英语中考复习-名词课件

中考一轮复习

名词中考一轮复习学习目标掌握可数名词及其单复数的用法；掌握不可数名词及其量的表示方法；掌握专有名词及名词所有格的用法。学习目标掌握可数名词及其单复数的用法；21.YoungcouplesliketosearchtheInternetfor(2012镇江)some

(suggest)onhowtonametheirbabies.2.Theboyismorethan2metersin

(high)andheisgoodatplayingbasketball.(2012盐城)3.The

(develop)ofsciencehaschangedourworldalot.(2012盐城)4.Sometimesitrequirescouragetotellthe

(true).(2012无锡)5.Attheexhibition,thelittleboy’s

(invent)attractedmanyITengineers.(2012淮安)6.Thesedaysmanypeoplearetalkingaboutthe

(safe)offood.(2012南通)suggestionsheightdevelopmenttruthinvention(s)safety1.Youngcouplesliketosearc3

类别知识点能级要求识记理解应用名词1、可数名词及其单复数2、不可数名词3、专有名词4、名词所有格

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√中考要求

类别知识点能级要求名词

中考要求作主语

The

populationinChinaisverylarge.作表语

I’mnotachild

anylonger.作称呼语

Boys,don’tmakesomuchnoise.作定语

FarmersgrowbananatreesinthesouthofChina.作宾语补足语

WecalltheboyMike.作直接宾语

Hisuncleboughthima

dictionary.作间接宾语

Hegavethe

boymuchmoney.作状语

Iwatchedafootballmatchlastnight.作宾语

Iwashedmyclothesyesterday.名词的句法功能作主语名词的句法功能名词的分类普通名词专有名词可数名词(单复数形式)不可数名词(量的表达)名词的词义辨析相关的词性转换名词所有格名词的分类普通名词专有名词可数名词(单复数形式)不可数专有名词a.表示人名、地名、节日名、一周七天、十二个月的专有名词，须以大写的字母开头。例如：Lucy,Nanjing,WashingtonD.C.,Christmas,MayDay,Saturday,Tuesday,March,April,October…b.海洋、河流、山脉等专有名词前加the。例如：

thePacific(Ocean),theSeineRiver,theAlps…c.由普通名词变成的专有名词前常加the。例如：theGreatWall,theUnitedStates…d.表示一家人的两种方式：1.the+姓氏的复数2.the+姓氏+family

例如：TheGreensisabigfamily. TheBrownfamilyarehavingsuppernow.专有名词a.表示人名、地名、节日名、一周七天、十二个月的专

a.规则变化：

1）______________如：map---mapsfield--fields

2）__________________如：virus---viruses，box---boxes盒子dish---dishes盘子，match---matches比赛

3）_______________________如:leaf---leaves叶thief---thieves贼knife-knives小刀

4）_____________________________如:party---parties党factory---factories工厂family-families

家庭5）_____________________________________

radios

收音机,photos照片,videos录像,zeros零,zoos动物园,kilos公斤…potato---potatoes

马铃薯hero---heroes

英雄

tomato—tomatoes西红柿mango—mangoes或mangos芒果一般加-s

以s,x,sh,ch

结尾的名词后加-es以f或fe结尾的名词,变为-ves以辅音字母

+y结尾，变y为i，再加-es

以o结尾的名词，大部分加-s,但要记住一些特殊加-es的实际上也有直接加-s的：roofs,beliefs,proofs注意：stomachs可数名词的单、复数形式可数名词的复数形式学会自己总结！但是：以元音字母＋y结尾的，直接加-s.如:toys,days一般加-s以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加-esb.

不规则变化

1）变内部元音字母。a)______________man--menwoman---womenEnglishman---Englishmenb)______________foot---feettooth---teethgoose—geese2）_______________________

如:fish----fishgoldfish---goldfishspacecraft–spacecraftsheep---sheepJapanese—JapaneseChinese---Chinese3）其他特殊变化

如mouse---mice;child---children小孩4）注意：复合名词的复数形式。复合名词变复数时，一般只要把最后一个构成部分变为复数形式即可。如agirlstudent→fivegirlstudents

但第一个名词是man或woman时,则必须将_______________________，如amandoctor→twomendoctors男医生awomanteacher→twowomenteachers女教师

改a为e型：改oo为ee型：形式不变(即单复数一致)前后两个组成部分都变为复数注意这几个单词的复数：humans;Walkmans;Germans注意：boots;shoots字母、数字、引语或缩略词的复数形式是在其后加-’s

或-s.There

aretwof’sintheword“office”.ManyVIPsarecomingtotheparty.注意：severalshoeshops,apairofsportsshoes,aclothesshop改a为e型：改oo为ee型：形式不变(即单复数一致)前后两1.---Mum,todayisyourday,theWomen’sDay.Herearesome

(flower)foryou.(2010南京)---It’sverythoughtfulofyou.Thanks,Kitty.2.

Many

(butterfly)haveroundmarksontheirwingsthatlookslikeeyes.(2010无锡)3.Thebaby’sfirstfront

(牙齿)arejustcomingthrough.(2010苏州)4.Couldyoupassthe

(knife)tome?Weneedthemtomakepumpkinlanterns.(2010常州)5.Mostofthetouristsonthecoachare

(German),onlytwoofthemare

(Japanese).6.Ourmoderntimesneedmoreandmore

(hero)forustolearnfrom.(2012江苏泰州)flowersbutterfliesteethknivesGermansJapanese中日不变英法变，其余S加后面。heroes注意：在few,afew,several,many,oneof,anumberof后一定加可数名词的复数形式。1.---Mum,todayisyourday,8.--Whataretheydoingthere?--Allthe

teachersand

studentsarehavingameeting.(2012湖北黄冈)women;girlsB.women;girlC.woman;girlD.woman;girlsB7.

(节日)likeChristmasandHalloweenare

alsopopularinChinanow.(2012连云港)

Festivals8.--Whataretheydoingthere

可数、不可数名词的量的表示法apieceofnewstwopiecesoffurniturealoafofbreadtwocartonsofmilkapacketofsugarthreekilosofmeatamomentoffeartwohoursofhomeworkabagofapplestwobagsofpeaches

abasketofpotatoesthreebasketsoftomatoes1.Forbreakfast,Iusuallyhave

andtwopiecesofbread.(2011杭州)acupofmilkhalfB.halfacupofmilkC.ahalfmilkcupD.halfamilkcupB可数、不可数名词的量的表示法apieceofnew注意这些名词是不可数名词:music,

weather,knowledge,

health,

energy,traffic,advice,news,information3)Thereisalotof________(车辆)onthestreet.traffic4)Hehasplentyofk__________abouthistory,sohisstudentsadmire(羡慕)him.nowledge注意：在little(表示“少”),alittle,much

后要加不可数名词。1)Hegavemeless________(建议)thanyoudid.advice2)Therearelittle

(rabbit)onthehill.rabbits注意：在alotof,lotsof,plentyof,some,any

后可以加不可数名词,亦可以加可数名词复数。5)Hehassomegood__________(idea)tohelpussolveproblems.ideas注意这些名词是不可数名词:music,weather,k类别意义例词专有名词表示人名、地名、机构组织名称等的名词Lucy,theGreens,China,theGreatWall,theUnitedStates普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的名词teacher,dictionary,chair,book,dog集体名词表示群体的名词family,class,police,people不可数名词物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料的名词rice,glass,water,paper,air,wood,wool抽象名词表示状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词danger,health,knowledge,work注意1：有些名词既有可数也有不可数的现象。exercise,glass,fish,orange,paper,room,work,time,experience…注意2：有些名词常以复数形式出现的现象。noodles,glasses,trousers,clothes,chopsticks,shoes,shorts…注意3：有些名词以s结尾，但却不是复数。physics,maths,news,virus,theUnitedStates…注意4：复合词中的名词a20-meter-longpoolTheboyis18yearsold.=Heisan18-year-oldboy.注意5:有些不可数名词和a，an连用的特殊情况。haveagoodtime

玩得开心,aheavyrain一场大雨,abigsuccess非常成功

注意几类特殊的名词：类别意义例词专有名词表示人名、地名、机构组织名称等的名词Lu1.Youshouldtakemore

.Don’talwaysbeatthedeskbusydoingyour

.(2010昆山)exercise;exerciseB.exercises;exercises

C.exercises;exerciseD.exercise;exercises2.Myteacherhasgivenmelotsof

.They’reveryuseful.(2010上海长宁)informationB.adviceC.suggestionsD.news3.---It’ssaidthataforeignEnglishteacherwillteachusEnglishnextterm.----Wow!

!WecanpracticeouroralEnglishbetter.A.WhatanexcitingnewsB.HowexcitedthenewsisC.WhatexcitingnewsD.Howexcitingnews

DCC(2012扬州)1.Youshouldtakemore4.Thedoctortoldmetoeatmore

becauseit’sgoodformyhealth.(2011江西)orangeB.vegetablesC.icecream5.I’mgoingtothesupermarkettobuysome

thisafternoon.(2012陕西)paperandpencilB.applesandbananaC.milkandeggsD.bowlandspoonsBC4.Thedoctortoldmetoeatm名词所有格名词所有格的构成方式可以概括为以下三类:1)’s形式的所有格

today’snewspaperTeachers’DayChildren’sDayMaryandhersister’sbedroom(两者共有)Tom’sandMary’s

bags(两者分别拥有)tenminutes’walk=ten-minutewalkatthedentist’s

在牙医诊所

2)of或

to

短语构成的所有格amapofChinatheleavesofthetreethenamesofthedirectorsthekeytothedoortheentrancetothecinema

theanswertothequestion3)双重所有格

afriendofmyfather’s=oneofmyfather’sfriendsaphotoof

mineabook

ofMary’s名词所有格名词所有格的构成方式可以概括为以下三类:1.Thethemeparkisabout

ridefromthemuseum.Youshouldstartoutrightnow.(2011无锡)twohourB.twohour’sC.twohours’D.two-hours2.I’vegotatoothache,soIneedtogotothe

(dentist).3.---It’sverygoodthatthegirls’surveyhasbeenhandedin.Howaboutthe

(boy)?(2012年镇江)visitors’Cdentist’sboys’4.Theguidehascollectedallthe

(visit)IDcards.(2010常州)1.Thethemeparkisabout词性转换1)加后缀ness

如：sickness;happiness;business2)加后缀ment如：advertisement;development;achievement

3)加后缀ion如：pollution;education;operation;communication;discussion;expression;

decide;4)加后缀ance如：appearance;performance;

enter;5)

加后缀ing如：building;skiing;shopping;jogging;beginning6)

变末尾t为ce如：confidence;importance;difference

7)以y结尾如：beauty;difficulty8)结尾加th

如：warmth;growth;length;strength;

truedecisionentrancetruth词性转换1)加后缀nesstruedecisionen注意②：有些名词的形式不止一种！

要根据句意选择适当的名词形式！如：performer/performance;science/scientist;thief/theft;director/direction;business/businessman;cook/cooker;

friend/friendship;murder/murderer

;end/ending…9)加后缀er或or如：singer;writer;foreigner;teenager;ruler;printer…注意双写：swimmer;winner;runner;shopper；

注意以or结尾的：inventor;visitor;actor;director1.ZhangZiyiisoneofthemostfamous

(演员)intheworld.actresses2.Someofhis

(invent)areveryuseful.inventions注意①：有性别区别的名词actor/actress;waiter/waitress;salesman/saleswoman3.Atthe

oftheday,wewatchedafilm.Ithasahappy

.(结尾)endending注意②：有些名词的形式不止一种！如：performer/10)特殊的变化如：动词变名词：lose;affect;fly;choose;bleed;breathe;die;marry;arrive;serve;complain;think

如：形容词变名词：proud;wise;safe;medical;weigh;high;pleased;

losseffectflightchoicebloodbreathdeathmarriage

arrivalservicecomplaintthoughtwisdomsafetymedicineweightheightpleasure1.Wewon’twinthematchwithoutyour

(support).support11)一词有多种词性

:wonder,trouble,cause,sleep,work,calm,smile,laugh,iron,hope,help,wish,support,book,order,copy…pride10)特殊的变化losseffectflightchoiWhetherwrittenorpurelymental,the17isthesame.promiseB.profileC.programD.process2012年南京市中考二、完形填空---Wishyouapleasantjourney.(2012扬州)---Thanks!I’llgiveyoua

assoonasIarriveinParis.ringB.handC.rideD.present2.---Mr.LiwassenttoteachChineseinanAmericanhighschoollastyear.---Yes,Iknow.Hetoldmehewouldneverforgethispleasant

whileworkingthere.(2012镇江)A.experimentsB.expressionsC.experiencesD.explorationsACWhetherwrittenorpurelymen3.一Mrs.Black，couldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtowriteanapplicationletter?

一Withpleasure．Rememberthatthelettershouldbewrittenintheformal_____．（2011南京）

A.valueB.styleC.effectD.mood4.Thetwocitieshavereachedan

todevelopscienceandtechnology.（2011盐城）

A．educationB．excitementC．agreementD．inventionBC注意：平时记住单词的词义，做题时再通过理解句意，判断选择答案！3.一Mrs.Black，couldyougivem注意名词的词义辨析family强调家庭成员；home指人们生活居住的地方，强调居住的范围和环境；house强调“住宅”。voice强调“嗓音”；noise指不悦耳不和谐的嘈杂声；sound强调自然界的物理声音。problem与“困难”相联系，可以指社会或教学问题这些问题是有待解决的，与之搭配的动词是workout和solve等；question总是与“疑问、质问、询问”相联系，这种问题是有待回答的，常与动词ask,answer等连用。Themusicmademethinkofthe

ofarunningstream.(2008安徽)shoutB.noiseC.voiceD.soundD注意名词的词义辨析family强调家庭成员；home指人们生man男人或人类（表人类时，不加任何冠词）Onlymancansavetheearth.people人们=personsThesquareisfilledwith

people.person

一个人如:Heisanimpatientperson.journey可数名词，有目的的陆上长途旅行。ThejourneywilltakehimtoJapan,ChinaandAustralia.travel

不可数名词，指各种旅行。Theyhadeightdays’travelbycar.trip可数名词，指(某一趟)旅行。Itookatrip

toEnglandlastyear.tour根据一定路线，事先预定地点，目的多为观光视察等。Willyoutellusaboutthetour

ofSouthAmerica?cause原因,起因Theyrefusedtocommentonthecause

ofthecrash.reason理由Shegavenoreasonsforherdecision.excuse借口,辩解Idon’twanttolistentoyourexcuse.man男人或人类（表人类时，不加任何冠词）journey可注意：容易拼错的名词1)stationery(文具);dictionary(字典);laboratory(实验室)2)experience(经验；经历);experiment(实验)3)sugar(糖);dollar(美元);guitar(吉他)4)

difference(不同点);difficulty(困难)5)March(三月);match(比赛；火柴；相配)6)

sweet(糖果);sweat(汗)7)

model(模型;模特);medal(奖牌);metal(金属)8)

chicken(鸡肉;小鸡);kitchen(厨房)9)parent(父母);present(礼物);president(总统)10)monkey(猴子);money(钱)11)award(奖励;奖品);reward(酬金;赏金)12)

progress(进步);problem(问题);program(节目;程序)13)

prize(奖品);price(价格)14)pocket(口袋);packet(小包)15)letter(信);litter(垃圾)16)effect(影响);effort(努力)17)diary(日记)18)vacation(假期)19)soldier(士兵)

注意：容易拼错的名词1)stationery(文具);1)Nowmanypeopleusecellphonesinsteadof

(随身听)tolistentomusic.2)Therearetwo

(美国人)drinkingcoffeeinthebar.3)Manypeoplein

(西方国家)likeCoke.4)Theyusuallyhaveaholidayin

(香港).5)I’dliketolearntoswimevery

(周六).6)Manyyoungpeopleliketohaveagreattimeat

(圣诞节).7)Ireallyhopetojoin

(学生会).8)

(妇女节)ison

.(三月八日)

theStudents’

UnionAmericanstheWestHongKongSaturdayChristmasWalkmansWomen’sDayMarch8th根据所给中文完成句子。1)Nowmanypeopleusecellph272013中考名词试题1.MrWhite,theprincipal,hasmadeagreat_____tothegrowthoftheschool.A.contributionB.progressC.inventionD.protection2.IamsureCindywillbeabletofindthehotel-shehasaprettygood_______ofdirection.

A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense3.Thankyouforyour______.IknowalotaboutOxfamTrailwalkernow.A.attentionB.operationC.inventionD.information2013中考名词试题1.MrWhite,theprin4.----It’sawise_____towearthewhitetie.Itmatchesyourshirtwell.----Thankyouverymuch.A.choiceB.supportC.mixtureD.honour5.----Doyouhaveany______?----Yes,Ilikechessanddramabest.A.jobsB.dutiesC.hobbiesD.problems6.IfIamwantedinthetelephone,askhimtoleavea_____.A.messageB.letterC.diaryD.sentence7.----Shallwego_____onSunday?Ilovewatersports.----That’sagoodidea.A.hikingB.swimmingC.cyclingD.skating

4.----It’sawise_____towe8.----Iwillbuyyouanewbikeifyoulearnhowtoswimthissummer.----Isthata_____?I’msureI’llgetthebike.A.chanceB.promiseC.trickD.treat1.Whereareyougoingtoputyour_____(自行车)?It’ssocrowdedhere.2.Whata_____(杂乱)youhavemade!You’dbetterclearitupbeforeMumgetshome.3.Wefeltstrangeabouthis____(silent)atthepartyasheusedtobeveryoutgoing.4.Amylookssmartwithapairof_____(glass)onhernose.bicycle(s)messsilenceglasses8.----Iwillbuyyouanewbi5.Theaudiencecanenjoyyoung_____(direct)filmsfromdifferentcou