四大名词性从句-主语从句精讲课件

名词性从句

nounclause名词性从句

nounclause什么是名词性从句根据从句在句子中的功能分根据从句的性质分定语从句形容词性从句主语从句名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句状语从句副词性从句什么是名词性从句根据从句在句子中的功能分根据从句的性质分定语高考考试重点考查名词性从句的语序问题考查引导词that与what的区别考查it在名称从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法考查whether与if的区别考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与nomatter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题高考考试重点考查名词性从句的语序问题nounclauses名词性从句subjectiveclause主语从句objectiveclause宾语从句predicativeclause表语从句appositiveclause同位语从句nounclausessubjectiveclauseoWhatkindofnounclausesarethey?

请区分下列句子分别是什么从句

1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.Idon’tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句brainstorming(2m)Whatkindofnounclausesare名词性从句相当于一个名词作用的从句称作名词性从句，名词性从句常在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。如：1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.Idon’tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.名词性从句名词性从句连接词可分为三类连接词：that,whether/if（是否）在句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.在句中充当主语，宾语连接副词：when, where, how, why在句中充当状语名词性从句连接词可分为三类1.

willtakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.谁将参加会议还没有决定。2.

breaksthelaswillbepunished.无论谁违反了该条例，都将受到惩罚。3.

studentwillwinthefirstisuncertain.哪个学生是第一个不确定的。4.

theysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.他们为什么突然消失仍然是个谜。5.

theywillsetoffisnotdecided.他们什么时候出发还没有决定。6.

sheisfromisunknown.她来自哪里还不知道。7.

wewillpaintthehousehasnotbeendecided.我们怎样粉刷房子还没有决定。8.

peoplecutdowntoomanytreesdestroyedthebalanceofnature.人们砍伐过多的树木破坏了自然的平衡。9.

lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.生命能否在地球上延续几百万年将取决于这个问题能否解决。10.

Isawwasbeyondanyverbaldescription.我所看到的是无法用言语描述的。WhoWhoeverWhichWhyWhenWhereHowThatWhetherWhatWhoWhoeverWhichWhyWhenWhereHowCompletethesentencesusingwhat,whether,where,when,who,why,how,orthat.Whatisneededforsuccessisyourhardwork.成功需要的是努力工作When/howtheywillarrivehasbeentoldtotheteacher.他们什么时候到达，已经告诉老师了。Where/whetherwewillgotomorrowhasn’tbeendecidedyet.我们明天去哪儿还没有决定。Whocanjoininthesportmeetisdecidedbytheteacher.谁能参加运动会是由老师决定的。Whetheritwillrainornotisnotclear.是否会下雨还不清楚。Whytheearthisbecomingwarmisagoodtopicforresearch.地球为什么变热是一个很好的研究课题。Thattheearthisasolidballisknowtousall.我们都知道地球是实心球。注意：主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。四大名词性从句-主语从句精讲ppt课件连接代词who(m),whose,what,which,when,where,why,how这类连接词,除了引导主从外,在从句中还分别起pron/adv./adj.的作用,在从句中分别做主语\宾语\表语\状语Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.高考题:_____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereIreadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter____itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which连接代词who(m),whose,what,whichwhoever,whomever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever等连接词与what等连接词的用法一样,只是具有较强的语意,“凡是,不管,无论”,

引导的主语从句一般不后置。Whateverhesaidwasn’ttrue.WhoeverguesseswhatIhaveinmyhandmayhaveit.=Anyonewhoguesses…=Thepersonwhoguesses…Whoever（无论谁）=anyone/anybodywho（谁）___hecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerteenagersshowedinterestintraditionalfestivals.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;thatwhoever,whomever,whichever,主语从句：做主语用的名词性从句，引导主语从句的有连词that

，whether，连接代词who，what，which，连接副词when，where，how，why等。注意：1.that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；2.连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分位置：1)位于句首．

2)位于句尾，使用it做形式主语，而把主语从放在句末．(注意：形式主语只能用it,不能使用this／that)主语从句：Foxexample:What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。2.Thathishairwasturninggreyworriedhimalot.他的头发变成了灰色让他很担忧3.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。注意：主语从句中的that绝对不能省去。因为句子是不能做主语的，故用that引导。若去掉则没有了主语，而宾语从句中的that可以省略如：Thatheisrightisknowntoallofus.主语从句Weallknow(that)heisright.宾语从句Foxexample:注意：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。It做形式主语代替主语从句主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子的某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连接词That。而被强掉部分指人时也可以用who/whomThathewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.

Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadvice.*it为形式主语2.Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.

Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.注意：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作用it作形式主语的结构：1）Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat……非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识Itisapity/shamethat…遗憾的是…Itisapitythat(很遗憾)welostthematch.Itisafactthat（这是事实）hecheatedintheexam.2)Itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…It’scertainthat…肯定…Itispossiblethat…很可能…Itisunlikelythat…不可能…Itisobviousthat…很明显…Itisnecessary/importantthat…+(should)+do…四大名词性从句-主语从句精讲ppt课件Itispossible(很可能)thatshewillcomebacktomorrow.Itisobviousthat（很明显）thismeasureiseffective.1).表示“应该，惊讶，惋惜，遗憾”等意义Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossible/strangethat…谓语形式为：should+动词原形,should可省略。Eg.a).Itisstrangethatheshouldnotcome.很奇怪，他竟然没有来b).Itisimportantthatweshoulddoenoughsports.我们做足够的运动很重要。2).表示“据建议，据要求，据命令”It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/commanded/insisted/required/proposed/desired/that…谓语形式:should+动词原形，should可省略a.)Itwasorderedthatallthepassengersshouldbesearched.据命令，所有乘客必须接受搜查。四大名词性从句-主语从句精讲ppt课件3)Itis+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想到…a).Ithappenedthat（刚好）Icameintotheofficeatthattime.b).Itoccurredtomethat（我突然想起）Iforgettosenttheletter.4)Itis+过去式+从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…It

is

known

to

all

that…众所周知…Itisbelievedthat…据信…;人们相信…Itissuggestedthat+(should)do…建议…Itmustbeadmittedthat…必须承认…Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否人…Itmustbepointedoutthat…需指出的是…a).It

is

reportedthat（据报道）20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.b).Itissuggestedthat（建议）weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercise.四大名词性从句-主语从句精讲ppt课件5)“无关紧要（的是）”Itdoesn’tmatter+主语从句ItmakesnodifferenceIt

doesn’t

matterwhetheroneiswealthyornot.Itmakesnodifferencewhether一个人是否富有无关紧要。四大名词性从句-主语从句精讲ppt课件主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:If引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首Itissaid/reported.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：正确表达：ItissaidthatPresidentXiwillvisitourschoolnextweek.错误的表达：ThatPresidentXiwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.3.Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：正确表达：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.错误表达:Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.4.Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：正确表达：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.错误的表达：Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.5.含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前，如：正确的表达：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?错误的表达：Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:名称性从句中的语序问题永远陈述语气名称性从句中不会出现助动词提前的现象，如：Whoishedoesn’tmatter.他是谁并不重要。Whenandwhereweshallhavethesportsmeetisaquestion.在哪里开、什么时候开运动会还是个问题。Idon’tknowwhathisnameis.我不知道他叫什么名字。Idon’tknowwhatiswrongwithhim.我不知道他怎么了。Youcan’timaginehowexcitedIwasatthattime.你没法想象我那个时候有多激动。Canyoutellmewhatsizeshoesyouwear?你能告诉我你穿多大码的鞋子吗？名称性从句中的语序问题Noonecanbesure

inamillionyears.whatwillmanlooklikeB.whatmanwilllooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike答案：B考查宾语从句的语序问题。应该是陈述语序。首先排除A/C两个选项。D选项不符合我们的语言习惯四大名词性从句-主语从句精讲ppt课件考点一、that和what的区别what可在名称性从句中作主语、宾语、表语。that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有什么意思如：Whatyoudiddoesn’tagreewithwhatyoupromised.你所做的与你允诺的不一致。Whathecouldn’tunderstandwaswhyhisteacherwasneversatisfiedwithhim.他无法理解的是为什么他的老师对他从不满意。ThematterofsalaryiswhatIcaremostifIdecidetochangemyprofession.薪水问题是我最关心的，如果我决定改变我的职业。Whatwecan’tgetalwaysseemsbetterthanwhatwehavealreadygot.我们不能得到的似乎总是比我们得到的要更好。5.Ithinkthatyourcompositionisnobetterthanhis.我认为你的作文不如他好。6.Thatyoudon’tloveheisnotmybusiness.你不爱他跟我无关。考点一、that和what的区别1.

Whatwehaveseenisdifferentfrom.A.weheardB.wehaveheardC.whatweheardD.whatwehaveheard答案:D这是一个宾语从句。从句中hear是个及物动词，缺少宾语。所以，应该选择what，充当hear的宾语，that在句中不充当任何成分，不选。2.Icouldn’tagreewith

inthemeeting.A.thatyousaidB.whichyousaidC.allwhatyousaidD.whatyousaid答案：D考查宾语从句，句中的say是个及物动词，缺少宾语，选择what引导的宾语从句。What是不引导定语从句的，排除C。四大名词性从句-主语从句精讲ppt课件考点二、that和whether的区别that引导主从只起引导作用，无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。Thatshelefthim

cuthimtotheheart.whether尽管不充当句子成分,但有“是否”的意思。它能够左右句子的意思，是从句所表达的意思变成一个还没有确定的因素。如：Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.考点二、that和whether的区别Idon’tknowwhetherhecanjoinusornot.我不知道他是否会加入我们。I’msurethathecanjoinus.我确定他会加入我们。ItisnoneofyourbusinesswhetherIloveher.我爱不爱她不关你的事。ItisnoneofyourbusinessthatIdon’tloveher.我不爱她不关你的事。总结：区分that还是whether，重要的一点就是看从句表达一个什么意思，是确定的还是不确定的；是事实还是疑问。前者选that，后者选whether。Idon’tknowwhetherhecanjoIhavenodoubt

Mr.Johnsonwillmakeithereontime.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.when答案：A前面已经出现了Ihavenodoubt（毫无疑问），这样的主句已经不再需要从句表达什么“是否”了。直接选确定的语气。No

one

can

be

sure

theboardwillacceptourconditions.A.ThatB.whetherC.whyD.what答案：BNocanbesure（没有人能肯定）就要去从句表达一个“董事会能否接受我们的条件”的意思，而不能是一个既定的事实。

IhavenodoubtMr.J1.___fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromonaspect.AWhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which2._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.WhereFillingtheblanks1.

Causedtheaccidentisstillamystery.

thedriver’scarelessnesscausedtheaccidentisknowntoall.Themysteryus

causedtheaccident.Itisknowntoall

thedriver’scarelessnesscausedtheaccident.

madetheschoolproudwasthat

morethat90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.Heiscuriousabout

iscalledthebirdnest.总结：what在句子中充当名称性成分（主、表、宾）that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。ABWhatThatwhatthatthatWhatwhat1.___fashiondiffersfromc

hewillsucceediscertain.Itiscertain

hewillsucceed.

hewillsucceedisuncertain.

hesucceededwasstillamystery.总结：名称性从句中缺什么就填相应疑问词，什么也不缺也要填that

5.Iknow

smokingdoesterribledamagetomyheartand

itismoredifficultforsmokingcouplestobecomepregnant.总结：多个宾语从句中，第一个that可省略，后面的都不可以省略。ThatthatWhetherWhetherthatthatThatthatWhetherWhetherthatthat考点三、if和whether的区别两者都有“是否”的意思，但并不能永远可以互换。一般认为，两者可以互换的环境也只有在宾语从句中。如：Hedidn’tgiveusexplicitreplywhether/ifhewillattendourweddingceremony.而在介词的宾语从句中，在主语/表语/同位句从句中，在和不定式搭配的结构中等等，习惯上只能用whether。如：

we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where2.Thequestionof

theyareoldoryoungisnotimportant.A.whichB.whetherC.howD.if3.Thequestionis

thefilmisworthseeing.IfB.whatC.whetherD.how4.Hedoesn’tknow

tostayornot.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how5.Thenews

ourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.A.whichB.ifC.whetherD.thenBBCCC考点三、if和whether的区别BBCCC考点四、wh-词和wh-ever的区别一般认，wh-词在引导从句是，依然保留着很大部分的疑问词的本色，所以它们引导的从句在意思上应该表达的是一个问题，如：who（谁）/what（什么）/when（何时）/where（何地）/why（为何）。而wh-ever更多的是充满了让步的意味，无论/不管之意。如：1.Thepolicewantedtoknow

willbenefitmostfromtheoldman’sdeath.警方想知道谁将从老人的去世中受益最多。2.

willbenefitfromtheoldman’sdeathwillbequestionedbythepolice.能从老人的去世之中受益的所有人都将受到警方的盘问。3.

willbesenttohelpthepeopleinthefloodedareashasn’tbeenannounced.谁将被派往洪灾区救援还没有宣布。4.

willbesenttoworkinthefloodedareaswillsparenoefforttohelpthepeopleinneed.不管是谁被派往灾区救援都会全力以赴地帮助灾民。whoWhoeverWhoWhoever考点四、wh-词和wh-ever的区别whoWhoever考点五、nomatterwh-和wh-ever的区别问题两者都有“无论…”之意。在引导让步状语从句时可以互换，没有什么区别。但是，nomatterwh-只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名称性从句。Wh-ever则两者都可以。由此包含与被包含的关系决定，二者同时出现而必选其一时，答案肯定时wh-ever。如：1.

breakstheruleswillbepunished.（主语从句）2.

breakstherules,he/shewillbepunished.（状语从句）3.Don’tbelieve

hetellsyou.（宾语从句）4.Don’tbelievehim,

hetells.（状语从句）WhoeverWhoever/Nomatterwhowhateverwhoever/nomatterwho考点五、nomatterwh-和wh-ever的区别问题考点六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气先看宾语从句的虚拟语气。一般来说，如果从句作的是表示说话人某种观点、态度或者要求等语气的动词的宾语是，从句中要求用”should+动词原形”的虚拟语气（should经常可以省略）。这些动词常见的有：desire\demand\require\order\propose\command\advise\suggest，如：Heinsistedthatshe(should)spendmoretimestudying.Hedemandedthatwe(should)beontime.Thebossrequiredthatallwaiters(should)keepstandingalldaylong.ThepublishinghousesuggestedthatI(should)typemybookout.考点六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气注意：有两个特例额，那就是suggest和insist。他们两后面的宾语从句是否用虚拟语气还要看具体的语境来定，如ThedoctorsuggestedthatIhadacold.解释、说明Thebigsmilesonherfacesuggestedthatshehadpassedthetest.表明ThedoctorsuggestedthatI(should)stayinbedforafewday.建议Theyoungmaninsistedthathewaswellenoughtoserveinthearmy.坚持一个事实而不是一种观点。不用虚拟语气Thatyoungmaninsistedthatheshouldbesendtothefront.坚持一种观点，即“他应该被派往前线”，用虚拟语气。其他三中从句中的虚拟同宾语从句一样。如：注意：有两个特例额，那就是suggest和insist。他们Theheadquarters’suggestionisthatwe(should)waitforanotherfewday.表语从句Hisorderthatallthesoldiersshouldswimacrosstheriverwasrefused.同位语从句Itisstronglyrecommendedthatyoushouldtakeataxi.主语从句另外，下面这些特殊的句型中，后面的主语从句也用虚拟语气。Itisimportant/necessary/natural/awonder/essential（必需的）/suggestedthat...(should)do…1)Itisimportantthatyoushouldbeontime.2).Itisnecessarythatyoushouldexerciseregularly.b.Iwishthat…did…我希望…如：IwishIwereabird.IwishonedayIcouldliveonthemoon.c.I’dratherthat…did…我宁愿…如：I’dratheryoudidityourself.I’dratherIhadn’tlentyouthatbicycleyesterday.Theheadquarters’suggestioniCorrectornot?*whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaven’tbeenknownyet.……beheldhasn’tbeenknownyet.Payattention:主语从句的谓语用单数形式

makeasentence:

Whatthecatdidmadethebabycry.whatThecatdocrymadeCorrectornot?whatThecatdoc用whether/if填空Thequestionis

thefilmisworthseeing.

weshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.Translatethesentence.

theyarebadlyinneedofhelp（他们很需要帮助）isquiteclear.whetherwhetherThat用whether/if填空whetherwhetherThMakeasentence

Whattheyaretalkingaboutistheuseofcellphone.TalkaboutTheuseofcellphoneMakeasentenceTalkaboutTheuCorrectornot?*Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.XWhetherwewill……decidedyet.Payattention:放在名词性从句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether，不能用ifTranslatethesentence*ItisknowntoushowMarkTwainbecameagreatwriter（马克吐温怎样成为一位伟大的作家）Correctornot?（马克吐温怎样成为一位伟大的作Make

a

sentence

report,getthehighestpoints,match

ItisreportedthatYaoMinggotthehighestpointsinthematch.MakeasentenceCorrect

or

not?Itisimportantthatwewillfinishtheworkontime.X

Itisimportantthatweshouldfinish……Payattention:注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！在itisnecessary/important/natural…that…句型中，从句的谓语要用should+do的形式Correctornot?Correctornot?1.Thatshewantstoknowiswhenthepartywillbeheld.X

Whatshewantstoknowis……Payattention:此主语从句中缺少成分-宾语，故用作成分的what来引导，而不用that。

2.

He

will

giveuphisjobsurprisesallofus.

XThathewillgiveup……Payattention:由that引导的主语从句放在句首，that不能省略。Correctornot?MakeasentenceDon’tknowtheanswer,teacher,angryItmakestheteacherangrythatthechilddo