湖南大学外国语与国际教育学院《211翻译硕士英语》专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

2010年湖南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解PartIVocabularyandStructure(30)SectionAEachofthefollowingsentencesisincompleteandisfollowedby4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.(20×0.5′=10points)1．Afterworkingforthefirmfortenyearshefinally_____therankofdeputy&rector.A.achievedB.approachedC.attainedD.acquired【答案】C查看答案【解析】attain通常是达到一定的等级和职位，比如：rank，level。acquire，主要指习得，通过学习模仿才能得到，所以后面常跟宾语如，knowledge，habit。achieve尽管是达到，但更强调达到后的成就感，achievesuccess。2．Thepersonheinterviewedwas_____hisformerschoolmate.A.nootherthanB.nomorethanC.noneotherthanD.nonetheless【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他采访的人不是别人，正是他以前的同学。noneotherthan意思是“恰是，不是别人而正是…”，用以指人。nootherthan表示“不是别的(事)，正是”，指事物。nonetheless依然。3．Ifnot_____withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreated【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：如果杰克得不到他感觉自己应得的尊重的话，他就会脾气暴躁，一直抱怨。这里treat的逻辑主语不是Jack，而是别人，Jack应该是“被对待”，因此要用过去分词形式。4．Itwassuggestedthatallgovernmentministersshould_____informationontheirfinancialinterests.A.discoverB.uncoverC.tellD.disclose【答案】D查看答案【解析】disclose侧重揭露或公开鲜为人知或保密的事。uncover只用于贬义，一般译作“揭露”。5．Thepolicemenwentintoaction_____theyheardthealarm.A.promptlyB.presentlyC.quicklyD.directly【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：警察一听到警报，就采取了行动。directly在这里是“一……就”的意思，引导时间状语从句，相当于assoonas，同样用法的还有immediately，instantly。6．Eveniftheyareonsale,theserefrigeratorsareequalinpriceto,ifnotmoreexpensivethan,_____attheotherstore.A.anyoneB.theothersC.thatD.theones【答案】D查看答案【解析】代词one可以用来替代前面提到过的名词，以避免重复。如果它替代的名词是复数，则用ones。本题中它代替refrigerators，为特指，故用theones。7．_____,hedoesgetinitiatedwithhersometimes.A.AshelikeshermuchB.MuchthoughhelikesherC.ThoughmuchhelikeherD.Muchashelikesher【答案】D查看答案【解析】这句话是as引导的让步状语从句，其句式为：名词/动词/副词/形容词＋as＋主语＋谓语动词（助动词）/情态动词/be。8．Expertsaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersonto_____healthy.A.preserveB.stayC.maintainD.reserve【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：专家说步行是让一个人保持健康的最好的方式之一。preserve,stay,maintain,reserve这4个词均有“保持”，“维持”之意。stay后可接形容词作表语。stayhealthy保持健康。9．Asforthewinter,itisinconvenienttobecold,withmostof_____furnacefuelisallowedsavedforthedawn.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.such【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：至于冬天，天气很冷生活很不方便，因此把拨给的大部分燃料节省下来留着黎明时使用。what引导宾语从句，whatfurnacefuelisallowed是个整体，被分配的燃料。10．Forthere_____successfulcommunication,theremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussionitselfbyallpresent.A.isB.tobeC.willbeD.being【答案】B查看答案【解析】therebe用作介词for的宾语时，要用theretobe的形式。11．Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit_____aswellaswehadhoped.A.cameoffB.wentoffC.broughtoutD.madeout【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：在深谷里建立发电站是一个大胆的设想，但是它却正如我们所希望的那样得以实现了。comeoff举行，实现。gooff离开；进行。bringout出版，生产。makeout理解；辨认出。12．Whenanumberofpeople______togetherinaconversationalknot,eachindividualexpresseshispositioninthegroupbywherehestands.A.padB.packC.squeezeD.cluster【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：当很多人聚在一起讨论时，每个人都在这个小组里表达自己的立场。clustertogether集中，聚在一起。13．Accordingtowhatyouhavejustsaid,amItounderstandthathisnewpost_____noresponsibilitywithitatall?A.shouldersB.possessesC.carriesD.shares【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：根据你刚才说的，我是否可以理解为他的新职位不必承担任何责任？carryresponsibility意为“承担责任”，主语可以是物也可以是人。shoulderresponsibility意为“承担……的责任”，但其主语应为某人而非某物。shareresponsibility意为“分担责任”。根据题意，选项C为正确答案。14．TheAmericandreamismost_____duringtheperiodsofproductivityandwealthgeneratedbyAmericancapitalism.A.plausibleB.patrioticC.primitiveD.partial【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：在美国的资本主义带来生产率的提高与财富增加的那段时期，美国梦看起来最可信。plausible貌似可信的。patriotic爱国的。primitive原始的。15．Tom’smothertriedhardtopersuadehimto_____fromhisintentiontoinvesthissavingsinstockmarket.A.pulloutB.giveupC.drawinD.backdown【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：汤姆的妈妈竭力劝他放弃自己原来的想法，转而将积蓄投入股票市场。backdownfrom放弃。pullout离开，撤离。drawin引诱；进站。16．France’s_____ofnucleartestingintheSouthPacificlastmonthtriggeredpoliticaldebatesandmassdemonstrations.A.assumptionB.consumptionC.presumptionD.resumption【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：法国上月在南太平洋恢复核试验触发了政治辩论和大规模游行。resumption恢复；重新开始。presumption放肆，傲慢。17．MyfavoriteradiosongistheoneIfirstheardonathick1923EdisondiscI_____atagaragesale.A.trifledwithB.scrapedthroughC.stumbleduponD.thirstedfor【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：我最喜欢的收音机歌曲是第一次听到的1923年艾迪逊唱片上的一首歌，这是我在一次车库甩卖中偶然听到的。stumbleupon偶然发现。triflewith玩弄；视同儿戏。scrapethrough勉强通过。thirstfor渴望。18．JeanWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatit_____inreligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.A.istobeanalyzedB.hasbeenanalyzedC.beanalyzedD.shouldhavebeenanalyzed【答案】C查看答案【解析】在表示要求、愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的名词同位语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。19．Inspiteofthewiderangeofreadingmaterialspeciallywrittenor_____forlanguagelearningpurposes,thereisyetnocomprehensivesystematicprogrammeforthereadingskills.A.adaptedB.acknowledgedC.assembledD.appointed【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：尽管有许多针对语言学习所专门创作或改编而来的阅读材料，但是目前还没有关于阅读技巧全面而又系统的规划。adapt在这里是“改编”的意思。20．Thepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainlynot_____theirprospectofpromotion.A.spurB.furtherC.induceD.reinforce【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：雇员们追求休闲当然不会有利于他们晋升。further指推动其他事物向前发展。SectionB.Cloze(20×0.5′=10points)OnemajorreasonforGermany’shighunemploymentandtheevidentweaknessofbusinessinvestmentisthenatureofthetaxsystem,whichtendsto(21)_____bothindividualeffortandinvestment.(22)_____corporatetaxratesare,infact,veryhighanditistheseratesthatpotentialinvestorsprimarilylookat.However,theactualburden(23)_____bycompaniesisnotasgreatasitmightseem,becausethetaxbaseisfairlynarrow.Thiscombinationinitselftendstoencouragetax(24)_____atboththepersonaland(25)_____levels.Moreover,byinternationalstandards,firmsinGermanyarestilltaxedquiteheavily.Areformofcorporatetaxation,therefore,shouldstartby(26)_____taxrates,cutting(27)_____andbroadeningthetaxablebase.Theresultingpositiveimpactongrowthwouldbereinforcediftherewerealsoasubstantial(28)_____ofthenetburden.Howdothecurrentplansforareformofcorporatetaxation(29)_____thesegoals？Theoveralltaxburdenoncompaniesistobebroughtdownsignificantly,withthe(30)_____of35%beingset.Tothis(31)_____,adramaticreductioninthecorporatetaxon(32)_____earningsisplanned.Therelateddropinrevenuesistobe(33)_____bychangesintherulesgoverningtaxbreaks.Anapproachincorporatingthesebasicfeatureswould,beawelcomestep.Ifrealizedinitspresentform,itshouldensurethattheobjectiveofmakingtaxratesmoreattractiveforbusinessesisachieved.Atthesametime,however,itwouldbe(34)_____ifanexcessivebroadeningofthetaxablebasemadeitimpossibletoattaintheequallyimportantgoalofprovidingrelief.ComprehensivetaxreformisneededinGermanyto(35)_____investmentandtocreatenewjobs,thusputtingtheeconomyonahighergrowthpath.Thedropinrevenuescausedbythetaxreliefgrantedtobothcompaniesand(36)_____would,(37)_____,beatleastpartiallyoffsetbythelargervolumeoftax(38)_____producedbyeconomicgrowth.Thegapsthatremainedshouldprimarilybeclosedthroughspendingcuts.Ifmeasureofthissortprovedinadequate,then,asalast(39)_____,anincreasein(40)_____taxescouldperhapsbeconsidered.21．A.spurB.encourageC.lessenD.discourage22．A.NominalB.ArtificialC.RealD.False23．A.keptB.paidC.borneD.accepted24．A.paymentB.avoidanceC.aversionD.control25．A.corporateB.company’sC.corporatedD.corporation26．A.increasingB.inducingC.reducingD.deducing27．A.subsidiariesB.subsidiesC.bonusesD.awards28．A.freezingB.tighteningC.looseningD.easing29．A.reflectB.measureuptoC.incorporateD.comeupto30．A.floorB.topC.bottomD.ceiling31．A.endB.purposeC.sideD.means32．A.earnedB.disposableC.retainedD.taxable33．A.offsetB.writtenoffC.paidoffD.repelled34．A.comprehensiveB.unfortunateC.objectiveD.adaptable35．A.exacerbateB.deteriorateC.broadenD.spur36．A.consumersB.societiesC.householdsD.individuals37．A.ontimeB.overtimeC.intimeD.intruth38．A.receiptsB.reliefC.revenuesD.grants39．A.meansB.resortC.approachD.methodology40．A.progressiveB.directC.regressiveD.indirect【答案与解析】21．B 所选动词的宾语为“individualeffortandinvestment”，因此应该选encourage。22．A 下文说到这些税实际上很高，但是“thetaxbaseisfairlynarrow”，由此可见并不是真正地高。nominal名义上的；有名无实的。23．C 空白处动词的宾语为burden，因此要选borne（忍受；负荷）。24．B 前文说到税看起来很高，但实际上税基很窄，由此可见二者的结合鼓励了他们合法避税。taxavoidance（合法）避税。25．A and前为personal，因此该空应该填corporate（企业的）。26．C 根据文意可知，该空应该与“cutting”意思相近，与“broadening”意思相反。27．B 这里的意思应该是“降低税率，减少补贴，扩大征税基础”。subsidy补贴；津贴。subsidiary子公司。28．D 前半句说到“对经济增长的积极作用将加强”，因此这里应该是“减少”负担。29．B 根据后面的“goals”可知，应该选measureupto（符合；达到）。30．D 由后面的upto可知，这里应该是最大值，即“上限”。ceiling上限。31．A 空白处后面说到了具体的措施，由此可见是为了达到前一句话所说的内容。tothisend为了这个目的。32．C retainedearnings为会计术语，意思是“留存收益”。33．A 这里的意思是“收入的相关下降将会被税收减免规则的改变所抵消。”34．C 句意：然而，与此同时，如果过度扩大应税税基使提供救济的同等重要目标无法实现，这也是有可能客观出现的情况。35．D 空白处动词后的宾语为investment，因此应该选spur。36．C 这里说到的是“税收减免对公司和造成的收入下降”，这里应该填的是征税的对象，因此应该填households（家庭，家户）。37．C 这里的意思是应该税收减免造成的收入下降应该“及时”被税收收入所抵消。intime及时。38．A 该空填的内容应该与收入下降所抵消，因此应该填“收入”。39．B asalastresort作为最后手段；万不得已。40．D 前文提到的措施都是针对直接向纳税人征收的税，即直接税，最后说到如果这些措施都不可行，那就可以考虑增加“间接税”。indirecttax间接税。SectionCDirections:Thereisanunderlinedpartineachofthefollowingsentences.Choosefromthe4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andDtosubstitutetheunderlinedpartmostapproximatelyandappropriately.Writeyouranswerontheanswersheet.(10×0.5′=5points)41．Thegovernmenthasissuedanewbookletlayingdownguidelinesforsafetyatwork.A.inscribingB.subscribingC.ascribingD.prescribing【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：政府发布了一本新的小册子，为工作安全制定了指导方针。laydown放下；制定。prescribe规定。inscribe题写；题献。subscribe签署；赞成。ascribe归因于。42．Adespotisarulerwhokeepsallpowertohimselforherself.A.hooliganB.rascalC.tyrantD.swindler【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：暴君是一个把所有权力都握在自己手里的统治者。despot专制君主，暴君。tyrant暴君。hooligan流氓，恶棍。rascal流氓，无赖。swindler骗子。43．TheyfoundithardtounderstandthatTomwhohadoncestronglydetestedpetdogscouldbesoengrossedinpetraisingthesedays.A.destituteB.absorbedC.engulfedD.captured【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：汤姆曾经一度非常讨厌宠物狗，现在却对宠物的饲养十分痴迷，这让他们很难理解。engrossedin埋头于，热衷于。absorbedin专心；热衷于……。destitute穷困的；无的。44．LastSundayshecametovisitusoutoftheblue.A.unexpectedlyB.unhappilyC.untidilyD.unofficially【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：上星期天，她意外来访。outoftheblue突然地；意外地。unexpectedly出乎意料地，意外地。untidily不整洁地；凌乱地。45．Theywerefuriouswhenoneoneoftheirbestmanagerswaspoachedbyanothercompany.A.headhuntedB.punchedC.plunderedD.probed【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：当最好的经理之一被另一家公司挖走时，他们非常愤怒。poach偷猎；窃取。headhunt猎头，物色人才。punch开洞；以拳重击。plunder掠夺；抢劫。probe探查。46．Theinkhadfadedwithtimeandsopartsoftheletterwereunreadable.A.indelibleB.inscrutableC.illegibleD.illegitimate【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：墨水随着时间的推移已经褪色，所以这封信的某些部分无法阅读。illegible难辨认的；字迹模糊的。indelible难忘的；擦不掉的。inscrutable神秘的；不可理解的。illegitimate私生的；非法的。47．Shebristledatthesuggestionthatshehadbeendishonest.A.bridledB.bridgedC.breathedD.boasted【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：她对别人关于她不诚实的说法十分愤怒。bristleat对……感到愤怒。bridleat为……所激怒，生……的气。boast夸口说，自吹自擂说。48．TheRomanssubduedalargepartofEuropeandtheMiddleEast.A.submittedB.surpassedC.conqueredD.oppressed【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：罗马人征服了欧洲和中东的大部分地区。subdue镇压，制服。conquer战胜，征服。surpass超越；胜过。oppress压迫，压抑。49．Thewaitressesdislikedservinghimhisdinnerbecauseofhisveryfastidioustaste.A.fancyB.capriciousC.meticulousD.corpulent【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：服务员不喜欢为他提供晚餐，因为他的品味非常挑剔。fastidious挑剔的；苛求的。meticulous一丝不苟的；小心翼翼的。capricious反复无常的；任性的。corpulent肥胖的。50．Ifthegrandjuryindictsthesuspecthewillgototrial.A.agreesB.chargesC.abdicatesD.confesses【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：如果大陪审团起诉嫌疑犯，他将出庭受审。indict控告，起诉。charge指控，控告。abdicate退位；放弃。confess承认；坦白。SectionDDirections:Fillineachblankbyreferringtothewordgivenintheparaphrasesandchangingtheformofthewordifnecessary.Pleasewriteyouranswersontheanswersheet.(10×0.5′=5points)51．WhetherornotHugowasawall-painter,therecordsofhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscriptpainterattesttohis_____.(versatile).【答案】versatility查看答案【解析】versatile为形容词，意思是“多才多艺的，万能的”，这里应该填入其名词形式。52．Medicine’sfinesthourbecomesthedawnofitsdilemmas.Forcenturies,medicinewasimpotentandhence_____.(problem).【答案】unproblematic查看答案【解析】句意：医学的最佳时期是其困境的曙光。几个世纪以来医学的无能从今以后将不成问题。由第一句话可知，医学即将走出困境，hence表示“今后”，因此这里应该填一个有积极意义的形容词。53．Whatanignominiousdestinyformedicineifitsfutureturnedintooneofbestowingmeagerincrementsof_____life.(enjoy)【答案】unenjoyed查看答案【解析】句意：如果医学未来只是起延长痛苦的生命的作用，那么它的命运将多么可耻啊！ignominious的意思是“可耻的”，因此空白处应该填一个消极的形容词。54．Medicinehasledtovastlyinflatedexpectations,whichthepublichaseagerlyswallowed.Yetastheseexpectationsgrowunlimited,theybecome_____.(fulfill)【答案】unfulfillable查看答案【解析】句意：药物给公众带来了过高的期望。然而，随着这些期望的无限增长，它们也变得越来越无法实现。由句意可知，公众对药物的期望越来越高，这些期望也就越来越无法实现。55．Therushtoopenhitherto_____areastomasstourismisnotbeingwelcomedbyeveryone.IndigenousandenvironmentalgroupssaythatmanypartsoftheAndeswillsufferiftheybecomeover-developed.(access)【答案】inaccessible查看答案【解析】由句中的“open”即后文的“manypartsoftheAndes”可知，这里说的是“人迹罕至的”地区。56．Thefourstagesidentifiedinmakingachangearecalled_____(resistingthechange),contemplation(weighingtheprosandconsofthechange),action(exercisingwillpowertomakethechange),andmaintenance(usingwillpowertosustainthechange).(contemplate)【答案】precontemplation查看答案【解析】由句子可知，这一阶段在contemplation之前，给出的提示词又是contemplate，因此是“前预期阶段”。57．Investorsseekingacheap,no-frillswaytosell_____sharesneedlooknofurtherthanthepostbox.(private)【答案】privatization查看答案【解析】privatizationshares私有化股份。58．Thefirstchapterdiscussesaspectsofthe_____oftechnologicalchangeandthengoesontoconsiderwhattheliteraturehashadtosay.(concept)【答案】conceptualization查看答案【解析】这里的意思是“第一章讨论了技术变革的概念化”。conceptualization概念化；化为概念。59．Medical_____isdesignedtobeunsatisfying.Theprolongationoflifeandandthesearchforperfecthealth(beauty,youth,happiness)areinherentlyself-defeating.(consume)【答案】consumerism查看答案【解析】“Theprolongationoflifeandthesearchforperfecthealth”为“medical_____”的内容，因此填consumerism。60．Noamountofgovernmentexhortationor_____willcompletelyeliminatetheproblemofoldpeoplewhohaveinsufficientmeanstomakeendsmeet.(paternal)【答案】paternalism查看答案【解析】由or前的exhortation可知，这里应该填入一个名词。paternalism家长式统治。PartIReadingComprehension(40points)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagefollowedby5questions.Readthepassagecarefullyandthengivebriefanswerstothequestionsbelowinthefewestwordspossible.(5×2′=10)Passage1Everysecond,1hectareoftheworld’srainforestisdestroyed.That’sequivalenttotwofootballfields.AnareathesizeofNewYorkCityislosteveryday.Inayear,thataddsupto31millionhectares—morethanthelandareaofPoland.Thisalarmingrateofdestructionhasseriousconsequencesfortheenvironment;scientistsestimate,forexample,that137speciesofplant,insectoranimalbecomeextincteverydayduetologging.InBritishColumbia,where,since1990,thirteenrainforestvalleyshavebeenclearcut,142speciesofsalmonhavealreadybecomeextinct,andthehabitatsofgrizzlybears,wolvesandmanyothercreaturesarethreatened.Logging,however,providesjobs,profits,taxesforthegovernmentandcheapproductsofallkindsforconsumers,sothegovernmentisreluctanttorestrictorcontrolit.MuchofCanada’sforestryproductiongoestowardsmakingpulpandpaper.AccordingtotheCanadianPulpandPaperAssociation,Canadasupplies34%oftheworld’swoodpulpand49%ofitsnewsprintpaper.Ifthesepaperproductscouldbeproducedinsomeotherway,Canadianforestscouldbepreserved.Recently,apossiblealternativewayofproducingpaperhasbeensuggestedbyagriculturalistsandenvironmentalists:aplantcalledhemp.Hemphasbeencultivatedbymanyculturesforthousandsofyears.Itproducesfiberwhichcanbemadeintopaper,fuel,oils,textiles,food,andrope.Formanycenturies,itwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountriesbecauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships;colonialexpansionandtheestablishmentofaworldwidetradingnetworkwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouthemp.Nowadays,ships’cablesareusuallymadefromwireorsyntheticfibers,butscientistsarenowsuggestingthatthecultivationofhempshouldberevivedfortheproductionofpaperandpulp.Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees,andmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthelarge-scalecultivationofhempcouldreducethepressureonCanada’sforests.However,thereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountriesoftheworld.Thisplant,sousefulforfiber,rope,oil,fuelandtextiles,isaspeciesofcannabis,relatedtotheplantfromwhichmarijuanaisproduced.Inthelate1930s,amovementtobanthedrugmarijuanabegantogatherforce,resultingintheeventualbanningofthecultivationnotonlyoftheplantusedtoproducethedrug,butalsoofthecommercialfiber-producinghempplant.AlthoughbothGeorgeWashingtonandThomasJeffersongrewhempinlargequantitiesontheirownland,anyAmericangrowingtheplanttodaywouldsoonfindhimselfinprison—despitethefactthatmarijuanacannotbeproducedfromthehempplant,sinceitcontainsalmostnoTHC(theactiveingredientinthedrug).Inrecentyears,twomajormovementsforlegalizationhavebeengatheringstrength.OnegroupofactivistsbelievesthatALLcannabisshouldbelegal—boththehempplantandthemarijuanaplant—andthattheuseofthedrugmarijuanashouldnotbeanoffense.Theyarguethatmarijuanaisnotdangerousoraddictive,andthatitisusedbylargenumbersofpeoplewhoarenotcriminalsbutproductivemembersofsociety.Theyalsopointoutthatmarijuanaislesstoxicthanalcoholortobacco.Theotherlegalizationmovementisconcernedonlywiththehempplantusedtoproducefiber;thisgroupwantstomakeitlegaltocultivatetheplantandsellthefiberforpaperandpulpproduction.Thissecondgrouphashadamajortriumphrecently:in1997,Canadalegalizedthefarmingofhempforfiber.Forthefirsttimesince1938,hundredsoffarmersareplantingthiscrop,andsoonwecanexpecttoseepulpandpaperproducedfromthisnewsource.1．WhyispulpandpaperproductionimportanttoCanada?2．Whoissuggestingthatpulpandpapercouldbeproducedwithoutcuttingdowntrees?3．Whywastheplanthempessentialtoworld-widetradeinthepast?4．Whydoagriculturaliststhinkthathempwouldbebetterforpaperproductionthantrees?5．Whatchemicalingredientofcannabisplantsisapowerfuldrug?【答案与解析】1．Becausepulpandpaperproductionprovideslargebenefitsforbothgovernmentsandconsumers.（第一段最后一句说到，由于伐木为政府提供了就业机会、利润和税收，为消费者提供了廉价产品，因此政府不愿限制或控制它。）2．Agriculturalistsandenvironmentalists.（第二段最后一句说到，农业学家和环保主义者提出了一种可能的替代方法：一种叫做大麻的植物。）3．Becauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships.（由第三段可知，许多个世纪以来，它对许多国家的经济都是至关重要的，因为它被用来制造帆船上使用的绳索；没有大麻，殖民扩张和建立世界范围的贸易网络将不可能完成。）4．Becausefourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees.（第三段最后说到在同样多的土地上，种植大麻所造的纸是种树造纸数量的四倍。）5．THC.（倒数第二段最后说到了THC是毒品中的有效成分。）SectionBDirections:Thereare7passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.(30×1′=30points)Passage2Themostpreciousfluidonearthisnotoil,butwater.Waterisbasictolifeandhealth.Apersoncansurviveseveraldaysorevenweekswithoutfood,butonlyashorttimewithoutwater.Over1billionpeopleworldwidehavenoaccesstosafedrinkingwater.Therearefewchallengesasimportantasconservingtheworld’susablewaterandsupplyingcleandrinkingwaterandwaterforirrigationtothosewhoneedit.Yetthisworkisnotgettingdone.Humansaredepletingtheearth’sstoreofusablewaterataratethatwillsoonthreatenourfoodsupply.Poorwatermanagementalreadykillsmillionsofpeopleayearandcondemnshundredsofmillionstohunger.Thetechnologyexiststosolvetheseproblems.Providingslumswithdrinkingwaterandsanitation,forexample,iseasytodoandacost-effectivewaytopreventdeathsanddisease.Butbecausethosewhosufferarepoor,theiraccesstowaterisrarelyapoliticalpriority.Thereisnowanopportunityforprogress.Morethan100waterministersfromaroundtheworld,alongwiththousandsofwaterexpertsfromvillagerstoscientists,havegatheredintheNetherlands.Theconferencewillbeusefulifitcanpersuadegovernmentsandinternationalbankstopaymoreattentiontoconservationandfairdistributionofwater.In1980,theU.N.setagoalofsafedrinkingwaterforallby1990.Becauseofinternationalprodding,abouttwobillionnewpeoplereceivedcleandrinkingwateroverthesubsequent14years.Anewcommitmentisurgentlyneededtospreadthesehealthgains,helppoorfarmersandconservetheworld’sprecioussupplyofusablewater.6．Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto_____.A.entertainB.persuadeC.informD.tellastory7．Theorganizationalpatternusedinthispassageisbestdescribedas_____.A.chronologicalorderB.simplelistingofideasC.division/classificationD.spatialorder8．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthepartsofthefollowingsentencefromthepassage?"Butbecausethosewhosufferarepoor,theiraccesstowaterisrarelyapoliticalpriority."A.cause/effectB.listingofideasC.comparison/contrastD.placeorder9．Whichstatementfromthepassageisafact?A.Themostpreciousfluidonearthisnotoil,butwater.B.Fewchallengesareasimportantasconservingusablewater.C.Anewcommitmentisurgentlyneeded.D.Abouttwobillionnewpeoplereceivedcleandrinkingwater.10．Theauthor’stoneinthispassagecanbestbedescribedas_____.A.neutralB.impassionedC.opinionatedD.hostile【答案与解析】6．B本文主要介绍了水的重要性和如今存在的一些问题，最后呼吁人们“spreadthesehealthgains,helppoorfarmersandconservetheworld’sprecioussupplyofusablewater”，由此可见本文的主要目的是劝说人们珍惜宝贵的水。7．B此题问道本文的组织模式是怎样的，文章中作者罗列了一些现象，由此表达了他的观点，因此B项正确。chronologicalorder时间顺序。spatialorder空间顺序。8．A由这句话中的“because”可知，两个分句之间是因果关系。9．D题目问道下列哪项陈述是事实。最后一段第二句说到，由于国际上的努力，能够引用干净的饮用水的人新增了大约20亿。10．C由文章中“Themostpreciousfluidonearthisnotoil,butwater.”，“Therearefewchallengesasimportantasconservingtheworld’susablewater...”可知，作者的说法夸张，因此他的语气是“武断的”。Passage3ExpertssaytheseprogramsareprobablytheonesusedtojamtheInternet’smostpopularsites:CalledTribalVillage,abbreviatedTFN,andTrinoo.TheyareInternettimebombs.AllisonTaylorofNetworkAssociatessays,"They’reroadmapsforpeopletocopyfromandthenyouhavecopycatattacksoverandoverandover."Wefoundtheminseveralplaces;they’reprepackaged.Thehackerdownloadsandhackstheprogramintoanumberofunsuspectingcomputers.JohnVranesevichofAsays,"Thatsoftwareapplicationsimplysitstheredormantuntilahackerhasgottenalargeenoughcollectionthathechoosestoactivatethose,andthenfromhismachinehecanactivatethoseandpointthentoaspecifictarget."Thetargetssofarthisweek,atleast,Yahoo,eBay,Amazon,CNN,Buy,eTradeandzdNet.Thecostsaremounting.PhilipAllinghamofZDTVsays,"There’sadvertisingrevenuethatcomesfromthebanners,butmoreimportantly,providingnewsandinformationoutthereforourviewership.Theycan’tcomeandfindoutfromus;they’regoingtogosomewhereelse."Thiskindofhackfloodsawebsitewithsomanyrequestsitcan’tcope.SourcestellCNNthatYahoowashammeredwithrequestsatonegigabytepersecond.That’slike104-millionpeopledialinginatonce.ThewebsiteAntiOnlinepoststhesoftwarepubliclyhopingsomeonewillcreateafix.RichardPoweroftheComputerSecurityInstitutesays,"Theonlythingsyoucandoissecureyoursitewellenoughsothatyoursitecan’tbeusedbyahackerasalaunchingpoint."Andmanyfailedthetest.AllisonTaylorsays,"Forthisattacktohappenonallthesecompanies,therehadtobelotsofcomputersouttherethatwerevulnerable."Webmastersareinatoughspot.KevinPursegloveofeBaysays,"ThebasicaspectofanInternetsiteistobeopenandaccessibletothepublic."Andvulnerabletowhatexpertsarenowcallinghacktivists.Whydothis?Bestguess:acclaimfromotherhackers.KevinPurseglovesays,"andiftheyweren’toutbreakingthesesitesandtryingtotakethemdown,they’dbeouttaggingtheirinitialsontallbuildings."RichardPowersays,"ItcouldbeahacktivistoranumberofhacktivistswhoaresickandtiredofthecommercializationoftheInternet."Sofarallofthetargetshavebeenverylarge,andverycommercial.11．Ahackeris______.A.someonewhobreaksintoandusessomeoneelse’scomputerB.someonewhobreakscommercialsC.someonewhofixessomeoneelse’scomputerD.someonewhodoesnotknowaboutcomputers12．Theprogramswhichwereusedbythehackerswere______.A.madebythehackersandputoncomputersB.notfoundbytheexpertsC.prepackagedandfoundonmanycomputersD.hardtofind13．Yahoo,eBay,Amazon,CNN,Buy,eTradeandzNetare______.A.storesonthewebB.largecommercialwebsitesC.smallcommercialwebsitesD.publicgovernmentwebsites14．Ifsomeonesendsamessagethesizeofonegigabyte,______.A.itisalarge.B.itisverysmallC.ittakeslittletimeforacomputertoread.D.itisthesizeofashortnote.15．Hackerscandothisbecause______.A.computersarehardtoreachB.everyonehastheircomputerslockedC.computersarenotverysecureD.companiesaskthemtodoit【答案与解析】11．A 由第二段“Thehackerdownloadsandhackstheprograminto...”可知，黑客可以入侵并使用别人的电脑。12．C 第二段中说到“Wefoundtheminseveralplaces;they’reprepackaged.”，因此C项正确。13．B 由最后一段最后一句“Sofarallofthetargetshavebeenverylarge,andverycommercial.”可知，这些网站都是“large”、“commercial”。14．A 根据第七段“onegigabytepersecond”就像是“104-millionpeopledialinginatonce”，由此可见其非常大。15．C 由AllisonTaylor的话可知，受攻击的电脑都很“vulnerable”，也就是不安全。Passage4InNorthBeachinSanFrancisco,wheresomeprettysuperfoodgetsservedeverynight.“Absolutelyverysuperfood!““Ireallylikethetaste”arecommentsbytwodiners.Butwe’renotjusttalkingabouttaste.Researchnowshowssomefoods,includingtomatoes,onions,garlic,andoliveoil—areamongthesuperfoods.Superfoodsarepackedwithpowerfulchemicalsthatmayoffery