李观仪《新编英语教程（5）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

Unit1一、词汇短语TextⅠ1clumsy[5klQmzi]adj.movingordoingthingsinaveryawkwardway笨拙的，拙劣的：Ispiltyourcoffee.Sorry—thatwasclumsyofme.我把你的咖啡弄洒了。对不起，我太笨了。2hammer[5hAmE]v.敲打n.atoolthatconsistsofaheavypieceofmetalattheendofahandle锤子：Toavoiddamagingthetree,hammerawoodenpegintothehole.为了避免毁坏这棵树，把一只木钉敲进那个洞里。3deft[deft]adj.skilfulandoftenquick灵巧的，敏捷熟练的：Withadeftflickofhiswrist,heextinguishedthematch.他的手腕灵巧地一抖，就熄灭了火柴。【扩展】近义词：dexterous灵巧的，熟练的4squarely[5skwɛrli]adv.directlyorinthemiddle,ratherthanindirectlyoratanangle正好、正中地：Ikeptthegunaimedsquarelyathiseyes.我一直把枪直直瞄准他的眼睛。5apt[Apt]adj.exactlysuitable适当的，恰当的：Thewordsofthisreportareasapttodayasin1929.这份报告的措辞在当今如在1929年一样恰当。6scrupulous[5skru:pjulEs]adj.correcteveninthesmallestdetail；exact严格认真的，审慎的：You’rebeingveryscrupulous,buttowhatend?你表现得很认真，但目的是什么呢？7subtle[5sQtl]adj.notverynoticeableorobvious细致的，微妙的，不易察觉的：Thetruthissubtlydifferent.事实略有不同。8shade[Feid]n.aslightdifferenceindegree轻微的区别；不同的程度9chap[tFAp]n.amanorboy家伙：“Iamaveryluckychap,”hecommented.“ThedoctorsweresurprisedthatIwasnotparalyzed.”“我是个非常幸运的家伙”，他解释说，“医生们都很惊奇我没有瘫痪。”10constitute[5kCnstitju:t]v.toformormakeup构成，组成：China’sethnicminoritiesconstitutelessthan7percentofitstotalpopulation.中国的少数民族构成总人口的不到7%。11ultimately[5QltimEtli]adv.intheend；aftereverythingoreveryoneelsehasbeentakenintoaccount最终地，最后地：Whateverthescientistsultimatelyconclude,alloftheirdatawillimmediatelyedisputed.无论科学家们最终得出什么结论，他们的所有数据将随即受到质疑。12kinship[5kinFip]n.a)thefactofbeingrelatedinafamily亲属thetiesofkinship家庭纽带；b)afeelingofbeingclosetosomebodybecauseyouhavesimilaroriginsorattitudes亲切感：Wetendtofeelkinshipwiththosewhosharethesamevalues.我们更倾向于和有相同价值观的人表现亲切感。【扩展】近义词：affinityn.密切关系13substitute[5sQbstitju:t]n.apersonorthingactingorusedinplaceofanother替代者，替代物：Paul’sfatheronlysawhimasasubstituteforhisdeadbrother.保罗的父亲只把他当作逝世的哥哥的替身。14cowardice[5kaJEdis]n.lackofcourage怯懦，胆小：Hisgirlfriendisdisgustedathiscowardice.他的女友讨厌他的懦弱。【扩展】同根词：cowardn.懦弱的人15rife[raif]adj.widespread普遍的；充满…的，流行的：ThestreetswererifewithrumorsofthePresident’sresignation.大街小巷都充斥着总统辞职的谣传。16manliness[5mAnlinis]n.qualitiestypicaloforsuitabletoaman刚毅，男子气17singularity[7sin^ju5lAriti]n.strangeness奇特，特性，非凡：Onecannotfailtobestruckbythesingularityofhissculptures.没有人不为他的雕塑的魅力所折服。18malapropism[5mAlE5prCpizEm]n.anoftenamusingmisuseofaword,suchthatthewordincorrectlyusedsoundssimilartotheintendedwordbutmeanssomethingquitedifferent词语误用19oddity[5Cditi]n.strangeness;astrangeorunusualperson,thing,etc.古怪，怪癖的人或事：Iwaspuzzledbytheoddityofherbehavior.她行为古怪我感到莫名其妙。【扩展】同根词：oddadj.古怪的，奇怪的20leader[5li:dE]n.anarticleinanewspapergivingthepapersopiniononamatter,ratherthanreportinginformation社论21coercion[kEu5E:FEn]n.theactofmaking(anunwillingpersonorgroup)dosomethingbyforce,threats,etc.orfactofbeingmadetodosomethingbyforce强迫，威压，高压政治：Hepaidthemoneyundercoercion.他被迫付了钱。22epitomize[i5pitEmaiz]v.betypicalof;serveasthetypicalexampleof成……的缩影，是……的典型范例：Afascinatingpartofthistremendoussocietalchangeisthepeoplewhoepitomizeit.这个巨大的社会变化中的一个迷人的部分，是那些有代表性的人们。23distill[di5stil]v.totakeandseparatethemostimportantpartsof(abook，asubject，etc.)提炼，吸取……的精华：ThenotesImadeonmytravelsweredistilledintoabook.我对旅游的注释来自于一本书。24indigent[5indidVEnt]adj.poor,lackingmoneyandgoods贫穷的，贫困的：Howdoyouknowwhensomeoneisindigent?不过，你怎么知道谁是穷人呢？25equivalent[i5kwivElEnt]n.Ifoneamountorvalueistheequivalentofanother,theyarethesame对等物，同等物【扩展】同根词：equivalencen.等值，等效26patrol[pE5trEul]v.togoatregulartimesround(anarea，building，etc.)toseethatthereisnotrouble，thatnooneistryingtogetinoroutillegally…巡逻，巡查【扩展】形近词：petroln.汽油27tread[tred]v.towalkalong,follow;step踩，踏：treadsth.踩碎28strut[strQt]v.towalkproudlyandstiffly,withthechestpushedforwardsandtryingtolookimportant高视阔步，大摇大摆地走：Hestrutsaroundtownlikeheownstheplace.他在城里趾高气扬地走着，好像他拥有着这地方似的。29stroll[strEul]v.towalkashortdistanceslowlyorlazilyforpleasure漫步，闲逛：Afterdinner,Istrolledaroundthecity.晚饭后，我绕着城溜达了一圈。30sidle[5saidl]v.tomoveuncertainlyorsecretively,asifreadytoturnandgotheotherway(秘密地或羞怯地)侧身而行：Hesidledintotheroom.他侧身溜进房间。31trudge[trQdV]v.towalkwithheavysteps,slowlyandwitheffort跋涉：Hetrudged20milesthroughthedeepsnow.他在深雪之中跋涉了20英里。32toddle[5tCdl]v.towalkwithshortunsteadysteps,asasmallchilddoes蹒跚学步，东倒西歪地走：Ihavetowatchhimallthetimenowthathe’stoddling.因为他走路不稳，所以我必须时刻观察他。33loiter[5lCitE]v.tomoveslowlyorkeepstoppingwhenoneshouldbegoingforward游荡，边走边停34creep[kri:p]v.tomoveslowly,quietly,andcarefully,soasnottoattractattention徐行；蹑足前进：Asshebecamemoretired,errorsbegantocreepintoherwork.由于越来越疲劳，她的工作开始出现差错。35dismay[dis5mei]v.tofillwithastrongfeelingoffear,anxiety,andhopelessness使沮丧，使惊恐，使惊慌：Theirreactiondismayedhim.他们的表现令他沮丧。n.aworried,sadfeelingafteryouhavereceivedanunpleasantsurprise惊愕，沮丧：tosb.’sdismay令某人沮丧的是……36distinguished[dis5tiN^wiFt]adj.verysuccessfulandadmiredbyotherpeople卓越的，杰出的，出众的：adistinguishedcareerinmedicine医药界的成功事业TextⅡ1amateur[5AmEtE(:)]adj.beingapersonwhopaintspictures,performsplays,takespartinsports,etc.forenjoymentandwithoutbeingpaidforit业余爱好者；外行：Thetournamentisopentobothamateursandprofessionals.业余爱好者和专业选手均可参加锦标赛。【扩展】反义词：professionaln.专业运动员2journeyman[5dVE:nimEn]n.anexperiencedpersonwhoseworkisfairly(butnotvery)good熟练工3decode[7di:5kEud]v.todiscoverthemeaningof(somethingwritteninacode)译解；解码4suspicious[sEs5piFEs]adj.believingtobeguiltorwrongdoing;nottrusting疑心的，不信任的，多疑的：Theyweresuspiciousandresentfulofhim.他们怀疑并且憎恨他。【扩展】派生词：suspicionn.怀疑6supposedly[sE5pEuzidli]adv.asisbelieved,asitappears想象上，据推测，大概：Supposedlyittakesaboutaweektoadjusttoit.估计我们需要花一周的时间去调整适应它。7euphoric[ju:5fCrik]adj.extremelyhappy欣快的：Myeuphoricmoodcouldnotlast.我高兴的情绪不能持续太久。8prune[pru:n]v.toreduceorremove(anythinguselessorunwanted)from(something)bymakingcarefulchoices删除；修剪10spontaneous[spCn5teinjEs,-niEs]adj.happeningasaresultofnaturalfeelingsorcause,withoutoutsideforceorinfluence,orwithoutbeingplanned自然产生的，自发的：ataperecordingofspontaneousspeech流畅的演讲录音11simultaneously[simEl5teiniEsly]adv.byhappeningordoneatexactlythesametime同时地【扩展】同根词：simultaneousadj.同时的12sequence[5si:kwEns]n.agroupofthingsthatarearrangedinorhappeninanorder,followingoneanotherintime系列事物；次序：insequence按照序列13anticipate[An5tisipeit]v.toguessorimagineinadvance(whatwillhappen)andtakethenecessaryactioninordertobeready预期；预先做；期望：Ouranticipatedarrivaltimeis8:30.我们预计的到达时间是