1,VC2,etc.IfyouwanttocreateanewVariant,makesurethatyouuse"SaveAs"toavoidoverwritingyourpreviousvariants.Toopenprevioussimulationsoftheproject,youjustselectavariantinthedrop-downlist.

Addingfurtherdetailstoyourvariant

Afterthisfirst"standard"simulation,youcanprogressivelyaddthespecificdetailstoyourproject.Youareadvisedtoperformandsaveanewsimulationateachstepinordertocheckitseffectandpertinence-especiallybyanalyzingthe"Lossdiagram".

Farshadings,Horizonprofile

ThehorizonprofileisonlysuitedforshadingobjectsthatarelocatedsufficientlyfarawayfromyourPVsystem,sothattheshadingsmaybeconsideredglobalonyourarray.Thisisthecasewhenthedistancetotheshadingobjectismorethanabout10timesthePVsystemsize.TheHorizonProfileisacurvethatisdefinedbyasetof(Height,Azimuth)points.

TheFarShadingsoperateinanON/OFFmode:i.e.atagiventime,thesunisorisnotpresentonthefield.Whenthesunisbehindthehorizonthebeamcomponentbecomesnull.Theeffectonthediffusecomponentwillbeexplainedbelow.

Clickingthe"Horizon"buttonwillopenagraphofthesunpathsforthesiteoftheproject.

Youcaneitherdefinethehorizonlinemanually.Forthisthevalues(Height,Azimuthsetofpoints)havetoberecordedon-siteusingacompassandaclinometer(measuringtheheightangles),alandsurveyororsomespecificinstrument,photographs,etc.Butyoucanalsoimportahorizonlinethathasbeen

generatedwiththe“SunEye”deviceorsomededicatedsoftwareasexplainedbelow.

Definingahorizonlinebyhand:

Youcanmoveanyoftheredpoints,bydraggingitwiththemouse,ordefineaccuratelyitsvaluesintheeditboxesontheright.Forcreatinganewpointright-clickanywhere.Fordeletingapointright-clickonthepoint.YoucansavethishorizonasafileforfurtheruseinotherPVsystprojects.

Whenyouclickonthe“Read/Import”buttonyouwillgetthe“Horizonprofilereading/importation”dialog.YoucaneitherreadahorizonlinethatyouhavepreviouslysavedinPVsyst,oryoucanimportapredefinedformatfromsourcesexternaltoPVsyst.

ImportingHorizonfromSolmetric"SunEye"instrument

The"SunEye"recordsthehorizonlineusingafisheyecamera,andprovidestheresultinseveralfiles.Youshouldchoosethefilecalled"ObstructionElevation.csv".Donotusethe"Sky0x_PVsyst.hor"file!Thisisanobsoleteformat,whichwascreatedbySolmetricsfortheoldversions4.xxofPVsyst.

NB:Ifnearobjectsarepresentonthepicturestakenbythe“SunEye”,youshouldremovethemfromthedatabyeditingthehorizonlineafterimportingit.

ImportingHorizonfromthe"Carnaval"software

"Carnaval"isageoreferredfreesoftware(includingaltimetrydata),whichisabletocreateahorizonlinestartingfromgeographicalcoordinates-LatitudeandLongitude–ofasite.ItworksonlyforlocationsinFranceanditsneighboringcountries.

NB:Youshouldnotusethe‘nearobjects’optioninthissoftwarewhencreatingthefarshadingsforPVsyst.Carnavalproducesafilenamed“YourProject.masque.txt”.Youwillhavetorenamethisfile,removingthe".masque"characters,asPVsystdoesnotacceptfilenameswith2dotsinthem.

ImportingHorizonfromthe«Horiz'ON"software

The"CameraMaster"toolisaspecialsupportforphotocameras,whichallowstotakeaseriesofpicturesinprecisehorizontalrotationsteps(every20°inazimuth).Thesoftware"Horiz'ON"gathersthesephotographsinasinglepanoramapicture,onwhichyoucandrawthehorizonlinebyusingthemouse.ThesoftwarewillproduceafileformatofthehorizonlinethatisdirectlyreadableinPVsyst.

NB:Whenyouwanttocreateahorizonlinestartingfromageographicallocation(likeinCarnavalorMeteonorm),theexactcoordinatesofyourPVsystemhavetobecarefullydefined.YoumaydeterminethemusingGoogleEarthorwithaGPSinstrument.Keepinmindthatadegreeinlatitudecorrespondsto111km,aminuteto1850mandasecondto31m.Forthelongitudethisisalsovalidforlocationsontheequator.Asyoumoveawayfromtheequatorthesevalueswilldecrease.

Usingthehorizoninthesimulation

Afterdefiningahorizonline,thebuttonintheprojectdashboardwillturnfromgreyed-outtogreen.Ifwenowperformagainasimulationtheshadingofthehorizonwillbetakenintoaccount.Thereportwill

nowhaveanadditionalpage.Onthesecondpageofthereportyouwillfindthehorizondefinitionandthesungraphthatincludesthefarshadingeffect:

Alsothelossdiagramonthelastpageofthereportwillnowincludetheeffectofthefarshadings:

Nearshadings,3Dconstruction

Theconstructionofthenearshadingsisdescribedinthededicatedchapter“3DNearShadingsConstruction”.Thenearshadingstreatment(shadingofnearobjects)requiresafull3DrepresentationofyourPVsystem.Thisismanagedfromthefollowingcentraldialog:

Theconstructionofthe3Dsceneisperformedina3Deditor,whichopenswhenyouclickonthebutton"Construction/Perspective"

Ifyouhavenearshadings,youshouldconstructyourPVinstallationanditssurroundingsasa3Dscene(seethededicatedtutorial).Theinstrumentsdescribedinthefarshadingssection(includingSunEye)arenotusefulforthisconstruction.Thestartingpointshouldbethearchitect'sdrawingsoranythingequivalent,andtheyshouldincludetopologicalinformationtogettheheightoftheobjectsright.

Afterconstructingthe3Drepresentationoftheinstallation,youshouldperformthesimulationinthe“linearshadings”modewhichtakesintoaccountonlytheirradiancedeficit.Thiswillgiveyoualowerboundfortheestimationoftheshadingseffect.Thenyourepeatthesimulationoncemorein"accordingtomodulestrings"mode,whichalsoconsiderselectricaleffectsresultingfromthefactthatthemodulesarearrangedingroups(strings).Themodulesineachofthesestringsareassumedtobe

connectedinseries.Thiswillprovideanupperboundfortheestimationoftheshadinglosses.Forthefinalreportthatwillbesubmittedtoyourcustomer,youchooseanintermediatevaluefortheelectricaleffect,takingtheby-passdioderecoveryintoaccount.Forthis,youhavetochooseanintermediatefractionfortheelectricaleffect,whichwilldependonyoursystemgeometry.Thereisnowell-establishedvaluethatwouldgenerallycoverallpossiblesituations.Aroughestimatewouldbe60to80%(Higherforregularshadingpatternslikesheds).

NB:Thenearshadinglossdoesnotcumulatewiththefarshadings.Whenthesunisbehindthehorizon,thebeamcomponentisnull,andthereforethereisnonearshadingcontribution.

Finallayoutofthesystem

InPVsystthereisnodirectlinkbetweenthedefinitionofthesystem(PVpanelsandinverters),andthedefinitionofyour3Dscene.Butwhenyoudomodificationsineitheroneoftheseparts,theprogramwillcheckiftheyremaincompatible,andissuewarningorerrormessagesifitdetectsanyincoherence.Namelyitwillrequirethattheplaneorientationsareidenticalinthetwoparts,andthatyouhavedefinedasufficientlylargesensitiveareainthe3DsceneforinstallingthePVmodulesdefinedinthesystem.PVsystwillperformthistestonlyonthetotalareas,itwillnotcheckthereal