英美概况-美国概况课件

SurveyoftheU.S.

1SurveyoftheU.S.1TheU.S.A2TheU.S.A2contentsPartone:GeographyParttwo:History

3contentsPartone:Geography3GeographyChapterI:ageneralintroductionChapterII:populationChapterIII:thefiftyStatesChapterIV:thedevelopmentofAmericanEconomyChapterV:themaincities4GeographyChapterI:ageneralHistoryChapterI:colonizationofNorthAmericaChapterII:theAmericanWarofIndependenceChapterIII:thegrowthoftheNationChapterIV:theAmericanCivilWarChapterV:theU.SImperialism&WWIChapterVI:AmericaBefore&DuringWWIIChapterVII:ThepostwarAmerica5HistoryChapterI:colonizationTheNamesforthecountry

&thepeopletheUnitedStatesofAmericatheUSAtheUnitedStatestheU.S.AmericaUncleSamBrotherJonathanYank(Yankee).6TheNamesforthecountry

&tTheNationalFlag&Anthem1.NationalFlag:theStar-SpangledBanner:Meaning:the50whitestarsthe13stripes2.NationalAnthemthestar-spangledbanner《星条旗永不落》7TheNationalFlag&Anthem1.NTheNationalEmblem1.theflyingwhiteeagle2.thecrown3.13stars4.olive-branchandarrows5.ayellowribbonepluribusUnum6.nationalflag8TheNationalEmblem1.theflyi7.thewhiteeagle/Americaneaglestrengthcouragefreedomimmortal“thekingamongbirds”.8.theEmblemstandsfor:Independencecouragepower97.thewhiteeagle/AmericanPartIPhysicalGeographyChapterI:ageneralintroduction

1.ThreeGeographicalDivisions2.ThethreeMajorRiverSystems3.Climate4.NaturalResources5.Territory10PartIPhysicalGeography10Location11Location11

Totalarea:>9.37msq.kmthe4thlargestcountryPopulation:300millionConsistsof:50statesafederaldistrict---theDistrictofColumbia1212Topography.13Topography.13Scenicspotsinthewest.1.TheYellowstoneNationalPark,Wyoming;2.TheGrandCanyon,Arizona;3.YosemiteNationalPark,California;4.Redwoodsforestsalongthecoastline;5.TheDeathValley,California;14Scenicspotsinthewest.1.Th2.theThreeMajorRiverSystem&thefiveGreatLakes.

1)theGulfsystem:2)theAtlanticsystem:3)thePacificsystem:4)theGreatLakes152.theThreeMajorRiverSystemTheGulfSystem:1.theMississippiRiver2.twomaintributaries:Missouri&Ohio16TheGulfSystem:16TheAtlanticSystem:1)HudsonRiver2)DalawareRiver3)thePotomacRiver4)St.LawrenceRiver17TheAtlanticSystem:17ThePacificSystem:1)ColumbiaRiver2)ColoradoRiver

18ThePacificSystem:18TheGreatLakesLakeSuperiorLakeMichiganLakeHuronLakeErieLakeOntarioSMEHO19TheGreatLakesLakeSuperiorSM3.Climate1)Themainfeature:

variedtemperatezone&mildsubtropicalzone2)FromEasttoWest:A.Northeastcoast&theGreatLakesareas:temperateB.Southeast&theGulfplain:subtropic

203.Climate1)Themainfeature:C.TheCentralplain:continentalclimateD.thewesternplateaus:E.thePacificcoastalareas:

F.Alaska:G.Hawaii:

21C.TheCentralplain:213)Disastrousweather1)Hurricane2)tornado3)snowstorm223)Disastrousweather224.Naturalresources

richindeposits:forestry:waterpower:

234.Naturalresources23Richdeposits1.fuel:coaloilnaturalgas2.Ferrous&Nonferrousmetals:ironorecopperzinc:24Richdeposits1.fuel:24

forestry1.1/4oftheterritory;2.Northwesternpacificcoast:90%3.TheNorth:4.TheSouth:25forestWaterresourcesColumbiaRiver&ColoradoRiver:theOhioriverTheGreatLakes&StLawrenceRiver:

26WaterresourcesColumbiaRTerritory

TheexpansionofitsTerritory.

27TerritoryTheexpansionoChapterIIPopulationThecompositionofthepopulation:Thedistributionofpopulation:Thecharacteristicsofthepopulation:28ChapterIIPopulationThecom1.Complexcomposition:1)ThenativeAmerican2)Thewhite:80%3)Theblack:4)Mexicans:5)PuertoRicans6)Japanese,Philippines,Chinese…

291.Complexcomposition:292.Theunevendistribution:

1)Atlanticcoastalareas:2)thefiveGreatLakes3)thePacificcoast;4)theGulfofMexico3.Thecharacteristicsofthepopulation:1)diversity---culturalpluralism2)uniformity(assimilation)languagehabits&waysoflivingideas,idealsandobjectives---a“MeltingPot”302.Theunevendistribution:30

1.TheNewEnglandRegion:

2.TheMiddleAtlanticRegion:3.TheSouthRegion:4.TheMidwestRegion5.theRegionoftheGreatPlain6.theWestRegion:7.Alaska8.Hawaii9.Overseascolonies*

ChapterIIItheFiftyStates311.TheNewEnglandRegion:TheNewEnglandRegion:SixstatesMaineNewHampshireVermontMassachusettsConnecticutRhodeIslandMaine

NHVermontMassachusettsConnecticutRI32TheNewEnglandRegion:MaineNTheMiddleAtlanticRegion:6statesNewYorkNewJerseyPennsylvaniaMarylandDelawareWestVirginiaNNJNYPAWVDelawareM33TheMiddleAtlanticRegion:NNTheSouthRegion:11statesVirginiaNorth&SouthCarolinaGeorgiaFloridaKentuckyTennesseeAlabamaArkansasMississippiLouisiana

VirSCNCGeoFloAlaMisTennesKentuckyLouisArkan34TheSouthRegion:11statesVirTheMidwestRegion:

8statesOhioMichiganIndianaIllinoisWisconsinMinnesotaIowaMissouri

OhioMichiganIndianaIllinoisWisconsinMinnesotaIowaMissouri35TheMidwestRegion:OhioMichigaTheRegionoftheGreatPlains:6states

NorthDakotaSouthDakotaNebraskaKansasOklahomaTexas36TheRegionoftheGreatPlainsTheWestRegionthemountainstates:4thegreatplateaustates:4thePacificCoaststates:3

37TheWestRegion37themountainstates:4MontanaWyomingColoradoNewMexicoMontana

WyomingColorado

NewMexico38themountainstates:4Montanathegreatplateaustates:4IdahoUtahNevadaArizonaIdahoUtahNevadaArizona39thegreatplateaustates:4IdthePacificCoaststates:3WashingtonOregonCaliforniaWaOrCa40thePacificCoaststates:3WaO7.Alaska417.Alaska41Hawaii42Hawaii429.OverseasColonies:GuamEasternSamoaPuertoRicoandtheVirginIslands439.OverseasColonies:43ChapterIIIAmericanEconomy1.MajorfactorscontributetotheU.S.fasteconomicgrowth:2.Agriculture3.Industry4.Maincharacteristics44ChapterIIIAmericanEconomy1.WhatarethemajorfactorscontributetotheU.S.fasteconomicgrowth?geographic:historic:governmental:

451.Whatarethemajorfactors2.AmericanAgriculture

1)world’sleadingexporterofagriculturalproducts2)highlymodernizedandintensified3)animportantsectorinnationaleconomy4)majorcrops

462.AmericanAgriculture463.Industry1)theleadingindustrialcountryintheworld;2)Majorindustries:p284.Mainfeaturesofitseconomy1)Highlymonopolizedfeaturingbigcorporationsp272)Smallenterprisesareveryimportantandessentialp28

473.Industry47ChapterIVtheMainCities1.WashingtonD.C.7.Houston2.NewYorkCity8.SanFrancisco3.Chicago9.Boston4.LosAngeles10.Pittsburgh5.Philadelphia11.St.Louis6.Detroit48ChapterIVtheMainCities1.WWashingtonD.C.1.ThepositionthecapitaltheheadquartersofallthebranchesoftheAmericanfederalsystem2.location.3.thename:4.theCapitalHill,theCapitol.&theWhiteHouse.

49WashingtonD.C.495.PlacesofinterestTheNationalMall.TheWashingtonMonumentTheLibraryofCongressTheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumtheLincolnMemorialJeffersonMemorialPotomacRiver505.Placesofinterest50ThemapofWashingtonD.C.n51ThemapofWashingtonD.C.n51Capitol.52Capitol.52TheNationalMall.53TheNationalMall.53TheNationalAirandSpaceMuseum54TheNationalAirandSpaceMusLincolnMemorialbyPotomacRiver55LincolnMemorialbyPotomacRiJeffersonMemorial.56JeffersonMemorial.56WashingtonMonumentbyPotomacRiver57WashingtonMonumentbyPotomacMapofNewYork

58MapofNewYork58

TheStatueofLiberty

59TheStatueofLiberty59

WallStreet60WallStreet60WorldTradeCenter61WorldTradeCenter61Broadway62Broadway62TimeSquare:63TimeSquare:63

RockefellerCenter64RockefellerCenter64GuggenheimMuseum65GuggenheimMuseum65

MetropolitanMuseumofArt66MetropolitanMuseumofArt66BronxZoo67BronxZoo67GreenwichVillage68GreenwichVillage68WashingtonArchinWashingtonSquare:69WashingtonArchinWashingtonTheFifthAvenue

70TheFifthAvenue70MadisonStreet71MadisonStreet71Chicago1.location2.Position3.History

72Chicago1.location72LosAngeles1.location:2.Position:3rdlargestcity:---shipping,industry,communicationcenter---aviationcenter:---electroniccenter---filmcenter:73LosAngeles1.location:737474Philadelphia.1.Location2.Position1)historicsignificance

---thebirthplaceofthenation---“thecityofbrotherlylove”

---majorhistoricalspots:2)commerce,finance&culturecenter

75Philadelphia.1.Location75Detroit1.LiesontheDetroitriverbetweenLakeHuron&Erie2.“themotorcity”76Detroit1.LiesontheDetroitHouston

SpaceCityofU.S.Alocationposition---industrialcentreoftheSouthWest---spacecity---Agriculturecenter77Houston

SpaceCityofU.S.AloSanFrancisco78SanFrancisco78Locationposition---principalgatewaystotheEast---chiefportandfinancialcenter---birthplaceoftheUNorganization---largestChinesesettlement79Location79Boston1.location2.position---amajorseaport---acitywithglorioushistory---largestmarketofwool,shoe&leatherindustries---famousuniversities

80Boston1.location80PittsburghUpperpartofOhioRiverSteelcity81Pittsburgh81St.Louislocationposition---gatewaytotheWest---2ndlargestmotorcity---withhighlymodernized&specializedindustries---richinnaturalresources---inlandnavigation&transportationcenter---internationaltrade&financialcenterhistory82St.Louislocation82PartIIAmericanHistoryChapterI:ColonizationofNorthAmericanChapterII:theAmericanwarofIndependenceChapterIII:theGrowthoftheNationChapterIV:theAmericanCivilWarChapterV:theU.S.ImperialismandtheWWIChapterVI:AmericaBefore&DuringtheWWIIChapterVII:ThePostAmerica

83PartIIAmericanHistoryChapteChapterI:ColonizationofNorthAmerica

1607-17761.NativeAmerican2.thediscoveryofAmerica3.colonizationofNorthAmerica84ChapterI:ColonizationofNor1.NativeAmericanOriginatedfromAsiaNameLivedintribeswithkinshipasthebasis:Goodatdecorativeart:LivedonhuntingandfarmingMajorcrops:851.NativeAmericanOriginatedf

1.twoimportantfigures:ChristopherColumbus*AmerigoVespucci*2.ThediscoverofAmerica861.twoimportantfigures:2.3.ColonizationofNorthAmerica1)theearlyexplorations:A.theSpanishexploration

873.ColonizationofNorthAmeriB.Englishexploration:HenryVII(15thC)Elizabethage---FrancisDrakethefirstsuccessfulcolony

Jamestown,Virginia,in1607;theeasternshoresofthepresentU.S.88B.Englishexploration:88C.FrenchexplorationSt.Lawrenceriver,thegreatlakes,thewholeMississippivalleythefirstpermanentcolony:Quebec:

D.Dutchexplorations:HudsonRiverManhattan89C.Frenchexploration89Frenchexploration&Englishexploration.90Frenchexploration&Englishe2)ThefoundingoftheThirteenColonies:A.ReasonsthatdrewpeopletoAmerica:insearchofwealthpriestsspreadingChristianityrefugeforpoliticaldissentersthethirstforadventure912)ThefoundingoftheThirteeB.Threesections:thesoutherncolonies:themiddlecolonies:thenorthcolonies:92B.Threesections:92Theoriginal13colonies93Theoriginal13colonies93Middlecolonies.94Middlecolonies.94ThePuritanAroseinlate16thC;PurifythecorruptionsinRomanCatholicChurchaswellasone’slifeandname;SimplifyCatholicceremoniesLookuponfun&pleasureassinfulIntolerantinnatureGreatinfluenceonbothBritain&theU.S.95ThePuritanAroseinlate16thThePilgrimsandtheMayflowerPlymouth,Massachusetts,162096ThePilgrimsandtheMayflower1.Theorigin:Plymouth,Massachusetts,Nov21,1621.Anationalholidayin18632.Intentionandmannerofcelebration:---churchesopentogivethanksforGod’sgenerosity---Thanksgivingdinner:---Thanksgivingparade:3.Adayofcelebrationandfamilyreunion

Thanksgiving971.Theorigin:Thanksgiving973)ColonialLife

A.everydaylife:shelter:caves,logcabin:clothing:simpleandrough:food:plentifulB.Education:---NewEngland---thesoutherncolonies---Harvardin1636&Yalein1701983)ColonialLife98C.Religion---Congregationalistschurch---Episcopal---variousothersectsD.Government:agovernorineachcolonyrepresentstheKing*callthelegislature:*appointofficers*commanderofthecolony“militia”.99C.Religion99ChapterIITheWarofIndependence1.ThecontradictionbetweenBritain&colonies2.TheUnityofthecolonies3.ThefireofLexingtonandtheDeclarationofIndependence4.Progressofthewar&itsSignificance5.TheConfederation&theConstitution100ChapterIITheWarofIndepen1.TheContradictions:1)growingpopulation&wealthresultsinlessdependenceonEngland2)Britain’seconomicexploitation&strictpoliciesA.theStampActB.theTownshendActs3)resistanceandrepealingoftheActs:4)theBostonMassacre&committeesofcorrespondence5)theBoston“TeaParty”&“IntolerableAct”

1011.TheContradictions:1012.theUnityofthecolonies:1)suppliestoBostonpeopleafterthe“IntolerableActs”2)thefirstContinentalCongress,17743)preparationsforwar---collectionforarms&ammunition---trainingmilitia

1022.theUnityofthecolonies:13.TheFireofLexington&theDeclarationofIndependence

1)thefirstshots,

1775

2)theSecondContinentalCongress:---continentalAmy&NavyunderthecommandofGeorgeWashington---assumethefunctionofanationalgovernment1033.TheFireofLexington&the3)drafting&adoptionoftheDeclarationofIndependence,July,4,1776A.content:---listgrievancesagainstBritishKing;---explainthephilosophybehindtherevolution:B.significance:---markedthebirthofanewnation:theUnitedStates

1043)drafting&adoptionofthe*menhaveanaturalrightto“life,liberty,andthepursuitofHappiness”*governmentscanruleonlywith“theconsentofthegoverned”*anygovernmentmaybedissolvedwhenitfailstoprotecttherightsofthepeople.

105*menhaveanaturalrighttoTheDeclarationofIndependenceWe,therefore,theRepresentativesoftheunitedStatesofAmerica,inGeneralcongress,Assembled,appealingtotheSupremeJudgeoftheworldfortherectitudeofourintentions,do,intheName,andbyAuthorityofthegoodPeopleoftheseColonies,solemnlypublishanddeclare.106TheDeclarationofIndependenc

ThattheseUnitedColoniesare,andofRightoughttobeFreeandIndependentStates;thattheyareAbsolvedfromallAllegiancetotheBritishCrown,andthatallpoliticalconnectionbetweenthemandtheStateofGreatBritain,isandoughttobetotallydissolved;andthatasFreeandIndependentStates,theyhavefullPowertolevyWar,concludePeace,contractAlliances,establishCommerce,andtodoallotherActsandThingswhichIndependentStatesmayofright107

ThattheseUnitedColoni《独立宣言》

我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权力，谨庄严宣告：这些联合殖民地从此成为、而且名正言顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国，它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系，而它们与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系也应从此完全废止。---摘自《独立宣言》

108《独立宣言》

108Later,JohnHancockreferstosomeone’ssignature,so“yourJohnHancock”means

yoursignature.

“yourJohnHancock”109Later,JohnHancockreferst4.progressoftheWar:1775-17831)theWarinthenorth:thebattleofTrentonThebattleofMonmouth2)TheturningpointoftheWarthevictoryofSaratoga:3)HelpfromFranceagreatdiplomaticandmilitaryvictory.1104.progressoftheWar:1775-1SaratogaBattleTime:1777GeneralBurgoynev.sGeneralHoratioGates111SaratogaBattleTime:17771114)TheWarintheWest5)TheWarintheSouth:---Yorktownbattle:6)TreatyofParisSep,3rd,1783.

CanadaFloridaMississippi1124)TheWarintheWestCanadaFYorktownBattleTime:1781Cornwallisv.sWashingtonAmerican-FrenchAlliance113YorktownBattleTime:17811135.Thesignificance:p696.TheConfederationandtheConstitution:1)Confederationperiod,1783-17892)themakingoftheConstitution,1787

A.thebackground:

B.thestructureofthegovernment:theexecutivethejudicialthelegislativeHouseofRepresentativeSenate

1145.Thesignificance:p69114C.

TheBillofRights:FederalistsAnti-federalistsJohnHamilton.ThomasJefferson

TheFirstTenAmendments---theBillofRights.3)Thefirst