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PVsystSA-RoutedelaMaison-Carrée30-1242Satigny-Switzerland
PAGE
2
INTRODUCTION
ThisdocumentisafirststepofaseriesoftutorialswhichexplaintheuseofPVsystVersion7andmaybeunderstoodasaPVsystuser'smanual.Itcontainsthreedifferenttutorialsdescribingthebasicaspectsofthesimulation:
Creationofagrid-connectedproject
Constructionanduseof3Dshadingsscenes
MeteorologicaldatainPVsyst
Moretutorialsareinpreparationandwillbeaddedinthefuture.TheywillexplaininmoredetailthedifferentfeaturesofPVsyst.ThecompletereferencemanualforPVsystistheonlinehelp,whichisaccessiblefromtheprogram
throughthe“Help”entriesinthemenus,bypressingtheF1keyorbyclicking
onthehelpicons insidethewindowsanddialogs.
Contents
INTRODUCTION 2
Contents 3
Part1:BasicApproach-MyFirstProject 4
FirstcontactwithPVsyst 4
Fullstudyofasampleproject 5
SavingtheProject 9
Executingthefirstsimulation 13
Addingfurtherdetailstoyourproject 18
Part2:3DNearShadingsConstructionBasics 32
Definingthe3Dscene: 33
Usethe3Dsceneinthesimulation 54
Part3:MeteorologicalDataManagement 60
Introduction 60
Geographicalsites 63
Syntheticdatageneration 68
Meteotablesandgraphs 70
ImportingMeteodatafrompredefinedsources 74
ImportingMeteodatafromcustomfile 77
Part4:ComponentsManagement 87
PVModulesdefinitioninPvsyst 87
InverterdefinitioninPvsyst 92
PAGE
10
Part1:BasicApproach-MyFirstProject
FirstcontactwithPVsyst
WhenopeningPVsystyougettothemainpage:
Thisgivesaccesstothefourmainpartsoftheprogram:
“Projectdesignandsimulation”isthemainpartofthesoftwareandisusedforthecompletestudyofaproject.Itinvolvesthechoiceofmeteorologicaldata,systemdesign,shadingstudies,lossesdetermination,andeconomicevaluation.Thesimulationisperformedoverafullyearinhourlystepsandprovidesacompletereportandmanyadditionalresults.
“Recentprojects”allowsyoutoquicklyfindandmodifyyourrecentprojects
“Documentation”willhelpyouintherealizationofyourdifferentsimulationswiththehelpofPDF
tutorials,VideosandaFAQ.
“PvsystuserWorkspace”containsalldatacreatedbytheuser.ThedefaultplaceisC:\Users\<username>\Pvsyst7.0_Databutthiscanbechangedbytheuser
Fullstudyofasampleproject
Projectspecificationsandgeneralprocedure
ForanintroductiontothedevelopmentofaprojectdesigninPVsyst,wewillwalkthroughafullprojectstep-by-step.Asanexample,wewillconsiderafarmlocatedinSwitzerlandclosetoGeneva.Thebuildinginquestionisshownonthefollowingsketch:
H=5m
Suttouscôtés:avant-toitsde0.5M
10m
D=6mH=12m
Elévation: Pentetoiture25°
10m
8m
20°
N
35m
10m
35m
Theroofofthefarmisfacingsouth.Aroofsurfaceof125m2isavailable,andweplantocover50m2ofthemwithmono-crystallinePVmodules.
Asexplainedbefore,wewillnotusethe“PreliminaryDesign”foragrid-connectedproject,butrather
startthecomplete“Projectdesign”.
Whenyouchoose"Gridconnected"project,youwillgetthefollowingdashboardforthemanagementofaproject:
Thedashboardhastwoparts:TheProjectbasicdefinitionsandtheSystemvariantmanagement.
The‘Project’inPVsyst,isjustacentralobjectforwhichyouwillconstructdifferentvariants(alsocalledsystemconfigurationsorcalculationvariants)ofyoursystem.TheProjectcontainsthegeographicalsiteofyoursystem,thereferencetoafilewiththemeteorologicaldata,andsomegeneralparametersliketheAlbedodefinition,somesizingconditionsandparametersspecifictothisproject.InthePVsystworkspaceitwillgetafilenamewiththeextension*.PRJ.
EachSystemVariantcontainsallthedetaileddefinitionsofyoursystem,whichwillresultinasimulationcalculation.Thesedefinitionsincludethechoiceofsolarpanelsandinverters,thenumberofpanelsandinverters,geometricallayoutandpossibleshadings,electricalconnections,differenteconomicscenarios,etc.Inthedatabase,thefileswiththeVariantsofaprojectwillhavetheProject'sfilename,withextensionsVC0,VC1,VCA,etc.Youcandefineupto936Variantsperproject.
Stepsinthedevelopmentofaproject
WhendevelopingaprojectinPVsyst,youareadvisedtoproceedinsmallincrementalsteps:
Createaprojectbyspecifyingthegeographicallocationandthemeteorologicaldata.
Defineabasicsystemvariant,includingonlytheorientationofthePVmodules,therequiredpoweroravailableareaandthetypeofPVmodulesandinvertersthatyouwouldliketouse.PVsystwillproposeabasicconfigurationforthischoiceandsetreasonabledefaultvaluesforallparametersthatarerequiredforafirstcalculation.Thenyoucansimulatethisvariantandsaveit.Itwillbethefirstroughapproximationthatwillberefinedinsuccessiveiterations.
Definesuccessivevariantsbyprogressivelyaddingperturbationstothisfirstsystem,e.g.,farshadings,nearshadings,specificlossparameters,economicevaluation,etc.Youshouldsimulateandsaveeachvariantsothatyoucancomparethemandunderstandtheimpactofallthedetailsyouareaddingtothesimulation.
Tips-Help
InPVsyst,youcanalwaysgettothecontextHelpbypressingF1.Sometimesyouwillalsoseelittlebluequestionmarkbuttons.ClickingonthemwillleadtomoredetailedinformationonthetopicintheHelpsection.
WhenPVsystdisplaysmessagesinred,youareadvisedtocarefullyreadthem!Theymaybeeitherwarningsorerrormessages,ortheycanbeproceduresthatshouldbefollowedtogetacorrectresult.
DefiningtheProject
Intheprojectdashboardclickon«Newproject»anddefinetheproject'sname.Thenclickon“SiteandMeteo”.
Youcaneitherchooseasitefromthebuilt-indatabase,whichholdsaround2,550sitesfromMeteonorm,oryoucandefineanewsitethatcanbelocatedanywhereontheglobe.Pleaserefertothe
tutorial“MeteorologicalDatamanagement"ifyouwanttocreateorimportasiteotherthanthoseavailableinthedatabase.
Theproject’ssitedefinesthecoordinates(Latitude,Longitude,AltitudeandTimezone),andcontainsmonthlymeteorologicaldata.
ThesimulationwillbebasedonaMeteofilewithhourlydata.Ifanearmeteofileexistsinthevicinity(lessthan20km),itwillbeproposed.OtherwisePVsystwillcreateasynthetichourlydatasetbasedonthemonthlymeteovaluesofyoursite.However,youcanalwayschooseanotherMeteofileinthedatabase.Awarningwillbeissuedifitistoofarfromyoursite.
NB:Ifyoustartbychoosingameteofile,youhavethepossibilityofcopyingthesiteassociatedwiththisfiletotheProject'ssite.
Intheprojectdashboardyoucanclickonthebutton"Projectsettings"whichwillgiveyouaccesstothecommonprojectparameters,namelythealbedovalues,thedesignconditions,designlimitationsandinterfacepreferences.
Usuallyyouwillnevermodifythealbedofactor.Thevalueof0.2isastandardadoptedbymostpeople.Nevertheless,ifforexampleyoursiteislocatedinthemountains,youcandefineinthistableahigheralbedofactorlike0.8forthemonthswithsignificantsnowcover.
Thesecondtabintheprojectparametersdialogcontainsthe"DesignConditions"page.
Thispagedefinessizingtemperatures,whichmaybesite-dependent.Theseareonlyusedduringthesizingofyoursystem;theyarenotinvolvedinthesimulation.
The"LowertemperatureforAbsoluteVoltageLimit"isanimportantsite-dependentvalue,asitisrelatedtothesafetyofyoursystem(itdeterminesthemaximumarrayvoltageinanyconditions).Ideally,itshouldbetheminimumtemperatureevermeasuredduringdaylightatthislocation.InCentralEuropethecommonpracticeistochoose-10°C(lowerinmountainclimates).
SavingtheProject
Whenyouarefinished(i.e.youhavegonetotheVariantchoices),youwillbepromptedtosavetheproject.Thedialogthatcomesupallowsyoutorenametheproject.Werecommendthatyouuseasimplefilename,sinceitwillbeusedasalabelforalltheVariants.
Creatingthefirst(basic)variantforthisproject
Afterhavingdefinedthesiteandthemeteorologicalinputoftheproject,youcanproceedtocreatethefirstVariant.Youwillnotice,thatinthebeginningthereare2buttonsmarkedinred:“Orientation”and“System”.Theredcolormeansthatthisvariantoftheprojectisnotyetreadyforthesimulation,additionalinputisrequired.Thebasicparametersthathavetobedefinedforanyvariant,andthatwehavenotspecifiedyet,aretheorientationofthesolarpanels,thetypeandnumberofPVmodulesandthetypeandnumberofinvertersthatwillbeused.
First,clickon"Orientation".Youwillgettheorientationdialogwhereyouhavetosupplyvaluesforthetypeoffieldforthesolarinstallationandtiltandazimuthangles.
Thesolarpanelsinourexamplewillbeinstalledonafixedtiltedplane.Fromtheproject'sdrawing(page
5
)wegetthePlaneTiltandAzimuthangles(25°and20°westrespectively).TheazimuthisdefinedastheanglebetweentheSouthdirectionandthedirectionwherethepanelsarefacing.Anglestothewestarecountedpositive,whileanglestotheeastarecountednegative.
Aftersettingthecorrectvaluesfortiltandazimuth,youclickon"OK"andthe“Orientation”buttonwill
turngreen.Nextclickon"System".
PresizingHelp
Fromthesystemdescription,werememberthatwehaveanavailableareaofaround50m².Itisnotmandatorytodefineavaluehere,butdoingsowillsimplifyourfirstapproachasitwillallowPVsysttoproposeasuitableconfiguration.
SelectaPVmodule
ChooseaPVmoduleinthedatabase.Among"Allmodules",select"Generic"asmanufacturerandselectthe300Wmodel.InthebottomrightpartofthedialogPVsystwilldisplayahintforchoosingtheinverter:"PleasechoosetheInvertermodel,thetotalpowershouldbe7kWormore."
SelecttheInverter
Fortheinstallationinourexamplewecanchooseamonophasedinverterofaround7kW.WechoosetheGeneric7.5kWinverter,andPVsystproposesacompleteconfigurationforthesystem:1inverter,2strings,eachwith15modulesconnectedinseries.
Afterthemoduletype,theinverterandthedesignofthearrayhavebeendefined,thebluepanelinthebottomrightpartofthedialogshouldbeeitheremptyororange.Ifyougetarederrormessage,checkallchoicesyoumadeandcorrectthemtothevaluesdescribedabove(itmaytakeashortmomentforthemessagetoadapttothechangesyoumake).
Wehavenowdefinedallmandatoryelementsthatareneededforafirstsimulation.Wewillgothroughmoredetailsofthisveryimportantdialoglaterinthistutorial.Fornow,youcanclickon"OK"tovalidatethechoices.Youwillgetamessageboxwiththewarning:“Theinverterpowerisslightlyundersized”.
ForthetimebeingwewillignoreitandjustacknowledgewiththeOKbutton.
MessagecolorsinPVsyst
InmanyofthePVsystdialogsyouwillbepromptedwithmessagesthataremeanttoguideyouthroughthedifferentstepsofthedefinitionandexecutionofasimulation.Thecolorofthetextgivesyouaclueonhowimportantthemessageis:
Messagesinblackareadditionalinformationorinstructionsonhowtoproceed.
Warningsinorangeindicatedesignimperfections,butthesystemisstillacceptable.
Errorsinredmeanseriousmistakes,whichwillpreventtheexecutionofthesimulation.
Asimilarcolorcodeisalsovalidforthebuttonsontheproject'sdashboard(inadditionagreyed-outbuttonmeans“hasnotbeendefined”).
Executingthefirstsimulation
OntheProject'sdashboard,allbuttonsarenowgreen(possiblyorange)orOff.The"RunSimulation"buttonisactivated,andwecanclickonit.
Thesimulationdatesarethoseoftheunderlyingmeteodatafile.Don'tmodifythem(youcannotperformasimulationoutsideoftheavailablemeteodata).
Thepreliminarydefinitionsareadditionalfeatureswhichmaybedefinedforadvancedpurposes.Wewillskipthemfornow,andclickrightawayon“Simulation”.
Aprogressbarwillappear,indicatinghowmuchofthesimulationisstilltobeperformed.Uponcompletion,the"OK"buttonwillgetactive.Whenyouclickonit,youwillgetdirectlytothe"Results"dialog.
Analyzingtheresults
Thisdialogshowsonthetopashortsummaryofthesimulationparametersthatyoushouldquicklychecktomakesurethatyoumadenoobviousmistakeintheinputparameters.Totherightisaframewithsixvaluesthatsummarizeatoneglancethemainresultsofthesimulation.Theyonlygiveaverycoarsepictureoftheresultsandaretheretoquicklyspotobviousmistakesortogetafirstimpressionofachangeoracomparisonbetweenvariantsoftheproject.
Inthebottompartofthedialogyouwillseeseveraldiagrams,whichgivesyoualreadymoredetailedinformationaboutthegeneralbehaviorofthesystem.The"DailyInput/Outputdiagram"displaysforeverydaythatwassimulated,theenergythatwasinjectedtothegridasafunctionoftheglobalincidentirradiationinthecollectorplane.Forawelldimensionedgrid-connectedsystem,thisshouldberoughlyastraightlinethatslightlysaturatesforlargeirradiationvalues.Thisslightcurvatureisatemperatureeffect.Ifsomepoints(days)deviateathighirradiances,thisisanindicationofoverloadconditions.Forstand-alonesystems,aplateauindicatesoverload(fullbattery)operation.
Themaininformationofthesimulationresultsisgatheredinthereport.Theotherbuttonsgiveaccesstocomplementarytablesandgraphsforadeeperanalysisofthesimulationresults.Fornowwewillignorethem.Whenyouclickon youwillgetthecompletereport,whichforthisfirstsimple
variantconsistsofonlythreepages(forsimulationswithmoredetailyoucangetupto11pagesofreport).Inthisreportyouwillfind:
Firstpage:Alltheparametersunderlyingthissimulation:GeographicsituationandMeteodataused,planeorientation,generalinformationaboutshadings(horizonandnearshadings),componentsusedandarrayconfiguration,lossparameters,etc.
Secondpage:Areminderofthemainparameters,andthemainresultsofthesimulation,withamonthlytableandgraphsofnormalizedvalues.
Thirdpage:ThePVsystarrowlossdiagram,showinganenergybalanceandalllossesalongthesystem.Thisisapowerfulindicatorofthequalityofyoursystem,andwillimmediatelyindicatethesizingerrors,iftheyexist.
Analyzingthereport
Secondpage:mainresults
Forourfirstsystem:threerelevantquantitiesarenowdefined:
ProducedEnergy:Thebasicresultofoursimulation.
Specificproduction:TheproducedenergydividedbytheNominalpowerofthearray(PnomatSTC).Thisisanindicatorofthepotentialofthesystem,takingintoaccountirradianceconditions(orientation,sitelocation,meteorologicalconditions).
Performanceratio:Anindicatorofthequalityofthesystemitself,independentlyoftheincomingirradiance.Wewillgiveitsdefinitionbelow.
Thebottomofthesecondpagecontainsatablewiththemainvariables,givenasmonthlyvaluesandtheoverallyearlyvalue.Theyearlyvaluecanbeanaveragelikethetemperature,orasum,liketheirradiationorenergies.Themeaningofthedifferentvariablesisthefollowing:
GlobHor:Globalirradiationinthehorizontalplane.Thisisourmeteoinputvalue.
Tamb: Ambient(dry-bulb)averagetemperature.Thisisalsoourmeteoinputvalue.
GlobInc: Globalirradiationinthecollectorplane,aftertransposition,butwithoutanyopticalcorrections(oftennamedPOAforPlaneofArray).
GlobEff: "Effective"globalirradiationonthecollectors,i.e.afteropticallosses(farandnearshadings,IAM,soilinglosses).
EArray: EnergyproducedbythePVarray(inputoftheinverters).E_Grid: Energyinjectedintothegrid,afterinverterandACwiringlosses.
EffArrR: PVarrayefficiencyEArrayrelatedtotheirradianceontheCollector'stotalarea.EffSysR: SystemefficiencyE_GridrelatedtotheirradianceontheCollector'stotalarea.
Themonthlygraphsonthesecondpageofthereportaregiveninunitscalled«NormalizedPerformanceIndex".Thesevariableshavebeenspecifiedbythe"JointResearchCenter"JRC(Ispra)forastandardizedreportofPVsystemperformance,andtheyarenowdefinedintheinternationalIEC61836norm.ThePVsystonlinehelpcontainsafullexplanationofthesevalues(youcandirectlyaccessthissectionoftheonlinehelpbypressingF1whenyouareonthispageofthereport).Intheseunitsthevaluesareexpressedin[kW/kWp/day]andcontainthefollowinginformation:
Yr ReferenceYieldEnergyproductionifthesystemwerealwaysrunningat"nominal"efficiency,asdefinedbythearrayPnom(nameplatevalue)atSTC.
ThisisnumericallyequivalenttotheGlobIncvalueexpressedin[kWh/m²/day].
Ya Arrayyield EnergyproductionofthearrayYf FinalSystemyield Energytothegrid
Lc =Yr–YaArraycapturelossesLs =Ya–YfSystemlosses
PR =Yf/YrPerformanceRatio=E_Grid/(GlobIncPnom(nameplate))
Thirdpage:arrowlossdiagram
ThisisthePVsystwayofreportingthesystem'sbehavior,withalldetailedlosses.Thisdiagramisveryusefulfortheanalysisofthedesignchoices,andshouldbeusedwhencomparingsystemsorvariantsofthesameproject.
GlobHor Horizontalirradiation(meteovalue):startingpoint.
GlobInc Aftertransposition(referenceforthecalculationofPR,whichincludestheopticallosses).
IAM Theopticallosses.Whenaddingfurtherdetailstoavariant,therewillbeadditionalarrowsforfarandnearshadings,soiling,etc.
GlobEff·Coll.AreaEnergyonthecollectors.
EArrNom ArraynominalenergyatSTC(=GlobEffEffic.nom).
Arraylosses Collectionlosses(irradiance,temperature,mismatch,modulequality,wiring,etc.).EArrMPP ArrayavailableenergyatMPP.
Inverterlosses Efficiencyandeventualoverloadloss(allothersareusuallynull).EOutInv Availableenergyattheoutputoftheinverter.
AClosses Eventualwiring,transformerlossesbetweeninverterandinjectionpoint,unavailability.
EGrid Energyinjectedintothegrid.
Thereportcanbesenttoaprinterorcopiedtotheclipboard.TheseoptionsareaccessiblethroughthePrintbutton.
Hereyoucanselectwhichpartsofthereportshouldbeprintedorcopiedanddefinecommentsthatwillshowupintheheaderofthereport.Withthe“Settings”buttonyoucancustomizeevenmoredetailsfortheheadercommentsandtheclipboardcopyresolution.
Savingthesimulation
Takethehabitto"Save"yourdifferentvariantsforfurthercomparisons.Chooseameaningfultitletoeasilyidentifyyourvariantinthefuture.Thistitlewillbementionedonthereport(itcanalsobedefinedinanearlierstep,forexampleatthetimeofthesimulation).
Thefirstvariantwillbesavedinthefile"DEMO_Residential_Geneva_FirstSimulation.VC0".LaterVariantswillgetthefileendingsVC1,VC2,etc.IfyouwanttocreateanewVariant,makesurethatyouuse"SaveAs"toavoidoverwritingyourpreviousvariants.Toopenprevioussimulationsoftheproject,youjustselectavariantinthedrop-downlist.
Addingfurtherdetailstoyourvariant
Afterthisfirst"standard"simulation,youcanprogressivelyaddthespecificdetailstoyourproject.Youareadvisedtoperformandsaveanewsimulationateachstepinordertocheckitseffectandpertinence-especiallybyanalyzingthe"Lossdiagram".
Farshadings,Horizonprofile
ThehorizonprofileisonlysuitedforshadingobjectsthatarelocatedsufficientlyfarawayfromyourPVsystem,sothattheshadingsmaybeconsideredglobalonyourarray.Thisisthecasewhenthedistancetotheshadingobjectismorethanabout10timesthePVsystemsize.TheHorizonProfileisacurvethatisdefinedbyasetof(Height,Azimuth)points.
TheFarShadingsoperateinanON/OFFmode:i.e.atagiventime,thesunisorisnotpresentonthefield.Whenthesunisbehindthehorizonthebeamcomponentbecomesnull.Theeffectonthediffusecomponentwillbeexplainedbelow.
Clickingthe"Horizon"buttonwillopenagraphofthesunpathsforthesiteoftheproject.
Youcaneitherdefinethehorizonlinemanually.Forthisthevalues(Height,Azimuthsetofpoints)havetoberecordedon-siteusingacompassandaclinometer(measuringtheheightangles),alandsurveyororsomespecificinstrument,photographs,etc.Butyoucanalsoimportahorizonlinethathasbeen
generatedwiththe“SunEye”deviceorsomededicatedsoftwareasexplainedbelow.
Definingahorizonlinebyhand:
Youcanmoveanyoftheredpoints,bydraggingitwiththemouse,ordefineaccuratelyitsvaluesintheeditboxesontheright.Forcreatinganewpointright-clickanywhere.Fordeletingapointright-clickonthepoint.YoucansavethishorizonasafileforfurtheruseinotherPVsystprojects.
Whenyouclickonthe“Read/Import”buttonyouwillgetthe“Horizonprofilereading/importation”dialog.YoucaneitherreadahorizonlinethatyouhavepreviouslysavedinPVsyst,oryoucanimportapredefinedformatfromsourcesexternaltoPVsyst.
ImportingHorizonfromSolmetric"SunEye"instrument
The"SunEye"recordsthehorizonlineusingafisheyecamera,andprovidestheresultinseveralfiles.Youshouldchoosethefilecalled"ObstructionElevation.csv".Donotusethe"Sky0x_PVsyst.hor"file!Thisisanobsoleteformat,whichwascreatedbySolmetricsfortheoldversions4.xxofPVsyst.
NB:Ifnearobjectsarepresentonthepicturestakenbythe“SunEye”,youshouldremovethemfromthedatabyeditingthehorizonlineafterimportingit.
ImportingHorizonfromthe"Carnaval"software
"Carnaval"isageoreferredfreesoftware(includingaltimetrydata),whichisabletocreateahorizonlinestartingfromgeographicalcoordinates-LatitudeandLongitude–ofasite.ItworksonlyforlocationsinFranceanditsneighboringcountries.
NB:Youshouldnotusethe‘nearobjects’optioninthissoftwarewhencreatingthefarshadingsforPVsyst.Carnavalproducesafilenamed“YourProject.masque.txt”.Youwillhavetorenamethisfile,removingthe".masque"characters,asPVsystdoesnotacceptfilenameswith2dotsinthem.
ImportingHorizonfromthe«Horiz'ON"software
The"CameraMaster"toolisaspecialsupportforphotocameras,whichallowstotakeaseriesofpicturesinprecisehorizontalrotationsteps(every20°inazimuth).Thesoftware"Horiz'ON"gathersthesephotographsinasinglepanoramapicture,onwhichyoucandrawthehorizonlinebyusingthemouse.ThesoftwarewillproduceafileformatofthehorizonlinethatisdirectlyreadableinPVsyst.
NB:Whenyouwanttocreateahorizonlinestartingfromageographicallocation(likeinCarnavalorMeteonorm),theexactcoordinatesofyourPVsystemhavetobecarefullydefined.YoumaydeterminethemusingGoogleEarthorwithaGPSinstrument.Keepinmindthatadegreeinlatitudecorrespondsto111km,aminuteto1850mandasecondto31m.Forthelongitudethisisalsovalidforlocationsontheequator.Asyoumoveawayfromtheequatorthesevalueswilldecrease.
Usingthehorizoninthesimulation
Afterdefiningahorizonline,thebuttonintheprojectdashboardwillturnfromgreyed-outtogreen.Ifwenowperformagainasimulationtheshadingofthehorizonwillbetakenintoaccount.Thereportwill
nowhaveanadditionalpage.Onthesecondpageofthereportyouwillfindthehorizondefinitionandthesungraphthatincludesthefarshadingeffect:
Alsothelossdiagramonthelastpageofthereportwillnowincludetheeffectofthefarshadings:
Nearshadings,3Dconstruction
Theconstructionofthenearshadingsisdescribedinthededicatedchapter“3DNearShadingsConstruction”.Thenearshadingstreatment(shadingofnearobjects)requiresafull3DrepresentationofyourPVsystem.Thisismanagedfromthefollowingcentraldialog:
Theconstructionofthe3Dsceneisperformedina3Deditor,whichopenswhenyouclickonthebutton"Construction/Perspective"
Ifyouhavenearshadings,youshouldconstructyourPVinstallationanditssurroundingsasa3Dscene(seethededicatedtutorial).Theinstrumentsdescribedinthefarshadingssection(includingSunEye)arenotusefulforthisconstruction.Thestartingpointshouldbethearchitect'sdrawingsoranythingequivalent,andtheyshouldincludetopologicalinformationtogettheheightoftheobjectsright.
Afterconstructingthe3Drepresentationoftheinstallation,youshouldperformthesimulationinthe“linearshadings”modewhichtakesintoaccountonlytheirradiancedeficit.Thiswillgiveyoualowerboundfortheestimationoftheshadingseffect.Thenyourepeatthesimulationoncemorein"accordingtomodulestrings"mode,whichalsoconsiderselectricaleffectsresultingfromthefactthatthemodulesarearrangedingroups(strings).Themodulesineachofthesestringsareassumedtobe
connectedinseries.Thiswillprovideanupperboundfortheestimationoftheshadinglosses.Forthefinalreportthatwillbesubmittedtoyourcustomer,youchooseanintermediatevaluefortheelectricaleffect,takingtheby-passdioderecoveryintoaccount.Forthis,youhavetochooseanintermediatefractionfortheelectricaleffect,whichwilldependonyoursystemgeometry.Thereisnowell-establishedvaluethatwouldgenerallycoverallpossiblesituations.Aroughestimatewouldbe60to80%(Higherforregularshadingpatternslikesheds).
NB:Thenearshadinglossdoesnotcumulatewiththefarshadings.Whenthesunisbehindthehorizon,thebeamcomponentisnull,andthereforethereisnonearshadingcontribution.
Finallayoutofthesystem
InPVsystthereisnodirectlinkbetweenthedefinitionofthesystem(PVpanelsandinverters),andthedefinitionofyour3Dscene.Butwhenyoudomodificationsineitheroneoftheseparts,theprogramwillcheckiftheyremaincompatible,andissuewarningorerrormessagesifitdetectsanyincoherence.Namelyitwillrequirethattheplaneorientationsareidenticalinthetwoparts,andthatyouhavedefinedasufficientlylargesensitiveareainthe3DsceneforinstallingthePVmodulesdefinedinthesystem.PVsystwillperformthistestonlyonthetotalareas,itwillnotcheckthereal
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