中国科学院考博英语历年真题及详解

2008年3月中国科学院考博英语真题及详解

 

PARTⅠ VOCABULARY(15minutes,10points,0.5pointeach)

Directions:Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

1Inamaterialisticand______society,people’sinterestseemstobefocusedsolelyonmonetarypursuit.

A.adaptive

B.addictive

C.acquisitive

D.arrogant

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：在一个物欲和贪财的社会中，人们的目光似乎只盯在对金钱的追求上。acquisitive(尤指对物质财富、钱财等)渴望得到的，想获得的。adaptive适合的，能适应的。addictive上瘾的，醉心的。arrogant傲慢的，自大的。

 

2EvenifIwonamillion-dollarlottery,Iwouldcontinuetolive______.

A.subtly

B.frugally

C.explicitly

D.cautiously

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：即使我赢得了一百万美元的彩票，我也会继续保持我的节俭生活。frugally节俭地，不豪华地。subtly巧妙地，精细地。explicitly明确地，显而易见地。cautiously慎重地，细心地。

 

3Doctorsmustinform______parentsaboutthelowoddsofsuccessinfertilitytreatments.

A.protective

B.respective

C.prospective

D.perspective

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：医生必须告知期望做生育治疗的父母此种治疗的低成功率。prospective未来的，预期的。protective保护的，防护的。respective各自的，各个的。perspective透视的。

 

4MosheKatzma,24,deniedany______withthebeatinggiventothehomelessman,whowasfoundoutsideaNationalHeadquartersoffice.

A.involvement

B.admission

C.isolation

D.access

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：二十四岁的MosheKatzma否认与在国家总部办公室外发现的那个无家可归的人的被殴打事件有任何瓜葛。involvementwith参与，有瓜葛。admission许可，承认。isolation隔离，孤立。access通路，接近的机会。

 

5Thereareanestimatedeightmillionpeoplecurrentlythoughttobeeligibleto______incometax.

A.reclaim

B.recover

C.restore

D.return

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：据估计，近期约有八百万人被认为有资格申报所得税。return申报，填报，如returnthedetailsofone’sincome申报个人收入细目（报税）。reclaim取回，要求归还。restore恢复，归还，修复。

 

6Astheskylightenedevenmore,theybeganto______theirsurroundingsmoreclearly.

A.fallout

B.fallinto

C.makeup

D.makeout

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：当天更亮一点时，他们开始更清楚地查看周边的环境。makeout看清楚，弄清。fallout争吵，跌落。fallinto分成，落入，开始讨论。makeup弥补，和解，化妆。

 

7China’s______culturalheritageshouldbebetterprotectedthroughincreasedeffortstopreserveendangeredart.

A.inalienable

B.intangible

C.intelligible

D.indivisible

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：通过增加对濒危艺术的保护，中国的非物质文化遗产可以得到更好的保护。intangible无形的，难以理解的。intangibleculturalheritage非物质文化遗产。inalienable(权利等)不可剥夺的，不可分割的。intelligible可理解的，纯概念性的。indivisible不可分割的，极微小的。

 

8Thematteris______settled;wemaylookuponitasbeingsettled.

A.aslongas

B.forgood

C.forsure

D.asgoodas

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：这件事差不多解决了，我们可以就当它已经解决了。asgoodas和…几乎一样，事实上。aslongas只要，长达…之久。forgood永久地，一劳永逸地。forsure肯定地，确实如此。

 

9Anannouncementoffurthercutsingovernmentexpenditureis______.

A.imminent

Beminent

C.illiterate

D.emergent

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：最近将发布进一步削减政府开支的公告。imminent即将发生的，逼近的。eminent值得注意的，卓越的，高耸的。illiterate文盲的，无知的。emergent突如其来的，新兴的。

 

10The______inoursoapsshouldcomeonlyfromessentialoils,whicharesteamedorpressedfromplants.

A.scents

B.scenarios

C.scenes

D.scales

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：我们用的香皂中的香味只能来自从植物中蒸馏或挤压出来的香精油。scent香味，气味。scenario剧情梗概，事态，设想。scene现场，场景。scale鳞片，水垢。

 

11A______ofthisapproachisthatthevariablesarevisuallypresentedinastylethatcanbeunderstoodbygeneralistsandspecialistsalike.

A.value

B.merit

C.factor

D.worth

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：这种方法的一个优点就是变量能以一种可视的方式展现出来，无论是多面手还是专家都可以理解。merit/value/worth都可用做名词，含“优点”“价值”的意思，具体区别如下：merit指“成就或品质中值得赞扬的优点”；value指“重要性”“价值”；worth着重指“人或物本质中的优点或价值”。

 

12Desperation,hunger,thirst,andresentmentallmakeitmorelikelythatpeoplewill______amorepowerfulfigurewhopromisesthemhelpand/orsalvation.

A.beproneto

B.giveinto

C.liveupto

D.putanendto

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：绝望、饥渴与憎恨都使人们更加可能臣服于一个更加强壮的许诺帮助或拯救他们的人物。giveinto屈服于，向…呈上。beproneto倾向于，易于。liveupto实践，做到。putanendto结束，终止。

 

13Thesentencegiventothecriminalwasmuchtoo______;murdershouldcarrythemaximumpenalty.

A.negligent

B.solitary

C.lenient

D.tedious

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：对这个罪犯的处罚太仁慈了；谋杀就应该被处以最高惩罚。lenient宽大的，仁慈的。negligent粗心的，随便的。solitary独居的，荒凉的。tedious沉闷的，单调乏味的。

 

14Thoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore______thanthewoodenbox.

A.terminal

B.durable

C.persistent

D.bearable

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：尽管不好看，拉尔夫知道这个铁盒子会比木盒子耐用。durable不易损坏的，坚固的。terminal末端的，不治的。persistent固执的，反复出现的。bearable承受得住的，经得起的。

 

15InChina,althoughpeopleinmanyregionsearnmuchlessthanthoseinprosperousregions,theyalsopaymuchlessfor______commodities,suchashousing.

A.disposable

B.redundant

C.equivalent

D.interchangeable

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：在中国，尽管在许多地区人们挣的钱比在繁华地区少很多，但同等商品的物价也会低很多，比如说房子。equivalent相同的，等价的。disposable一次性使用的，可任意的。redundant多余的，大量的。interchangeable可互换的，可交替的。

 

16Thisleadsrecordcompaniestotreatmusiciansascontractedartistswhoarenotpaidafixedsumfortheirlabor-time,butinsteadreceiveroyaltiesin______totheirsuccess.

A.addition

B.relation

C.percentage

D.proportion

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：这导致唱片公司将音乐家当签约艺术家对待，他们不是按工作时间的多少领取固定报酬而是按照他们的成就获取相应的提成。inproportionto与…成比例。inadditionto除…以外，除…之外还。inrelationto关于…，与…相比较。percentage百分率，利息。

 

17Terroristswillgotoanylengthto______theirevilends,andpaynoattentiontothebasiclivingrightsofotherpeace-lovingpeople.

A.reach

B.gain

C.achieve

D.succeed

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：恐怖主义者将会不择手段地达到他们的邪恶目的，完全不会顾及其他和平爱好者的基本生存权利。gainone’send和achieveone’send都有“达到目的”的意思，但二者的侧重点有所不同。achieve侧重指“经过努力达到某种目的”；gain侧重指“经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益或通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西”。

 

18AustraliacontinuedthefighttoendJapan’sannualwhalehunts,warningthatitsplantokillhumpbackwhalesinAntarcticacould______outrage.

A.spark

B.lead

C.result

D.involve

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：澳大利亚继续为阻止日本每年的捕鲸活动而奋斗，警告说日本捕杀南极洲座头鲸的计划会引起人们的愤怒。sparkoutrage引起愤怒，固定搭配。

 

19AtthemomenteverycultureinBritainhasasimilarphilosophyasfarassize______:ifyouwanttolookgoodandbedesirable,you’vegottobethin.

A.shows

B.states

C.says

D.goes

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：就体形而言，现在英国的各个文化群体有着相同的观点：如果你想看起来美丽性感，你就得瘦。asfarasitgoes就其本身而言，就目前的情况而论。

 

20Womenwhoenteredvoluntaryworkduringtheinter-waryearsdidsolargelybecauseitprovidedthemwith______fromhouseholdroutine.

A.distortion

B.diversion

C.dissipate

D.discount

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：在两次世界大战之间的那些年中，参加志愿者工作的女性相当多，因为这可以让她们暂时放下繁琐的家务。diversion偏离、转向；消遣、娱乐。discount折扣；漠视，低估。distortion扭曲，扭歪。dissipate（动词）使消散，驱散，浪费。

 

PARTⅡ CLOZETEST(15minutes,15points)

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbelow.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

Therearesomanynewbooksaboutdyingthattherearenowspecialshelvessetasidefortheminbookshops,alongwiththehealth-dietandhome-repairpaperbacks.Someofthemareso(21)_____withdetailedinformationandstep-by-stepinstructionsforperformingthefunction,thatyou’dthinkthiswasanewsortof(22)_____whichallofusarenowrequiredtolearn.Thestrongestimpressionthecasualreadergetsisthatproperdyinghasbecomeanextraordinary,(23)_____anexoticexperience,somethingonlythespeciallytrainedcando.

(24)_____,youcouldbeledtobelievethatwearetheonly(25)_____capableofbeingawareofdeath,andthatwhentherestofnatureisexperiencingthelifecycleanddying,onegenerationafter(26)_____,itisadifferentkindofprocess,doneautomaticallyandtrivially,ormore“natural”,aswesay.

Anelminourbackyard(27)_____theblight(枯萎病)thissummeranddroppedstonedead,leafless,almostovernight.Oneweekend(28)_____wasanormal-lookingelm,maybealittlebareinspotsbut(29)_____alarming,andthenextweekenditwasgone,passedover,departed,taken.Takenisright,forthetreesurgeoncamebyyesterdaywithhis(30)_____ofyounghelpersandtheircherrypicker,andtookitdownbranchbybranchandcarteditoffinthebackofaredtruck,everyone(21)_____.

Thedying(32)_____afieldmouse,atthejawsofanamiablehouseholdcat,isaspectacleIhavebeheldmanytimes.It(33)_____tomakemewince.However,earlyinlifeIgaveupthrowingsticks(34)_____thecattomakehimdropthemouse,(35)_____thedroppedmouseregularlywentaheadanddiedanyway.

21A.contained

B.embraced

C.packed

D.littered

22A.ability

B.skill

C.quality

D.technology

23A.and

B.even

C.yet

D.but

24A.Furthermore

B.However

C.Evenso

D.Sincethen

25A.races

B.creatures

C.people

D.human

26A.theother

B.another

C.thenext

D.thefollowing

27A.caught

B.held

C.took

D.picked

28A.that

B.which

C.it

D.this

29A.something

B.anything

C.nothing

D.everything

30A.crew

B.members

C.corps

D.fellows

31A.sings

B.sand

C.sung

D.singing

32A.to

B.in

C.for

D.of

33A.was

B.wasused

C.used

D.wasabout

34A.into

B.on

C.at

D.off

35A.but

B.because

C.while

D.inorderthat

【答案与解析】

21C bepackedwith充满了，塞满了。belitteredwith使…充满（垃圾，废弃物等）。

22B learnaskill学一种技能，与上文提到的“书中满是执行这项功能的一步一步的指示”相对应。

23B 句意：那些随便看看书的人的最深刻的印象就是正确的死亡方法已经成为了一种特别的甚至是奇异的经历，只有那些受过特殊训练的人才能做到。even表递进。

24A furthermore而且，此外；表示对上文内容的补充与延伸。however然而，可是；表转折。evenso虽然如此，即使这样。sincethen从那时起。

25B 本句提到therestofnature，即作者把“我们”跟自然界其他所有的生物相比较。因此creatures更符合语境。

26B oneafteranother一个接一个地，相继地。

27A catch感染上（疾病），患（病）。

28C it指代theelm（榆树），与接下来的itwasgone,passedover...中的it相同。

29C nothingalarming没什么令人担心的，与前面提到的normal-looking相对应。

30A crew一起工作的人，一群做同一工作的人。member成员，会员。corps军团或经专门训练或有特种使命的队，组，团。fellow同伴，同事。如果用fellows，则可以省掉ofyounghelpers。

31D 现在分词做伴随状语。

32D afieldmouse为dying的定语，根据下文可以得出句意为“一只田鼠的死”，中间的插入语表示它是如何死掉的。

33C usedtodo过去常常做某事。beusedtodo被用来做某事。beto和beaboutto都表示“将要，刚要”。

34C throwat向…扔去，掷去。throwinto扔进，使…（突然）陷入。throwon匆忙穿上。throwoff甩掉，去除，使迷惑。

35B “被猫放走的老鼠通常走掉后还是会死”是我放弃了“向猫扔棍子迫使它把老鼠放掉”的原因。

 

PARTⅢ READINGCOMPREHENSION

SectionA(60minutes,30points)

Directions:Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Writingaboutmusicislikedancingaboutarchitecture,orsothesayinggoes.SometimesattributedtoFrankZappa,othertimestoElvisCostello,thisquoteisusuallyintendedtoconveythefutilityofsuchanendeavor,ifnotthecompletesillinessofevenattemptingit.ButGlennKurtz’sgracefulmemoir,Practicing:AMusician’sReturntoMusic,turnstheexpressiononitshead,givingitadifferentmeaningbycreatingalovely,uniquebook.

Kurtzpickeduptheguitarasakidinamusic-lovingfamily,attendedtheLongIslandmusicschool,andwentontoplayonMervGriffin’sTVshowbeforegraduatingfromTuftsUniversity.MotivatingtheyoungKurtzwasthedreamofreinventingclassicalguitar,asifbyhisgreatambitionalonehecouldpushitfromthemarginsofpopularinteresttocenterstage—somethingnotevenaccomplishedbythelateSpanishguitaristAndrésSegovia,perhapstheonlyartistoftheformevertoreachanythingresemblingwidespreadcelebrity.

Thisbookreadslikealovestoryofsorts:Boymeetsguitar.Boylovesguitar.Guitarbreaksboy’sheartor,moreprecisely,theordinarinessofaworkingmusician’slifedoesso.“I’djustimaginedtheartist’slifenaively,childishly,withtoomuchlonging,toomuchpoetryandinnocenceandpurity,”Kurtzwrites.“Theguitarhadbeentheinstrumentofmydreams.Nowthedreamwasover.”

Boyleavesguitar.Werethestorytoendhere,thisbookwouldbeatragedy,butafternearlyadecadetheboyreturnstoguitar,andalthoughhehaslosttheenthusiasmhehadinhisyouth,hefindshisloveoftheguitaragaininawayhenevercouldhaveappreciatedbefore.

AlthoughKurtziswritingaboutauniquemusicalpath,hisjourneyspeakseloquentlytotheheartofanyonewhohaseverdesperatelyyearnedtoachievesomethingandfeltthestingofdisappointment.“Everyonewhogivesupaseriouschildhooddream—ofbecominganartist,adoctor,anengineer,anathlete—livestherestoftheirlifewithasenseofloss,withnaggingwhatifs,”hewrites“Isthattimeandeffort,thattalentandambition,trulywasted?”

36ThequotationmentionedinParagraph1impliesthatwritingaboutmusicis______.

A.anambitiousattempt

B.amodernformofart

C.animpossibletask

D.arewardingexperience

37AsayoungmanGlennKurtzwantedto______.

A.surpassAndrésSegovia’sachievement

B.transformclassicalguitar

C.becomeaTVmusicstar

D.liveonarts

38Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutclassicalguitar?

A.Itisnotpopularwiththepublic.

B.Itisnotaneasyskilltomaster.

C.Itisafavoriteofmanyyoungpeople.

D.ItisacrazeinsomecountrieslikeSpain.

39Accordingtothepassage,AndrésSegovia______.

A.helpedGlennKurtztobecomeagoodguitarist

B.madeclassicalguitarbecomeapopularform

C.wasawell-knownclassicalguitarist

D.wasGlennKurtz’srolemodel

40Paragraph3suggeststhatwhat“theordinarinessofaworkingmusician’slife”doestotheboyis______.

A.keephimingreatexcitement

B.bringhimgreatdisappointment

C.helphimcreategreatmusic

D.tellhimagreatmusician’sduty

41ThebookPracticing:AMusician’sReturntoMusicmainlytellsthat_______.

A.onewillbemadebitterbyhisfrustration

B.relivingolddreamscanberewarding

C.withoutdreamslifeisincomplete

D.it’sinevitableforamusiciantoexperiencesetbacks

【答案与解析】

36C 本段第二句的用词：futility（无益，徒劳无功）和silliness（愚蠢，糊涂）与选项C的描述最贴近。

37B 第二段提到youngKurtz的梦想是reinventingclassicalguitar。reinvent彻底改造，重新使用。transform改革，使改变（性质、机能等）。

38A 第二段提到Kurtz年轻时的梦想就是改造古典吉他，topushitfromthemarginsofpopularinteresttocenterstage“把它从大众兴趣的边缘推到中央舞台上”。由此可知传统吉他并不受大众欢迎。

39C 第二段最后一句话提到AndrésSegovia是唯一一位获得相当知名度的吉他演奏家。其他三个选项文中并未提及。

40B 本段提到吉他伤碎了男孩的心，或者更准确地说是一个工作中的音乐家平凡的生活伤碎了他的心。可见音乐家平凡的生活很令男孩失望。

41C 最后一段提到这本书告诉人们说放弃了儿时梦想的人终生都会有一种失落感，后悔自己没有做到…，即此书暗示了没有梦想的人生是不完整的。

 

PassageTwo

Aswithanyworkofart,themeritofChapmanKelley’s“WildflowerWorksI”wasintheeyeofthebeholder.

Kelley,whonormallyworkswithpaintandcanvas,consideredthetwinovalgardensplantedin1984atDaleyBicentennialParkhismostimportantpiece.

TheChicagoParkDistrictconsidereditapatchofraggedyvegetationonpublicpropertythatcouldbedugupandreplantedatwillliketheflowerboxesalongMichiganAvenue.Andthat’swhathappenedinJune2004,whenthedistrictdecidedtocreateamoreorderlyvistaforpedestrianscrossingfromMillenniumParkviathenewFrankGehryfootbridge.

Ifyou’relookingforevidencethattherubeswhoruntheParkDistrictdon’tknowartwhentheyseeit,allyouhavetodoisvisitwhat’sleftofKelley’smasterpiece.Theexuberant1.5-acretangleofleggywildflowersisnowconfinedtoatidyrectangle,restrainedonallsidesbyaknee-highhedgeandsurroundedbyacloselycroppedlawn.Whitehydrangeasandpinkshrubrosescompletethelook.Wedon’tknowwho’sresponsiblefortheredesign,butwe’llbetthecarpetinhishomedoesn’tgowiththefurniture.

Still,you’dthinktheParkDistrictwaswithinitsrightstoplowunderprairie.Wrong.KelleyjustwonalawsuitinwhichhearguedthatthegardenwaspublicartandthereforeprotectedbythefederalVisualArtistsRightsAct.Underthatlaw,thedistrictshouldhavegivenhim90days’noticethatitintendedtomesswithhisartworkinsteadofrushingheadlongintothedemolition,alaMeigsField.ThatwayKelleycouldhavemountedalegalchallenge,oratleastremovedtheplants.

ParkDistrictofficialssaidtheyneverconsideredthegardenaworkofart,eventhoughitwasinstalledbyanestablishedartistandnot,say,Joe’sSodandLandscaping.Wecanunderstandtheirconfusion.Justrecently,wefiguredoutthatthecagedgreenerydirectlysouthofPritzkerPavilionissupposedtobeanarchitecturalstatementandnotaChristmastreelot.

Allthat’sleftisforthedistricttocompensateKelleyforhisloss.Whateverpricethepartiessettleon,let’shopetheagreementalsoprovidesfortheremovaloftherestof“WildflowerWorksI.”Ifitwasn’taneyesorebefore—andplentyofpeoplethoughtitwas…itsureisnow.

42ItisimpliedinthefirstParagraphthatthepublic______.

A.paidlittleattentionto“WildflowerWorksI”

B.appreciatedthevalueof“WildflowerWorksI”

C.toleratedtheuglinessof“WildflowerWorksI”

D.hadtheirownviewson“WildflowerWorksI”

43Theboldfacedword“rubes”inParagraph4mostlikelymeans______.

A.experts

B.laymen

C.fools

D.artists

44Accordingtothepassage,theonewhoredesignedtheParkmust______.

A.knowKelly’sworkwell

B.haveaterribletasteinart

C.likeconventionallayouts

D.alwaysputthepublic’sneedfirst

45WhichofthefollowingwasNOTtrueabout“WildflowerWorksI”?

A.ItwasdesignedbythefamousartistChapmanKelley.

B.TherearetwoovalgardensatDaleyBicentennialPark.

C.Thepublicvotedfordemolishingthegardens.

D.TheChicagoParkDistrictdidnotdeemitapieceofart.

46WhydidKellywinthelawsuit?

A.Kellyhadaverycapablelawyer.

B.TheParkDistricthadnorighttodemolishit.

C.TheParkDistrictshouldtakethepublic’sopinionfirst.

D.TheParkDistrictshouldhaveinformedKellyofthedemolition.

47What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthepresent“WildflowerworksI”?

A.Hetakesaneutralposition

B.Hebelievesinthelongarmofthelaw

C.Heregardsitamasterpieceofpublicart

D.Heisinfavorofdemolishingtheuglygarden.

【答案与解析】

42D 第一段提到公众对“WildflowerWorksI”的态度是“intheeyeofthebeholder”（情人眼里出西施），也就是说他们喜欢的就觉得好，不喜欢的就觉得不好，各有各的看法。

43C 本段提到therubs不懂艺术。rube村夫，乡下人。laymen外行，凡人。fool傻子，愚人。有句俗话Thefoolwander,thewisemantravel.是说愚人只知道瞎逛，智者才知道欣赏。可见这里的乡下人是指不懂得欣赏的愚人。

44B 第四段在描述完重新设计的thePark后，作者说他敢打赌，重新设计者家的地毯肯定与家具不协调，也就是说设计者极其没有艺术品味。

45C 选项A、B、D可分别在第一、二、三段找到相应的描述。文章提到thegardens是公众财产，公众也不喜欢它，但没提到公众投票将其拆毁。

46D 第五段提到花园受到thefederalVisualArtistsRightsAct的保护，thedistrict应该在采取行动前90天通知Kelly。

47D 最后一段作者提到他希望清除WildflowerWorksI的剩余部分，并说它是aneyesore（一个刺眼的东西）。由此可见作者支持拆毁这个花园。

 

PassageThree

Afewyearsago,intheirsearchforwaystosellmoregoods,advertisingmenhitonanewandcontroversialgimmick.Itisasilent,invisiblecommercialthat,theadmenclaim,canberushedpasttheconsumer’sconsciousmindandplantedinhissubconscious—andwithouttheconsumer’sknowledge.

DevelopedbyJamesVicary,aresearchmanwhostudieswhatmakespeoplebuy,thistechniquereliesonthepsychologicalprincipleofsubliminalperception.Scientiststellusthatmanyofthesightscomingtooureyesarenotconsciously“seen.”Weselectonlyafewforconscious“seeing”andignoretherest.Actuallythediscardedimpressionsarerecordedinthebrainthoughtheyarebelowthethresholdofconsciousness.

There’slittledoubtinVicary’smindastothesubliminalad’seffectiveness.Hisproofcanbesummedupinjusttwowords:salesincrease.

Inanunidentifiedmoviehousenotsolongago,unknownaudiencessawacuriousfilmprogram.Atthesametime,onthesamescreenonwhichthefilmherowascourtingtheheroineasubliminalprojectorwasflashingitsinvisiblecommercials.

“Getpopcorn,”orderedthecommercialforareportedonethree-thousandthsofasecondeveryfiveseconds.Itannounced“Coca-Cola”atthesamespeedandfrequencytootheraudiences.Attheendofasixweekstrial,popcornsaleshadgoneup57percent,Cokesales18percent.

ExperimentalFilmsInc.saysthetechniqueisnotnew.Itbeganresearchonsubliminalperceptionin1954.ExperimentalFilmsstressesthatitsequipmentwasdesignedforhelpingproblematicstudentsandtreatingthementallyill.AtNYUtwodoctorsshowedtwentywomentheprojectedimageofanexpressionlessface.Theytoldthesubjectstowatchthefaceforsomechangeofexpression.Thentheyflashedthewordangryonthescreenatsubliminalspeeds.Nowthewomenthoughtthefacelookedunpleasant.Whenthewordhappywasflashedonthescreeninstead,thesubjectsthoughtthewoman’sfacialexpressionlookedmuchmorepleasant.

Subliminaltechniques,itspromotersbelieve,aregoodformorethansellingpopcorn.Perhapstheprocesscanevenbeusedtosellpoliticalcandidates,byleavingafavorableimpressionofthecandidateinthemindsoftheelectoratessubliminally.

Howconvincingaretheseinvisiblecommercials?Skepticalpsychologistsanswerthattheyaren’tanywherenearaseffectiveastheadmenwouldliketothinktheyare.Nothinghasbeenprovenyetscientifically,saysaprominentresearchman.

48Subliminalperceptioniswhenone______.

A.hasanattempttobuywithagoodreason

B.recallssomepasteventsandactivities

C.enjoysseeingsomeimagesinhismind

D.getsamentalpicturewithoutconsciousness

49Toadvertisingsponsors,thetruetestofsubliminalprojectioniswhetherit______.

A.provesworththemoneyspent

B.cancreateamentalimpression

C.helpssellmoreoftheirproducts

D.canarouseangerintheaudience

50Subliminaladsareinvisiblebecausetheyareshownvery______.

A.fast

B.naturally

C.often

D.vaguely

51SubliminaltechniqueshaveNOTbeenusedfor______.

A.promotingsales

B.makingcommercials

C.curingmentalillness

D.sellingpoliticalcandidates

52Somepsychologistsseemtobelievethatsubliminalprojection______.

A.needsacautiousapplication

B.hasnoeffectonsales

C.benefitsthecustomers

D.causesamentalconfusion

53Whatistheauthor’spositiononsubliminalprojectioninads?

A.Herevealsnoneinthepassage.

B.Headvocatesitsprohibition.

C.Heconsidersitanexaggeration.

D.Heacclaimsitseffectiveness.

【答案与解析】

48D 第二段后三句话是科学家对subliminalperception的解释。subliminalperception阈下知觉。

49C 第七段提到试验的发起者相信subliminalprojection不仅有利于卖爆米花，还可以用来推销政治候选人。对广告赞助商来说他们的目的就是销售自己的“商品”。

50A “Getpopcorn,”orderedthecommercialforareportedonethree-thousandthsofasecondeveryfiveseconds.每五秒就有三千分之一秒的广告。题目问的是为什么阈下广告是隐形的，那是因为这种广告播放速度非常快，不醒目，但是能使人潜意识感觉到，故对消费者能产生影响。vaguely模糊不清的。

51D 倒数第二段提到promoters认为Perhapstheprocesscanevenbeusedtosellpoliticalcandidates，由此可见用此方法推销政治候选人还只是一种预想，还并未实现。

52A 最后一段中提到怀有疑虑的心理学家认为...theyaren’tanywherenearaseffectiveastheadmenwouldliketothinktheyare.subliminalprojection根本没有广告者期望的那么有效。所有的一切都还没经科学证实。因为还未证实，所以不能断言其对销售无影响，故选项B、C、D不正确。

53A 作者一直在陈述事实或是别人的观点看法，自己并未发表意见。

 

PassageFour

Walkingthroughmytrainyesterday,staggeringfrommyseattothebuffetandback,IcountedfivepeoplereadingHarryPotternovels.Notchildren—thesewererealgrown-upsreadingchildren’sbooks.

Maybethatwouldhavebeenunderstandable.Ifthesepeoplehadjumpedwhole-heartedlyintoasecondchildhood,itwouldhavemademoresense.Buttheywerecard-carryinggrown-upswithlaptopsandspreadsheetsreturningfromsalesmeetingsandseminars.Yettheychosetoreadachildren’sbook.

Idon’timagineyou’llfindthisheadcountexceptional.YoucannolongergetontheLondonTubeandnotseeaHarryPotterbook.Norisitjustthefilm;thesethrowbackreaderswereoutthereindroveslongbeforethemoviecampaignopened.

SowhoaretheseadultreaderswhohavemadeJKRowlingthesecond-biggestfemaleearnerinBritain(afterMadonna)?AsIhavetrampedalongstreetsknee-deepinHarryPotterpaperbacks,I’vementallyslottedthemintothreegroups.

FirstcometheNever-Readers,whomHarryhasenticedintoopeningabook.Isthisabadthing?Probablynot.Writinghasmanyadvantagesoverfilm,butitcannevercompetewithitsmagneticpunch.Ifthesebookscanre-establishthenovelasathrillingexperienceforsomepeople,thenthiscanonlybeforthebetter.Ifittakesobsession-levelhypetolurethemintoabookshop,that’sfinebyme.Butwilltheygoontoreadanythingelse?Again,wecanonlyhope.

ThesecondgrouparetheOccasionalReaders.Thesepeopleclaimthattiredness,workandchildrenallowthemtoreadonlyafewbooksayear.Yetnow—tobepartofthecrowd,tosaythey’vereadit—theyputHarryPotterontheiroh-so-selectreadinglist.It’sinfuriating,andmaddening.Yes,I’mawritermyself,currentlywritingdifficult,unreadable,hopefullyunsettlingnovels,buttherearesomanyothergoodbooksoutthere,somuchrewarding,enlightening,enlargingworksoffictionforadults;andyetthesesadcasesaresweptalongbythehype,thefaddism,intoreadingachildren’sbook.

ThethirdgrouparetheRegularReaders,forwhomHarryissandwichedbetweenMcEwan(英国当代作家)andBalzac,Roth(德国现代诗人)andDickens.Thisistherealbaffler—whatonearthdotheygetoutofreadingit?Whybother?Butiftheycanrattlethroughitinaweekjusttosaythey’vebeenthere—likegoingtoLongleat(朗利特山庄英国名胜)ortheEiffelTower—theworstthey’redoingisencouragingothers.

54What’sthepassagemainlyabout?

A.TheworldwidepopularityofHarryPotter.

B.AdultsbenefitingfromreadingHarryPotter.

C.TheoriginofHarryPotterasachildren’sbook.

D.ReflectionsonHarryPotter’spopularityamongadults.

55TheauthorbelievesthatmanyadultsreadHarryPotter______.

A.tofollowsuit

B.tokilltime

C.toenjoyasecondchildhood

D.toshareHarry’sadventures

56Accordingtotheauthor,theNever-Readers______

A.willtakeupreadingastheirlifelonghobby

B.havegotmorefromthebookthanfromthefilm

C.maybarelygetinterestedinotherbooksthanHarryPotter

D.canhardlybedrivenbythecrowdstoreadanybook

57TheOccasionalReadersarereferredtoassadcasesbecause______.

A.they’retoobusytoenjoyregularreading

B.they’resufferingfromtheheavyworkload

C.theyhaveahardtimeselectingwhattoread

D.theirreadingtasteisaffectedbyfashion

58What’sthebadeffectofthewaytheRegularReadersreadHarryPotter?

A.Itwillpromotetoomanyvisitstothebookmentions.

B.Itwilldiscouragepeoplefromreadingrealmasterpieces.

C.Itwillfosterreadingaspartofafast-foodculture.

D.Itwillcauseaconfusionoffaddismwithclassics.

59ThemainculpritforthismadnessaboutHarryPotterismostprobably______

A.JKRowling

B.thepublisher

C.themediahype

D.itsthrillingstories

【答案与解析】

54D 作者首先点明有很多成年人在读《哈里?波特》，然后将这些成年读者分为三类并简要分析了他们选择看这本书的原因。

55A 第六段作者提到那些偶尔读书的人读书是为了tobepartofthecrowd，最