句子成分简单句句型 全市一等奖

MembersofaSentence句子成分名词（noun）词类（PartofSpeech）冠词（article）代词（pronoun）数词（numeral）形容词（adjective）感叹词(interjection)副词(adverb)动词（verb）介词(preposition)连词（conjunction）头脑风暴举例子比如生活中的例子：n.教室，，，什么叫句子？翻译并指出其语言单位名称1.aheavyrain

2.intheclass3.amanalwayswritingarticles

一场大雨语言单位名称：名词短语在教室

语言单位名称：介词短语一个常写文章的人语言单位名称：名词短语什么叫句子？4.mentallyandphysicallyhealthy5.seeafilm6.Mr.Liwillvisityouat2：00p．m.7.Standup！

身心健康语言单位名称：形容词短语看电影

语言单位名称：动词短语李先生下午两点会来拜访你。语言单位名称：句子站起来！语言单位名称：句子Conclusion

一个主谓结构就是一个句子。通常，主语和谓语是句子必不可少的两个组成部分，祈使句可省略主语。主语（subject）句子的主体，全句述说的对象。表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。subject1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.4.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.名词代词不定式短语(todo)动名词（V-ing)subject5.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.6.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.7.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.名词化的形容词主语从句it为形式主语主语（subject）总结：主语可由名词、代词、不定式短语、动名词、名词化的形容词、主语从句和以it为形式主语。谓语（predicate）Childrenlikeplayinggames.2.Theyweretalkingaboutanewfilm.说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常由动词或动词短语结合时态、语态、语气等充当。要弄清两个概念：及物动词vt：后面直接接宾语的动词；不及物动词vi：后面不能直接接宾语的动词。宾语（object）宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词后面。object1.Theywenttoseeamovieyesterday.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.-Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?-Ihavefive.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.名词代词数词名词化的形容词object5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.不定式短语(todo)动名词（V-ing）从句提示：

双宾语（间宾+直宾）eg:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.宾语（object）Sumup:宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式短语、动名词、从句等表示。定语（attribute）用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。attribute1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmademesurprised.形容词现在分词过去分词数词介词短语做后置定语attribute5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.8.ThemanwhoisspeakingisourEnglishteacher.不定式短语(todo)介词短语句子从句定语（attribute）总结：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的词。主要有形容词，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以做定语。状语（adverbial）用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。adverbialIwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.adverbialJohnoftencametochatwithme．

Ashewasill,

hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.

Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.Hecamerunning.

(程度目的)（地点伴随）

（地点时间）（让步）(原因)（方式）adverbial1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedtheexamination.4.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.副词及副词性短语词组介词短语不定式时间状语从句状语（adverbial）总结：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。副词做状语常表示事情发生的时间、地点、方式、条件、原因，或者表示让步、程度等。补语（complement）用来补充说明主语或者宾语。宾补1.HisfathernamedhimDaming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youshouldn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.名词形容词副词不定式宾补5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.现在分词介词短语名词性从句做补语宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式短语、现在分词、介词短语、从句来担当。某些及物动词，eg:make+宾语+宾补表语（predicative）用来表示主语的特征、状态、身份等，一般位于系动词之后，eg:be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等之后。predicative1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.2.Isityours?3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.4.Thespeechisexciting.名词代词形容词动名词5.HisjobistoteachEnglish.6.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.3.Timeisup.Theclassisover.4.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.不定式介词短语副词从句总结：表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。主语（subject）句子基本成分宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial)表语（predicative）谓语（predicate）补语（complement）Sumup主语宾语表语定语状语宾补名词√√√√√√代词√√√√√形容词√√√副词√√数词√√√√√不定式√√√√√√分词√√√√动名词√√√√介词短语√√√√Practice:划分下列句子成分Classbeginsateighteveryday.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.Mrs.Brownlooksveryhealthy.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Mr.GreentaughtusGermanlastyear.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.Ireceivedaletterfrommypenfriend.BasicSentencePatterns四、句子的基本句型Translation我是一名学生。你应当努力学习。昨晚我写了一封信。我父亲上午给我买了一辆自行车。我们叫她Alice.Iamastudent.Youshouldstudyhard.Iwrotealetterlastnight.Myfatherboughtmeanewbikelastnight.WecallherAlice.TranslationI

am

astudent.You

shouldstudyhard.I

wrote

aletter

lastnight.Myfatherbought

me

anewbikelastnight.We

call

herAlice.主+系+表

主+谓主+谓+宾主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓+宾+宾补Classbeginsateighteveryday.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.Mrs.Brownlooksveryhealthy.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Mr.GreentaughtusGermanlastyear.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.Task1分析句子成分主+系+表主+系+表

主+谓主+谓+宾主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓+间宾+直宾Translation会议将持续两个小时。我会说三种外语。Z这个报告听起来很有趣。请把那本字典递给我好吗？他的父母给他取名John。Themeetingwilllasttwohours.

Icanspeakthreeforeignlanguages.Thisreportsoundsinteresting.Pleasegivemethatdictionary.HisparentsnamedhimJohn.五、简单句的基本种类Whattypesofsentencedoyouknow?Pleaseanexampleaboutit.句子按用途可分为：陈述句（DeclarativeSentences）疑问句（InterrogativeSentences）祈使句（ImperativeSentences）感叹句（ExclamatorySentences）Distinguishthetypesofthesentences.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Thefilmisveryboring.Canyoufinishtheworkintime?Wheredoyoulive?Doyouwantteaorcoffee?Hedoesn’tknowher,doeshe?Don’tbenervous!Let’sgotoschool.Whatgoodnewsitis!陈述句

疑问句

祈使句

感叹句陈述句：用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法。eg:Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Thefilmisveryboring.肯定式：主语+谓语+

…eg:Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthepastfewyears.否定式：如果句子的谓语动词是be/have或含有助动词或情态动词，在他们之后加not构成否定

如果句子的谓语动词是行为动词，且没有助动词或请他动词，在谓语动词前加助动词do(第三人称单数用does)再加not构成否定疑问句：用来提出问题一般疑问句---用yes或no来回答的疑问句eg:Haveyoufinishedyourtask?.特殊疑问句：用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子，不用yes或no回答（what，who,whose,which,when,where,how,why）

eg:Wheredidyoufindyourlostpen?疑问句：用来提出问题3.选择疑问句---提出两个或两个以上的情况让对方选择；选择疑问句有“一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句”构成，其中后一个问句中与前一个问句中相同的部分被省略。不用yes或no回答，要用完整的句子回答。eg:Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?疑问句：用来提出问题反义疑问句---前一部分陈述一件事实，后一部分对前面的陈述提出相反的疑问，即前肯后否，前否后肯eg:MaytravelledtoEngland,didn’tshe?Let’shavearest,shallwe?祈使句：表示命令、请求或建议，主语通常省略。说话对象是第二人称时，主语you一般省略。肯定式的谓语是动词原形+其他成分（+宾语），否定式用“Don’t/Never+V原+其他成分”Eg:Bequiet,please.Don’tbeafraid.说话对象是第一、三人称时，肯定式用“Let+宾+动原+其他成分”，否定式用“Let+宾+not+V原+其他成分”eg:Let’sgotoschool.Lethimnotcomein.=Don’tlethimcomein.感叹句表示喜怒哀乐等强烈情感。有what和how开头的两种形式。What修饰名词，how修饰adj,adv,V等，句末用感叹号。1.What+(a)+名词e.g.:Whatfun!多么有趣！What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！e.g.:Whatabeautifulpictureitis!感叹句2.How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语！e.g.:Howinterestingthegirlis!3.How+主语+谓语！e.g.:HowIwantedtoseeyou!口语中，常省略主语和谓语。e.g.:Whatagoodidea!Howwonderful!Practice:指出下列句子的种类Hedevo