深圳市2020届高三第二次教学质量检测英语试题

攀上山峰，见识险峰，你的人生中，也许你就会有苍松不惧风吹和不惧雨打的大无畏精神，也许就会有腊梅的凌寒独自开的气魄，也许就会有春天的百花争艳的画卷，也许就会有钢铁般的意志。祝：学子考试顺利，学业有成

2020届高三年级第二次教学质量检测英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ANewYork’sbestclassesforkidsincludesportsclasses,performingartsclasses,artclasses,languageprogramsandbabyclasses.Makesureyourkidsarereadyfornewadventureswiththesesuper-coolofferings!92ndStreetYClassesAtthisinstitutionyourmusiciancanlearnhowtoplayaninstrument.After-schoolclassesexaminedifferentmusicalpiecesandencourageworkinagroupsetting.Attheendoftheprogram,miniMozartscanimpresstheirfamilyandfriendsatopen-houseperformances.Plus,whenthey'renotjamming,kidscantakeadvantageofhomeworkhelpintheClubhouse,wheretheyaredividedupbygradelevel.Ages5-15.TheCliffsatLICAfteradayoffightingtheacademicobstaclecourseatschool,yourfavoriteachieverscanreachnewheightsonarock-climbingwall.TheCliffs,offeringsallowdevelopingbodiestobuildmusclestrength.Forexample,introductorysessionsteachclimbershowtotiesafetyknots(结)aswellasotherbasics,masteringthemwithhands-ongamesandactivities.TheCliffsatLIC,LongIslandCity.Ages6-18.StatenIslandSkatingPavilionThislargeareamaintainsitsyear-roundfrostytemperaturesforice-skatingfun.Coursesareofferedeverydayforavarietyofinterestsandskilllevels,andpublicandfreestylesessionsareavailableforchildrenwhowanttospendsomeafternoonstherewithoutinstruction.Ages4andup.WestSideYMCAIfyourchildwantstolearnhowtoswim,you'dbepressedtofindmoreoptionsthanthoseofferedattheY.Kidsaregroupedbyageandcapability.Thecoursescoverpersonalsafetyandstroketechniques.Ifyouroffspringpreferdryland,theYalsooffersdance,basketballandfootball.Visitwebsiteforclassdescriptionsanddetailedpriceinformation.Ages5-18.1.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?A.Elementaryschoolteachers. B.Childrenaroundschoolage.C.Familieslookingforattraction. D.Parentswithunder-agechildren.2.Whicheventwillyouattendforoccasionalacademichelp?A.TheCliffsatLIC. B.WestSideYMCA.C.92ndStreetYClasses. D.StatenIslandSkatingPavilion.3.WhatdoesStatenIslandSkatingPavilionprovide?A.Aminiopen-houseperformanceattheendoftheprogram.B.Coldtemperaturesalltheyearroundforice-skating.C.Teachingofskatingindividedgroupsaccordingtotheirage.D.Introductorylessonsonhowtoovercomethelearningobstacles.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一则广告应用文。介绍几项面向青少年的培训班，包括乐器培训班，攀岩课、滑冰课、游泳课。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中Makesureyourkidsarereadyfornewadventureswiththesesuper-coolofferings!可知，确保你家孩子准备参与这些超级棒的活动安排！由此可推知，本文是写给家里有小孩的父母的。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据92ndStreetYClasses部分中Plus,whenthey'renotjamming,kidscantakeadvantageofhomeworkhelpintheClubhouse,wheretheyaredividedupbygradelevel.可知，当学员不多的时候，孩子们在俱乐部可以得到家庭作业方面的帮助，在那里他们按年级划分。由此可知，你可以参加92ndStreetYClasses，以获得偶尔的学术帮助。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据StatenIslandSkatingPavilion部分中Thislargeareamaintainsitsyear-roundfrostytemperaturesforice-skatingfun.可知，这一大片地区保持了全年的霜冻温度，为滑冰提供乐趣。由此可知，StatenIslandSkatingPavilion为滑冰提供了全年的低温。故选B。【点睛】隐含意义推理判断题。这类题的题干中常含有：infer/suggest/imply/conclude/intend/purpose/belikelyto等标志性词语。解决这类问题时要理解文章潜在的含义和作者所给的提示。同时，要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作出合理的猜测和推断。如第一小题，根据第一段中Makesureyourkidsarereadyfornewadventureswiththesesuper-coolofferings!可知确保你家孩子准备参与这些超级棒的活动安排！由此可推知，本文是写给家里有小孩的父母的。故选D。BThatmorning，IdroppedoureldestatkindergartenandreturnedhometoletourtwoyoungerchildrenplaywhileIworkedonmymedicalreport.Itwaswonderful,butithitmethatmycareerinhospitalwasn'tmakingadifferenceinanyone'slife.Ineededsomethingthatwouldstretchmylimitsandpushmetogrow.Mycareerenabledmetoworkfromhome.Icouldworkfromhome,andbecomeafoster（领养）mother,providingsafetyforachildwhoneededitdesperately.OnMondaymorning,IpickedupthephoneanddialedthenumberIhadgoogledforthenearestDepartmentofChildren’Services.Themanontheotherendwasreceptivetomyquestionsandexplainedthenextstepoftraining,involvingeightweeksofclassesdesignedtoprepareandeducatefosterparents.Wecontinuedthroughalltheclasses,thehomevisits,backgroundchecks,andseeminglyendlesssteps.Fivelongmonthsafterwewereapproved,thephoneTang.Inthemiddleofthenight,IwokemyhusbandandrushedtoEastTennesseeChildren'sHospital-Ourplacementwaswaitingforusintheemergencyroom,sickandlackofnutrition.Itdidn'ttakelongforustorealizethefulldepthofhersuffering.Sixmonthslater,herhalf-brothercametousbyourrequest.Wenowhadfivechildrenunderourcare.OnAugust12,2016,ourfamilyofsevenwalkedintoasmallcourtroom.Thechildren'slawyerandsocialworkerwerethere.Withjustafewwords,ouradoptionwasfinalized.Thesetwoamazingchildrenweren'tgoinghome,becausetheywerealreadyhome.Wearetheirforeverfamily5andtheyareourforeverchildren.Wemaynotbeabletochangetheentireworld,butwehavechangedtheworldentirelyforournewchildren.4.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutherhospitalwork?A.Unusuallydemanding. B.Lackinginmotivation.C.Filledwithchallenges・ D.Packedwithchances.5.Whatledtheauthortodecidetoadoptchildren?A.Shewantedtomakeadifferenceinotherpeople.B.Shefeltsympatheticforabusedchildrensheknew.C.Shefeltconfidentaboutherabilitytoraisechildren.D.Sheexperiencedtrainingtoraisechildrenproperly.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"placement"inPara.3referto?A.Thechildtobeadopted. B.Theneedtogettrained.C.Theapprovalofadoption. D.Theofficialatthehospital7.Whydidtheauthorappearatthecourtroom?A.Toputtheadoptedkidselsewhere.B.Toreceiveanotheradoptedchild.C.Tobeginthekids5adoptioninherhome.D.Tomaketheadoptionofficiallylegal,【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.D【解析】这是是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在医院有一份满意的工作，但是作者想要通过自己的努力来改善他人的人生，于是走上了收养孩子的道路。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Itwaswonderful,butithitmethatmycareerinhospitalwasn'tmakingadifferenceinanyone'slife.Ineededsomethingthatwouldstretchmylimitsandpushmetogrow.Mycareerenabledmetoworkfromhome.Icouldworkfromhome,andbecomeafoster（领养）mother,providingsafetyforachildwhoneededitdesperately.”可知，作者能在家工作很好，但是作者意识到自己在医院的工作不能让别人的生活发生改变，需要做一些事来拓展自己，促使自己成长，由此推断作者觉得自己在医院的工作缺少动力，故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Itwaswonderful,butithitmethatmycareerinhospitalwasn'tmakingadifferenceinanyone'slife.Ineededsomethingthatwouldstretchmylimitsandpushmetogrow.Mycareerenabledmetoworkfromhome.Icouldworkfromhome,andbecomeafoster（领养）mother,providingsafetyforachildwhoneededitdesperately”可知，作者意识到在医院的工作并没有改变任何人的生活。她需要一些能拓展她的极限，推动她成长的东西。故作者觉得自己的职业没有让他人的人生更有意义，于是希望挑战自己的能力，为需要安全的孩子提供安全的成长环境，故作者收养孩子的原因是她想给别人的生活造成影响。结合选项，故选A。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Ourplacementwaswaitingforusintheemergencyroom,sickandlackofnutrition.Itdidn'ttakelongforustorealizethefulldepthofhersuffering.Sixmonthslater,herhalf-brothercametousbyourrequest.Wenowhadfivechildrenunderourcare.”可知，语境说这个placement在医院的急诊室等待作者，一脸的病态，并且营养不良。没过多久我们就意识到她的痛苦有多深。六个月后，她同父异母的弟弟应我们的要求来找我们。我们现在照顾五个孩子。故这里的placement指作者准备领养的孩子，故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“OnAugust12,2016,ourfamilyofsevenwalkedintoasmallcourtroom.Thechildren'slawyerandsocialworkerwerethere.Withjustafewwords,ouradoptionwasfinalized.”可知，2016年8月12日，我们一家七口走进一个小法庭。孩子们的律师和社会工作者都在那里。只说了几句话，我们的收养就完成了。由此推断，为什么作者出现在法庭上是为了使收养正式合法化。应选D。CThekakapo,abirdthatlivesinNewZealand,isnotdesignedforsurvival.Weighingupto4kilograms,itistheworld'sfattestparrot.Itmates(交配)onlywhentherimutreeisinfruit,whichhappenseveryfewyears.Itdevelopedgraduallyintheabsenceofland-basednaturalenemies,soinsteadofflyingabovethetreesitwalkslikeaduckacrossthedryforestfloor.Whenitmovesunsteadilyacrosssomethingthatmightkillit,itwillstandstill.Suchunusualcharacteristicsturneditintofastfoodforhumansettlers,andforthecatsandratstheybroughtwiththem.Itseemedtohavedisappearedbythe1970s,untilscientistscameacrosstwoundiscoveredpopulationsinthecountry'ssouth.Thesesurvivorswereeventuallymovedtosmallenemy-freeislands,whereresearchershavespentdecadestryingtogetthemtobreed(繁殖).Thescientists'patienceisfinallyrewarded.Therimuwasinfruitthisyear,andmorethan80chickshatched,makingthisthebestbreedingseasononrecord.Manyhavesurvivedintoadolescence,increasingthenumberofadultkakaposbyathird,to200birds.Anotherdangertothekakapoisalackofgeneticdiversity.Thisisonereasonwhyfewerthanhalfofkakapoeggshatch.Byarrangingthegenome(基因组)ofeverylivingbirdscientistscanidentifyclosely-relatedindividualsandputthemondifferentislands.Everybirdisfittedwithsomethingtotrackitsslightestmovement.Ifafemalemateswithan"unsuitable”male,theprocesscanbestopped.AlltheseeffortscostalmostNewZealand$1.3millionthisbreedingseason.Yetthekakapo'sfuturestilllooksunsafe.Earlierthisyearaseverediseasetorethroughthepopulation.Andtinyasthenumberofkakaposis,spaceisrunningoutonthetwoislandswheremostofthemlive.Newenemy-freesettlementmustsoonbefound.8.Whichofthefollowingisadangerforthesurvivalofthekakapo?A.Itisthesmallestbirdintheworld. B.Itlacksexerciseandusuallystandsstill.C.Itadaptsslowlyingeneticdevelopment. D.Itcan'trespondactivelywhenfacingdanger.9.Inwhatwaymaythescientists'patienceberewarded?A.Theyhatched80kakapos'eggsthisyear.B.Theytriedtomaketherimutreeinfruitthisyear.CTwosurvivorsweremovedtoenemy-freeislands.D.50chickshatchedhavesurvivedintoadultsthisyear.10.Whydidthescientistsputkakapoindifferentislands?A.Tostopclosely-relatedkakaposmating. B.Toincreasethepopulationofkakapo.C.Tostopfemalesmatingwithmales. D.Tohatchmorekakapos'eggs.11.Accordingtotheauthor,theeffortstoprotectthekakapoinNewZealandare_______.Asuccessful B.unsafeC.doubtful D.inadequate【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们为了保护新西兰的一种濒临灭绝的鸟类鸮鹦鹉所作出的一些努力。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句Whenitmovesunsteadilyacrosssomethingthatmightkillit,itwillstandstill.可知，当它摇摇晃晃地穿过可能会杀死它的东西时，它会静止不动。由此可推知，当鸮鹦鹉面对危险时，它不能做出积极的反应，这对鸮鹦鹉的生存来说是一种威胁。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Thescientists'patienceisfinallyrewarded.Therimuwasinfruitthisyear,andmorethan80chickshatched,makingthisthebestbreedingseasononrecord.可知，科学家的耐心终于得到了回报。今年的柚木结果了，80多只雏鸟破壳而出，这是有记录以来最好的繁殖季节。由此可知，科学家们的耐心得到了回报，今年有80多只雏鸟破壳而出。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Anotherdangertothekakapoisalackofgeneticdiversity.Thisisonereasonwhyfewerthanhalfofkakapoeggshatch.Byarrangingthegenomeofeverylivingbird,scientistscanidentifyclosely-relatedindividualsandputthemondifferentislands.可知，鸮鹦鹉面临的另一个危险是缺乏遗传多样性。这就是为什么只有不到一半的鸮鹦鹉蛋孵化的原因之一。通过整理每只活鸟的基因组，科学家可以识别出亲缘关系很近的个体，并把它们放在不同的岛屿上。由此可知，科学家们把鸮鹦鹉放在不同的岛屿上，是为了阻止近亲鸮鹦鹉交配。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Yetthekakapo'sfuturestilllooksunsafe.Earlierthisyearaseverediseasetorethroughthepopulation.Andtinyasthenumberofkakaposis,spaceisrunningoutonthetwoislandswheremostofthemlive.可知，然而，鸮鹦鹉的未来看起来仍然不安全。今年早些时候，一种严重的疾病在鸟群中肆虐。尽管鸮鹦鹉的数量很少，但它们生活的这两个岛屿上的空间已经所剩无几。由此可推知，作者认为保护新西兰鸮鹦鹉的努力是不够的。故选D。D“Newandimproved.”Thesewordsareputinsomanymarketingcampaignsthatwetendtoacceptthemaslinked.Butmanynewdrugsaren'tanimprovementoverthebestexistingdrugforagivencondition,andthefastdrug-approvalprocessesinrecentyearshaveaddedtotheuncertaintyabouttheiradvantages.ArecentreportintheBritishMedicalJournal,"NewDrugs:WhereDidWeGoWrongandWhatCanWeDoBetter?,analysedtheissue,Theauthorslookedat216drugsapprovedbetween2011and2017；152werenewlydeveloped,and64wereexistingmedicineapprovedfornewuses.Only25%offeredamajoradvantageovertheestablishedtreatment,andfully58%hadnoconfirmedaddedbenefittoreducesymptomsorimprovehealth-relatedqualityoflife."Thisdoesn’tmeanthere'snoaddedbenefit,"leadauthorWieselersaid.“Itjustmeanswehavenopositiveproof.Eitherwehavenostudiesorhavestudiesnotgoodenough.”Wieselerandherco-authorsworkforaGermaninstitutewhichevaluatesnewtreatmentsandadvisesonwhetherthecountry'shealthcaresystemshouldpayapremium(占)forthem.Suchorganizations,knownashealthtechnologyassessment(HTA)agencies,workalittledifferentlyintheUS,saysSeanTunis，aresearcherinBaltimore:“Ifpayersthinkanewdrugisn'tbetterthananexistingdrug，theseagencieswillrequire.thathospitalstrythecheaperdrugfirst.”Germany'sHTAdemandstrialstoprovethatanewtreatmentbeatstheexistingstandard.Thisisn'talwayspracticalForonething,suchstudiescanbeexpensiveandtime-consuming,withnoguaranteeofsuccess.Secondly,itcandiscouragecompaniesfromattemptingtodevelopnewalternatives.Thisisalreadyhappening.Drugdevelopersareincreasinglyfocusedonareaswheretherearenogoodtreatmentstocompetewith,suchasrarediseases.ThislackofmeaningfuldatatoguidepatientsisamajorpointofWieseler'spaper-Withacceleratedapproval,therearemoreproductsapproved,withagreateramountofuncertaintyaboutrisksandbenefits.Butthereareothersolutionsbesidesdrugtrials.Oneideaistorequirepostmarketstudiestotracktheeffectivenessofnewlyapproveddrugs—asteptoooftenneglected.12.Whatmessagedoestherecentreportconvey?A.Manynewdrugshavenoimprovedadvantages.B.Theapprovalprocessesfornewdrugsaretoofast.C.Improveddrugshaveadvantagesoveroldones.D.Before2017noimprovementwasmadetodrugs.13WhatwillUSHTAagenciesdowhennoadvantageisfoundinnewdrugs?A.Removegovernmentpremiumonthem.B.Gethospitalstousethecheaperdrugs.C.Arrangefinancialsupportforthepatients.D.Putnewdrugsonfurthertrialsandstudies.14.What'sthedisadvantageofGermany'sHTAtrialdemands?A.Makingdrugcompaniesthinkofillegalwaystocutcost.B.Pushingcompaniestotryalternativesforexistingdrugs.C.Gettingpatientstodependonthegovernmentforsupport.D.Holdingcompaniesbackfromimprovingexistingdrugs.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheAdvantageofExistingDrugsB.MisunderstandingofNewandOldDrugsC.ADilemmawithNewDrugAlternativesD.PeopledPreferenceforNeworOldDrugs【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【解析】这是一篇说明文文。文章主要讲述了英国一项研究表明，与传统药物相比，市面上不断推出的新药大部分并不具有新的疗效。作者分析其中原因并指出，因为相关机构的要求，加上新药耗时费钱，因此药品公司干脆转向研究罕见病的药品，而不是对已有的药品进行改良。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“heauthorslookedat216drugsapprovedbetween2011and2017；152werenewlydeveloped,and64wereexistingmedicineapprovedfornewuses.Only25%offeredamajoradvantageovertheestablishedtreatment,andfully58%hadnoconfirmedaddedbenefittoreducesymptomsorimprovehealth-relatedqualityoflife.”可知，英国《医学期刊》的一篇报道对2011到2017年上市的药品的研究发现，其中58%的新药与已有的药物相比，没有任何得到证实的新增加的药效。故最近的报告传达了许多新药没有改进的优势的信息。结合选项，故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Suchorganizations,knownashealthtechnologyassessment(HTA)agencies,workalittledifferentlyintheUS,saysSeanTunis，aresearcherinBaltimore:“Ifpayersthinkanewdrugisn'tbetterthananexistingdrug，theseagencieswillrequire.thathospitalstrythecheaperdrugfirst.”可知，美国的卫生技术评估机构的功能与德国不同，如果付费方（病人）认为某种新药不比已有的药品更好，那么“他们（评估机构）就会要求医院先试用便宜一些的药品"，故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Germany'sHTAdemandstrialstoprovethatanewtreatmentbeatstheexistingstandard.Thisisn'talwayspracticalForonething,suchstudiescanbeexpensiveandtime-consuming,withnoguaranteeofsuccess.Secondly,itcandiscouragecompaniesfromattemptingtodevelopnewalternatives.Thisisalreadyhappening.Drugdevelopersareincreasinglyfocusedonareaswheretherearenogoodtreatmentstocompetewith,suchasrarediseases”（德国的HTA需要试验来证明新的治疗方法优于现有标准。这并不总是可行的一件事，这样的研究可能是昂贵和耗时的，没有成功的保证。其次，它可以阻止公司尝试开发新的替代品。这已经发生了。药物开发人员越来越关注那些没有好的治疗方法可与之竞争的领域，例如罕见的疾病）可知，德国卫生技术评估机构要求有药物试验来证实改良后的新药比原先的药品更好，这需要大量的金钱和时间。由此可以推断出，德国HTA的试验的缺点是不利于公司对已有药品进行提升。结合选项，故选D。【15题详解】标题判断题。全文讲述药品研发的窘境：传统药物的更新未必有新的疗效，即使有新疗效，相关机构的要求使这个更新过程漫长而且费用高，于是很多药企干脆转向研究罕见病的新药，这就使已有药品的更新面临窘境。故C项ADilemmawithNewDrugAlternatives“新药物的两难选择”作为标题，符合题意。故选C。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。FromMozarttopopmusic,tonsofpeopleenjoylisteningtovarioustypesofmusicwhiletheypaint,write,ordraw.Manybelievethatmusichelpsimprovecreativity.Butaninternationalstudyischallengingthatviewpoint.___16___Tocometotheirconclusions,researchershadparticipantscompleteverbal(文字的)problemsdesignedtoinspirecreativitywhilesittinginaquietroom.___17___Theyfoundthatbackgroundmusicsignificantlyhurttheparticipants,abilitytocompletetasksassociatedwithverbalcreativity.Thetasksweresimplewordgames.___18___Then,theywereaskedtofindasinglewordassociatedwithallthreethatcouldbecombinedtoformacommonphraseorword.Participantscompletedthetasksineitheraquietroom,orwhileexposedtothreedifferenttypesofmusic:musicwithunfamiliarlines,instrumentalmusic,ormusicwithfamiliarlines.Dr.McLatchieandhiscolleaguesconcludethatmusicinterfereswith(干扰)theverbalworkingmemoryofthebrain.___19___Also,asfarasthelibrarybackgroundnoiseshavingseeminglynoeffect,theresearchersbelievethatisthecasebecauselibrarynoisescreateanenvironmentofsteadystatethatdoesn'tinterruptconcentration."____20____Instead,theydemonstratethatmusic,regardlessofthepresenceofitscontent,consistentlyinterruptscreativeperformanceininsightproblemsolving,"thestudyreads.A.Andthisinturnholdsbackcreativity.B.Ithasnothingtodowiththepositivereaction.C.Thenagain,theyweretestedwhilemusicwasplayedinthebackground.D.Psychologistssaythattheirfindingsindicatemusicactuallyblockscreativity.E.Forexample,participantsweregiventhreewords,suchasdress,dial,andflower.F.Beforetheexperiment,theparticipantsdidn'tstudythemusictheywouldlisten.G.Toconclude,thefindingsherechallengethepopularviewthatmusicbuildsupcreativity.【答案】16.D17.C18.E19.A20.G【解析】本文是一篇说明文。有的人喜欢在有背景音乐的环境下工作。然而，研究表明，音乐会干扰人们解决问题的创造性。【16题详解】根据上文Manybelievethatmusichelpsimprovecreativity.Butaninternationalstudyischallengingthatviewpoint.可知，许多人认为音乐有助于提高创造力。但一项国际研究正在挑战这种观点。由此可知，一项新的国际研究并不认为音乐有助于提高创造力，故D选项“心理学家说，他们的发现表明，音乐实际上阻碍了创造力”符合上下文语境，故选D。【17题详解】根据前文Tocometotheirconclusions,researchershadparticipantscompleteverbalproblemsdesignedtoinspirecreativitywhilesittinginaquietroom.可知，为了得出结论，研究人员让参与者坐在安静的房间里完成一些旨在激发创造力的语言问题。由此可知，本句承接上文继续说明研究的过程，上文中researchers与C选项中they形成对应，故C选项“然后，他们再次在播放音乐的背景音乐中接受测试”符合上下文语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据后文Then,theywereaskedtofindasinglewordassociatedwithallthreethatcouldbecombinedtoformacommonphraseorword.可知，然后，他们被要求找出一个与这三个词相关的词，这些词可以组合成一个共同的短语或词。由此可知，参与者被给予了三个单词，并要求找出一个与这三个词相关的词。故E选项“例如，参与者被给予三个词，如衣服，电话和鲜花”符合上下文语境，故选E。【19题详解】根据第二段最后一句Theyfoundthatbackgroundmusicsignificantlyhurttheparticipants,abilitytocompletetasksassociatedwithverbalcreativity.可知，他们发现，背景音乐会显著损害参与者完成与语言创造力相关的任务的能力。由此可知乐会干扰大脑的语言工作记忆，而这反过来又阻碍了创造性。故A选项“这反过来又抑制了创造力”符合上下文语境，故选A。【20题详解】根据后文Instead,theydemonstratethatmusic,regardlessofthepresenceofitscontent,consistentlyinterruptscreativeperformanceininsightproblemsolving,"thestudyreads.可知，相反，他们证明了音乐，不管它的内容是什么，在解决问题的过程中不断地打断创造性的表现。由此可知，研究人员的发现成功挑战了音乐可以培养创造力这种流行观点。故G选项“总而言之，这里的发现挑战了流行的观点，即音乐可以培养创造力”符合上下文语境，故选G。第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。阅读下面的短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Foryears,Ihadsufferedfromdepression.Ineverseemedtobehappywithmylife,especiallywhenI___21___ittosomeoneelse's.IfrequentlyfeltIwasnotlivinguptoeithermyown___22___ortheworldsexpectations.Then,theweekbeforeThanksgiving,everychairinthechurchhasapaperbagunderneath.Allwereexpectedtopickupone___23___andtakethemtoagrocerystoreandfillthemwithsomebasicfooditemstobe___24___tolocalchanty.Then,attheevening,ateamofvolunteersplacedallthe___25___bags,offoodatthefrontofthechurch.Includedintheeventwasasheetwith___26___,askingustothinkof100thingswewerethankfulfor.Thiswasa(n）___27___tohelpusfocusongratitude.___28___Iheardsomekidsnexttome___29___eachothertoseewhocouldfillinall100thefastest.My___30___naturepushedmetofillinblankswithany___31___inmylifethatIwasthankfulfor.Tomyown____32____,Ifilledinthelistinfourminutes.ThenIjoinedtheothers___33___thebagsaccordingtotheircategoriesbeforetheyweredonatedtothe___34___.Onedaynotlongafterward,Ifoundmyselfsinkingintomy___35___depressionwhenIrememberedthe___36___.Itookitoutandreadthroughitand___37___thatnotonlydidIhavealottobethankfulforbutthatthethingsIhadwrittenonthatlist___38___mytalents,hobbies,faith,andpeoplewhohadgreatly___39___me.___40___tohaveanattitudeofgratitudehasmadememorethanhappyandfilledmewithjoy.21.A.introduced B.compared C.exposed D.applied22.A.achievement B.nature C.potential D.patience23.A.randomly B.regularly C.alternatively D.considerately24.A.returned B.issued C.allocated D.donated25.A.circulated B.addressed C.filled D.supplied26.A.credits B.blanks C.inspirations D.suggestions27.A.celebration B.amusement C.communication D.exercise28.A.Accidentally B.Furthermore C.Otherwise D.Necessarily29.A.remind B.challenge C.support D.observe30.A.sympathetic B.creative C.competitive D.contradictory31.A.situation B.chance C.promotion D.awareness32.A.disappointment B.curiosity C.advantage D.astonishment33.A.distributing B.clarifying C.sorting D.decorating34.A.rich B.needy C.special D.worried35.A.guilty B.familiar C.temporary D.apparent36.A.list B.activity C.motivation D.report37.A.pretended B.claimed C.imagined D.realized38.A.ruledout B.droppedout C.broughtout D.workedout39.A.surprised B.touched C.promised D.concerned40.A.Choosing B.Offering C.Demanding D.Declining【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.C26.B27.D28.A29.B30.C31.A32.D33.C34.B35.B36.A37.D38.C39.B40.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲了作者在生活中总是不开心，认为自己没有完全发挥自己的潜力，没有达成世人的期待，一次公益活动让他领悟到了人要感恩，拥有感恩的态度让自己更快乐，充满喜悦。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我一直饱受抑郁之苦。我对自己的生活似乎从来都不满意，尤其是当我把自己的生活和别人比较的时候。A.introduced介绍；B.compared比较；C.exposed暴露；D.applied应用。根据上文可知，作者对自己的生活不满意，由especiallywhen结合常识可知，comparesth.tosth.是固定搭配，意为“把……和……作比较”，与题意相符，表示特别是与其他人的生活比较时，我对生活更不满意。introducesb.tosth.把……介绍给……；exposesth.tosth.向……表示敬意；applysth.tosth.把某物应用于某事物上，都不符合语境。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我常常觉得我既没有发挥出自己的潜力，也没有达到世人的期望。A.achievement成就；B.nature自然；C.potential潜力；D.patience耐心。根据空格18后的mytalents,hobbies,faith等几处线索，可推知这里说明作者还没发挥出自己的潜力，故选C。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：所有人都被要求随机挑选一个，然后带到杂货店，在里面装上一些主要食品，捐赠给当地的慈善机构。A.randomly随机地；B.regularly定期地；C.alternatively二者选其一的；D.considerately体量地。根据下文的accordingtotheircategories可知，孩子们把这些袋子根据类别进行分类，可知这里是要求随机（randomly）选择袋子，而其他三项与题意不符，故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有人都被要求随机挑选一个，然后带到杂货店，在里面装上一些主要的食物，捐赠给当地的慈善机构。A.returned返回；B.issued发行；C.allocated分配；D.donated捐献。根据上下文可知，因下文提到localcharity，所以能推知此处是将食物捐献给慈善机构，故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后在晚上，一组志愿者把装满食物的袋子放在教堂前面。A.circulated传达；B.addressed处理；寄给；C.filled装满；D.supplied提供。根据前文的fillthemwithsomebasicfooditems可知，孩子们将袋子里装满了食物，晚上志愿者将这些装满食物的袋子放在教堂前面。filled是过去分词，表示“被装满的”，作定语。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：活动中包括一张空白的表格，要求我们想100件我们要感谢的事情。A.credits积分；B.blanks空白；C.inspirations激励；D.suggestions建议。根据下文的“Ifilledinthelistinfourminutes”可知，作者拿到的是一张空白的表格，故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个帮助我们注重感恩的练习。A.celebration庆祝；B.amusement娱乐；C.communication沟通；D.exercise（身体或脑力的）活动。根据下文“tohelpusfocusongratitude”可知，让我们想出100件我们感恩的事情填在一张纸上，是一种让作者和其他孩子们注重感恩的活动，其他选项不符合题意，故选D。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：无意中，我听到旁边的一些孩子在互相挑战，看谁能以最快的速度填满所有的100个。A.Accidentally偶然地；B.Furthermore此外；C.Otherwise否则；D.Necessarily必要地。一些孩子在挑战谁填的最快，没有作者，因此作者是偶然听到的。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：偶然地我听到旁边的一些孩子在互相挑战，看谁能以最快的速度填满所有的100个。A.remind提醒；B.challenge挑战；C.support支持；D.observe观察。根据下文toseewhocouldfillinall100thefastest可知，看谁能以最快的速度填满所有的100个，故推知这是一场挑战，故选B。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我好胜的天性驱使我用生活中感动我的那些情形去填充那些空白。A.sympathetic充满同情心的；B.creative有创造力的；C.competitive竞争的；好胜的；D.contradictory矛盾的。根据上文eachothertoseewhocouldfillinall100thefastest可知，孩子们在挑战，这激发了作者争强好胜的天性，故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我好胜的天性驱使我用生活中感动我的那些情形去填补那些空白。A.situation情形；处境；B.chance机会；C.promotion提升；D.awareness意识。根据上文askingustothinkof100thingswewerethankfulfor可知，表格要求填写那些生活中感恩的事情，因此作者把生活中自己感恩的情形填在了空白处。故选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我吃惊的是，在四分钟内我就填好了那张表格。A.disappointment失望；B.curiosity好奇心；C.advantage好处；D.astonishment惊讶。根据上下文可知，作者争强好胜的心促使了自己在四分钟内就填好了那张表格，作者本人也很惊讶，toone’sastonishment意为“令某人惊讶的是”，故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，我和其他人一起把这些袋子按类别分类以后，它们被捐赠给需要的人。A.distributing分布；B.clarifying澄清；C.sorting分类；D.decorating装饰。根据上文accordingtotheircategories可知，作者和孩子们要将袋子按类别分类（sort），故选C。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，我和其他人一起把这些袋子按类别分类以后。它们被捐赠给需要的人。A.rich富有的；B.needy贫困的；C.special特殊的；D.worried担忧的。根据上下文和常识可知，慈善机构是资助穷人的机构，theneedy是the+形容词表示一类人的用法，意为“有需要的人、穷人”故选B。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：之后不久的一天,我发现自己陷入熟悉的抑郁这时候我记起来那种清单。A.guilty有罪的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.temporary暂时的；D.apparent显然的。根据第一段第一句Ihadsufferedfromdepression.可知，作者又陷入到了自己熟悉的情绪中，故选B。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.list清单；B.activity活动；C.motivation动机；D.report报告。根据下文onthatlist可知，此处指的就是上文写信的自己感恩的100件事的清单。故选A。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我拿出它，通读了一遍，意识到我不仅有很多要感恩的事情而且我写在清单上的事情显现出我的天赋，爱好，信念还有特别让我感动的人。A.pretended假装；B.claimed宣称；C.imagined想象；D.realized意识到。根据上文Itookitoutandreadthroughit可知，作者通读清单后，意识到自己不仅有很多要感恩的事情，故选D。【38题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.ruledout排除；B.droppedout辍学；C.broughtout使显示；D.workedout计算出。根据下文的“mytalents,hobbies,faith”可知，这些清单上的内容也显示（broughtout）出我的才能等。故选C。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我写在清单上的内容也显示了我的才能、信仰、以及那些深深感动过我的人。A.surprised使惊讶；B.touched触碰；C.promised许诺；D.concerned关心。清单上是我们感恩的事情，因此那清单上也显示出那些深深感动过自己的人，touch意为“感动