贵州省贵阳市外国语实验中学2021年高三英语下学期期末试卷含解析

贵州省贵阳市外国语实验中学2021年高三英语下学期期末试卷含解析一、选择题1.Nowhereelse,asTim’ssistersaid,_____exceptthesmallgardeninthebackyardafterschool.A.wouldhego

B.hedidgo

C.hadhegone

D.hehasgone参考答案：A2.Ihopethereareenoughcopiesofthebookforeachguesttohave___________.A．it

B．one

C．them D．those参考答案：B3.Usuallynewbornbabiescan______betweenaman’sandawoman’svoice.A.squeeze B.trap C.inspect D.discriminate参考答案：D【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：往往新生儿能辨别男士和女士的声音。squeeze挤压，榨出；trap使陷入困境，卡住；inspect检查，视察；discriminate辨别。根据betweenaman’sandawoman’svoice可知，新生儿能分清男士和女士的声音。故选D项。4.Duetoculturaldifferences,mostartistsfindithardto______Chinesecrosstalkstowesterners.

A.getacross

B.getover

C.comeacross

D.comeover参考答案：A5.Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar’sengine._____,we’d

bettertakeittothegarageimmediately.A.Otherwise

B.IfnotC.Butforthat

D.Ifso参考答案：D略6.Themanagerwillgivethejobto________havingcapabilityandresponsibilityforit.

A.whoever

B.whomever

C.nomatterwho

D.anyone参考答案：B略7.AstheUNnewsreported,ashipcarryingfood,medicalhelpandotherreliefitems___theportlately．

A．havearrived

B．hasarrived

C．isarriving

D．arriving

参考答案：B略8.Hedidn’t

whatIsaidbecausehismindwasonsomethingelse.A.takeover

B.takein

C.takeup

D.takeoff参考答案：B9.Heisnota

delightedboy.Iam

troubledbyhim.A.very;much

B.much;much

C.very;very

D.much;very参考答案：A略10._____basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.A.Known B.HavingknownC.Knowing D.Beingknown参考答案：C11.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismother

toldhim___________.A.notto

B.nottodo

C.notdoitD.donotto

参考答案：A12.NewYorkissuchalargecitythatyouwon’tknowenoughaboutit

youlivethereforhalfayear．

A．asif

B．nowthat

C．evenif

D．sothat参考答案：C

13.Theyweretoldnottoleavetheirwork

．

A．donehalf

B．halfdone

C．ahalfdone

D．doneahalf参考答案：B14.参考答案：A略15.—I’mgoingtoattendajobinterview.Wouldyouliketotellmesomethingaboutyourexperience?

—______.Letmetellafterclass.

A.That’sallright

B.Ofcourse

C.Goahead

D.Itjustdepends参考答案：B16.He______inayouthhostelfortwomonthswhenhewasinLondon．（）A．hasstayed B．stayedC．hadstayed D．hadbeenstaying参考答案：B当他在伦敦时，他在一个青年旅馆住了两个月．由语境：当他在伦敦时，句中was，可知是叙述过去的事情，用一般过去时．故选B．考查一般过去时，一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为．17.________intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.

A.Whatisrequired

B.whatrequires

C.Itisrequired

D.Asisrequired参考答案：C18.______fromthispoint，theproblempresentsnoeasysolution．（）A．See B．Tosee C．Seen D．Seeing参考答案：C分析句子结构可知，逗号之后是主句，两个分句间没有连接词，所以逗号之前是非谓语动词形式，主句的主语是"theproblem"与所给动词"see"存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此用过去分词，A项为动词原形，不符合语境，排除；B项不定式表动作未发生，D项现在分词表主动，都不符合，故排除，故选C．19.Adelewasthebiggestwinneratthe54thannualGrammyAwardsandshestillkeepsmovingforward____theresult.A.whatever

B.however

C.wherever

D.whichever参考答案：A二、完型填空20.Medicalbillswerepiling.Kidsneededglasses,carsneededrepairs,andthedogneededsurgery.Ontopofthat,Christmaswasalmost___21___ussopresentsneededtobepurchased.Butallofthatwas___22___whenmyhusband.Brian,waswaitinginourlocaltireshoptohavehissixtrucktires___23___onasnowynight.Heoverheardthetiresalesman___24___ayoungmomwith3childrenthatshewasinserious___25___ofallnewtires,aseachonewascompletely___26___down.___27___,theyoungmomsaidshedidn’thavethemoneytoreplacemorethanonetireonhercar.Onhearingthat,Brian___28___topayforatiretobeinstalled.___29___oftheonetirethiswomanwasabletopurchase.Brianknewthateventhoughitwasjustastart,theyoungmomwouldhemuch___30___drivingonthe___31___roadswithabalancedsetoftwonewtiresthantheywouldwithjustonenewtire.Theyoungmomwassosurprisedthatshe___32___chokedup.Eyesfilledwithtears,shethankedBrianandpulledaway.Myhusbandisanaturallymodest.___33___manwhofeelsrewardedinthegiving,notinthe___34___inlife.Soimaginehisunexpected___35___,whenhelaterdiscoveredthesalesmanhad___36___theentireamountspentonthe___37___tiretohisbill!___38___theseventiresmyhusbandbought,thesalesmanonly___39___himforsix.Thesimpleactofonemanmakingthedecisiontosharewhathehad,ratherthanworryingaboutwhathewould___40___,changedthingsthatnight.21.A.in

B.upon

C.for

D.before22.A.forgotten

B.solved

C.changed

D.purchased23.A.abandoned

B.repaired

C.examined

D.replaced24.A.warn

B.persuade

C.explain

D.mention25.A.danger

B.place

C.need

D.face26.A.taken

B.broken

C.pulled

D.worn27.A.Angrily

B.Disappointedly

C.Unexpectedly

D.Sadly28.A.hurried

B.tried

C.offered

D.used29.A.front

B.opposite

C.sure

D.instead30.A.safer

B.faster

C.happier

D.luckier31.A.icy

B.hard

C.dark

D.long32.A.greatly

B.finally

C.instantly

D.excitedly33.A.intelligent

B.meaningful

C.humorous

D.generous34.A.helping

B.receiving

C.using

D.thanking35.A.surprise

B.satisfaction

C.chance

D.discovery36.A.added

B.paid

C.discounted

D.returned37.A.spare

B.extra

C.new

D.whole38.A.Regardlessof

B.Morethan

C.Ratherthan

D.Inspiteof39.A.sold

B.charged

C.asked

D.appreciated40.A.comeacross

B.comeover

C.gowithout

D.gofor参考答案：21.B

22.A

23.D

24.A

25.C

26.D

27.D

28.C

29.B

30.A

31.A

32.C

33.D

34.B

35.A

36.D

37.B

38.C

39.B

40.C本文通过讲述作者丈夫的经历，说明爱心可以传递，并且告诉我们这样一个道理，分享自己拥有的，而不是担心自己没有的。21.B考查介词。由sopresentsneededtobepurchased.可知圣诞节几乎临近。in在……之内，upon接近，for因为，before在……之前。22.A考查动词。由whenmyhusband.Brian,waswaitinginourlocaltireshoptohavehissixtrucktires___3___onasnowynight.可知但是所有的那些都被忘记了。forgotten忘记，solved解决，changed改变，purchased购买。23.D考查动词。由theyoungmomsaidshedidn’thavethemoneytoreplacemorethanonetireonhercar.可知我的丈夫正在等待着六个卡车轮胎被替换。abandoned抛弃，repaired修理，examined检查，replaced替换。24.A考查动词。由shewasinserious___5___ofallnewtires,可知这位轮胎售货员在提醒这位年轻的妈妈。warn提醒，persuade劝说，explain解释，mention提到。25.C考查语义理解。由aseachonewascompletely___6___down.可知这位年轻的妈妈需要所有的轮胎。danger危险，place地方，need需要，face面对。26.D考查固定短语。由Heoverheardtheliresalesman___4___ayoungmomwith3childrenthatshewasinserious___5___ofallnewtires,可知每个轮胎都完全磨损了。weardown磨损，是固定短语。27.D考查副词。由theyoungmomsaidshedidn’thavethemoneytoreplacemorethanonetireonhercar.可知非常悲哀，这位年轻的母亲说她没有钱为她的车替换更多的轮胎。Angrily

愤怒地，Disappointedly失望地，Unexpectedly出乎意料地，Sadly悲哀地。28.C考查动词。Brian提议为一个轮胎付款。hurried催促，tried尝试，offered提议，used用。29.B考查语义理解。这个轮胎对面的那个轮胎，这位女士能够购买。front前面，opposite对面，sure确信的，instead代替。30.A考查形容词比较级。Brian知道即使只是一个开始，这位年轻的母亲在结冰的道路上行驶也会更安全。safer更安全，faster更快，happier更快乐，luckier更幸运。31.A考查形容词。由上文onasnowynight可知这位年轻的母亲在结冰的道路上行驶也会更安全。icy结满冰的，hard努力的，dark黑暗的，long长的。32.C考查副词。这位年轻的妈妈太吃惊了，以至于立即哽咽了。greatly大大地，finally

最后，instantly立即，excitedly兴奋。33.D考查形容词。由whofeelsrewardedinthegiving,可知作者的丈夫是一个天生谦虚和慷慨的人。intelligent智能的，meaningful有意义的，humorous幽默的，generous慷慨的。34.B考查动词。作者的丈夫感觉在生活中，付出是一种奖励，而不是接受。helping帮助，receiving接受，using使用，thanking感谢。35.A考查名词。由whenhelaterdiscoveredthesalesmanhad___16___theentireamountspentonthe___17___tiretohisbill!可知所以可以想象他意料之外的吃惊。surprise吃惊，satisfaction满意，chance机会，discovery发现。36.D考查动词。后来他发现售货员退还了他账单中额外的轮胎钱。added增加，paid支付，discounted打折扣，returned退还。37.B考查形容词。后来他发现售货员退还了他账单中额外的轮胎钱。spare多余的，extra

额外的，new新的，whole完整的。38.C考查固定短语。而不是我丈夫买的七个轮胎，这名售货员只收了六个轮胎的钱。Regardlessof不管，Morethan超出，Ratherthan而不是，Inspiteof尽管。39.B考查动词。而不是我丈夫买的七个轮胎，这名售货员只收了六个轮胎的钱。sold销售，charged收费，asked问，appreciated欣赏。40.C考查固定短语。一个人纯朴的行为做出了这样的决定，分享他拥有的，而不是担心他没有的。comeacross偶然遇见，comeover顺便来访，gowithout没有，gofor去找。【名师点睛】完形填空题的命题特点及答题方法：1.侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力完形填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句子结构、掌握语法规则的能力，其中考查实词居多。2.上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力解完形填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。小题7考查副词。由theyoungmomsaidshedidn’thavethemoneytoreplacemorethanonetireonhercar.可知非常悲哀，这位年轻的母亲说她没有钱为她的车替换更多的轮胎。Angrily

愤怒地，Disappointedly失望地，Unexpectedly出乎意料地，Sadly悲哀地。3.设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力旨在考查学生在选项都符合语法及句子结构的情况下能否利用前后语境去推断出正确答案。4.结合生活，考查学生利用常识题的能力目的考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。小题15考查名词。由whenhelaterdiscoveredthesalesmanhad___16___theentireamountspentonthe___17___tiretohisbill!可知所以可以想象他意料之外的吃惊。surprise吃惊，satisfaction满意，chance机会，discovery发现。5.关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况想，通过阅读能否理解句子的与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。21.At15,IhadstartedabandwiththreematesI'dmetatthelocalrehearsal(排练)rooms.WeplayedourfirstperformanceatapubinBolton.Wewere___16___,butthecrowddidn'tseemtomind,andafterafewmorelocalconcerts,werecordedsomesongsandwestartedto___17___.Wesentouthundredsofdemo(样本)tapesin___18___ofourfavouriteband,theManics.Afterfinishingmyhighschool,wedrovetoLondontoplayattheDublinCastle.Onlyfivepeople___19___.Butwepersevered(坚持)andslowlythingsbeganto___20___.Twoyearsafterourfirstperformance,we___21___arecorddeal.We___22___endlesslyforthenexttwoyearsandbuiltupasmallbut___23___following.Attheendof2002,theManics___24___ustoplaywiththem.Myteenagedreamshadcometrue,thebandIlookeduptoseemedto___25___ofus.We___26___performinginNewYork,andto5,000peopleattheFujiRockfestivalinJapan.There'snogreater___27___thanthemomentyousteponstage.Thelightsdarken,thecrowdswells(波浪起伏)andthey___28___inapplauseasyoufinish.Ouralbumwas___29___in2003.Unfortunately,nooneboughtthething.___30___,Ithinkthatwasaboutright.___31___I'mextremelyproudofthemusicweproduced,wewereridingawaveofhype(天花乱坠的宣传)wecould___32___liveupto.Ourrecordcompanyquietly___33___usand,asquicklyasithadstarted,mytimeinabandwasover.We___34___peacefullyonthedayitwasreleased.Weevenhada"lastsupper"tomarkourdemise(停业).Thebandhad___35___everything.MyoldschoolwelcomedmebackandIworkedharderandwasfinallyadmittedtoOxfordUniversityatthegrandoldageof21.16.A.troublesome B.thrilled C.hopeful D.terrible17.A.hesitate B.succeed C.dream D.qualify18.A.imitation B.favour C.charge D.celebration19.A.droppedout B.turnedup C.divedin D.passedby20.A.catchon B.takeoff C.pickup D.getround21.A.declined B.lost C.expected D.signed22.A.practiced B.studied C.toured D.waited23.A.separated B.devoted C.concerned D.relieved24.A.persuaded B.required C.reminded D.invited25.A.approve B.tire C.hear D.think26.A.gaveup B.endedup C.putoff D.insistedon27.A.risk B.pain C.loss D.rush28.A.erupt B.gather C.squeeze D.withdraw29.A.preserved B.released C.displayed D.evaluated30.A.Lookingforward B.Lookingdown C.Lookingback D.Lookingup31.A.Though B.Since C.Unless D.Before32.A.actually B.somehow C.always D.never33.A.betrayed B.dropped C.impressed D.sponsored34.A.splitup B.hungaround C.movedaway D.brokedown35.A.experienced B.disturbed C.changed D.replaced参考答案：16.D

17.C

18.A

19.B

20.C

21.D

22.C

23.B

24.D

25.A

26.B

27.D

28.A

29.B

30.C

31.A

32.D

33.B

34.A

35.C【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了从小就有音乐梦想的作者的追梦之路以及这个经历对他的影响。【16题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.troublesome惹麻烦的；B.thrilled激动的；C.hopeful有希望的；D.terrible糟糕的。根据本空后的“butthecrowddidn'tseemtomind”可知，我们的演出很糟糕，但是观众似乎并不在意，故D项正确。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.hesitate犹豫；B.succeed成功；C.dream

梦想；D.qualify使有资格。根据本空前的“afterafewmorelocalconcerts,werecordedsomesongsandwestartedto”可知，在几场当地音乐会之后，我们录制了一些歌曲并开始梦想音乐之路，下文中的“Myteenagedreamshadcometrue”也是提示，故C项正确。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.imitation

模仿、仿照；B.favour赞同；C.charge掌管；

D.celebration庆祝。根据本空后的“ofourfavouriteband,theManics.”可知，我们仿照我们最喜欢的乐队发送了数百张试唱磁带，故A项正确。【19题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A.droppedout退出；B.turnedup出现；C.divedin开始大吃；D.passedby经过。根据本空后的“Butwepersevered(坚持)andslowlythingsbeganto”可知，只有五个人出现都柏林城堡的演出现场，但是我们坚持下来，慢慢地情况有了改善，故B项正确。【20题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A.catchon变得流行；B.takeoff脱下；C.pickup获得、改善；D.getround走动。上文说只有五个人出现都柏林城堡的演出现场，但是我们坚持下来，慢慢地情况有了改善，故C项正确。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.declined拒绝；B.lost失去；C.expected期望；D.signed签署。根据本空后的“arecorddeal”可知，在我们首场演出的两年后，我们签了一份唱片合约，故D项正确。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.practiced

实践；B.studied研究；C.toured巡演；D.waited等待。根据本空后的“Weendlesslyforthenexttwoyearsandbuiltupasmallbut___8___following.”可知，在接下来的两年里我们进行了无数次巡演，并拥有了一小群忠实的粉丝，故C项正确。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.separated分开的；B.devoted忠实的；C.concerned有关的；D.relieved放心的。根据上文可知，我们拥有了一小群忠实的粉丝，故B项正确。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.persuaded说服；B.required

要求；C.reminded提醒；D.invited邀请。根据本空后的“ustoplaywiththem”可知，我们最喜欢的乐队邀请我们和他们一起演出，故D项正确。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.approve赞成；B.tire使厌烦；C.hear听见；D.think思考。根据本空前的“Myteenagedreamshadcometrue,thebandIlookeduptoseemedto”可知，我少年的梦想实现了，他们似乎赞同我们，故A项正确。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A.gaveup放弃；B.endedup以……而告终；C.putoff推迟；D.insistedon坚持。上文说他们似乎赞同我们，我们最终在纽约演出并在日本富士摇滚音乐节上演出，故B项正确。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A.risk风险；B.pain痛苦；C.loss损失；D.rush匆促（指登上舞台的紧张感）。根据本空后的“Thelightsdarken,thecrowdswells(波浪起伏)andthey___13___inapplauseasyoufinish.”可知，灯光变暗，人群沸腾，当你结束时，人们会爆发出热烈的掌声，没有什么比踏上舞台更令人紧张的了，故D项正确。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.erupt爆发；B.gather聚集；C.squeeze紧握；

D.withdraw收回。根据上文可知，在舞台上演出时，灯光变暗，人群沸腾，结束时，人们会爆发出热烈的掌声，故A项正确。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.preserved保存；B.released

发行；C.displayed显示、陈列；D.evaluated评估。根据本空前的“Ouralbumwas”可知，2003年，我们发行了专辑，故B项正确。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A.Lookingforward向前看、展望；B.Lookingdown向下看；C.Lookingback

回顾、回想；D.Lookingup仰望。根据本空后的“Ithinkthatwasaboutright.”可知，现在回想起来，我想那是对的，故C项正确。【31题详解】考查连词词义辨析。A.Though尽管；B.Since既然；C.Unless除非；D.Before在……之前。根据本空后的“I'mextremelyproudofthemusicweproduced,wewereridingawaveofhype(天花乱坠的宣传)wecould___17___liveupto.”可知，尽管我对我们的音乐感到非常自豪，但我们却在利用一种我们永远无法兑现的宣传浪潮，故A项正确。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A.actually实际上；B.somehow不知怎地；C.always一直；D.never从未。根据上文可知，我们却在利用一种我们从来没有兑现的宣传浪潮，故D项正确。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.betrayed背叛；B.dropped使终止；C.impressed使印象深刻；D.sponsored赞助。根据本空后的“usand,asquicklyasithadstarted,mytimeinabandwasover.”可知，唱片公司终止了我们的合约，我在乐队的日子也结束了，故B项正确。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A.splitup分手、分离；B.hungaround徘徊；C.movedaway搬走；D.brokedown发生故障。根据本空后的“peacefullyonthedayitwasreleased.”可知，合约终止后，我们和平分手了，故A项正确。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A.experienced经历；B.disturbed打扰；C.changed改变；D.replaced代替。根据本空后的“MyoldschoolwelcomedmebackandIworkedharderandwasfinallyadmittedtoOxfordUniversityatthegrandoldageof21.”可知，乐队改变了我的一切，我的母校欢迎我回来，我更加努力学习并最终被牛津大学录取，故C项正确。【点睛】本篇第5题难度较大，难度在于很多同学只知道pickup表示“捡起、获得、不费力地学会”，而不知道pickup作不及物动词短语时，有“（情况）改善”之意，根据“Butwepersevered(坚持)andslowlythingsbeganto”可知，开始时，只有五个人出现都柏林城堡的演出现场，但是我们坚持下来，慢慢地情况有了改善，故C项正确。三、阅读理解22.AmazingStoriesofAnimalsActingJustLikeHumans◆HorsesarepickyeatersHorseshaveanevenbettersenseofsmellthanhumansdo.Whenhorsesraisetheirnosesandopentheirnostrils(鼻孔),theirnervoussystemallowsthemtosensesmellswecan’tsense.Thismightexplainwhytheyrefusedirtywaterandcarefullymovearoundmeadows,eatingonlythetastiestgrasses,expertssay.◆WhalesaysthanksIn2011,awhaleexpertspottedahumpbackwhaletrappedinafishingnetandspentanhourfreeingit.Afterward,inanhour-longdisplayofthanks,thewhaleswamneartheirboatandleapedintotheairabout40times.◆PandasliketobenaughtyIsthereanythingmorelovelythanababypanda,exceptmaybeahumanbaby?Infact,babypandassometimesbehavelikehumanbabies.Theysleepinthesamepositionsandvaluetheirthumbs.Pandasareshybynatureforitsshybehaviorssuchascoveringitsfacewithapawofduckingitsheadwhenconfrontedbyastranger.◆AcathonorsitsownerPapertowels,andaplasticcuparejustafewofthegiftsthatToldo,adevotedthree-year-oldgray-and-whitecat,hasplacedonhisformerownerIozzelliRenzo’sgraveeverydaysincethemandiedinSeptember2011.RenzoadoptedToldofromashelterwhenthecatwasthreemonthsold,andthetwoformedaninseparablebond.AfterRenzopassedaway,Toldofollowedthecoffintothecemetery,andnow“standsguard”atthegraveforhoursatatime.1.Whatcanhorsesdotopickthemostdeliciousgrasses?A.Feelthem. B.Smellthem.C.Observethem. D.Tastethem.2.Whichanimalfeelsshywhenfacingstrangers?A.Thewhale. B.Thehorse.C.Thepanda. D.Thecat.3.Whatdothewhaleandthecathaveincommonaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyhaveagratefulheart. B.Theyarequiteclever.C.Theyareactiveandlovely. D.Theyhaveagoodsenseofsmell.参考答案：1.B

2.C

3.A这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了与人类行为相似的一些动物。【1题详解】细节理解题。由Horsesarepickyeaters中的“theirnervoussystemallowsthemtosensesmellswecan’tsense.Thismightexplainwhytheyrefusedirtywaterandcarefullymovearoundmeadows,eatingonlythetastiestgrasses”可知，它们的神经系统会让它们感觉到我们人类感觉不到的气味。这或许可以解释为什么它们拒绝饮用脏水，在草地上小心翼翼地走动，只吃最美味的草。所以马是靠嗅觉来挑选最美味的草。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由Pandasliketobenaughty中的“Pandasareshybynatureforitsshybehaviorssuchascoveringitsfacewithapawofduckingitsheadwhenconfrontedbyastranger”可知，熊猫天生害羞，它们有害羞的行为，比如在遇到陌生人时，用爪子遮住脸，低着头。所以熊猫遇到陌生人时会害羞。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。由Whalesaysthanks中的“Afterward,inanhour-longdisplayofthanks,thewhaleswamneartheirboatandleapedintotheairabout40times.”Acathonorsitsowner中的“adevotedthree-year-oldgray-and-whitecat,hasplacedonhisformerownerIozzelliRenzo’sgraveeverydaysincethemandiedinSeptember2011”可知，随后，在长达一个小时的感谢中，这头鲸鱼游到他们的船附近，跃升到空中约40次。一只忠诚的三岁灰白色猫咪，自从2011年9月主人去世后，他每天都把这些礼物放在前主人IozzelliRenzo的坟墓前。所以通过对两种动物行为的描述可以判断出，鲸鱼和猫的共同特点是他们有一颗感恩的心。故选A项。

23.Babiesteachtheirolderbrothersandsistersempathy（移情）,accordingtoanewresearch.Empathymeansunderstandingandenteringothers’feelings.Untilnow,youngerkidshavegenerallybeenregardedtolearnplentyfromtheirolderbrothersorsistersbutdon’tgivebackmuch.Butthisstudy,publishedinChildDevelopmentconfirmsthatyoungersiblings（兄弟姐妹）ensuretheirbigbrothersandsistersdon’tgrowintodisgustingpeople—noeasytask.“Althoughit’sassumedthatoldersiblingsandparentsaretheprimarysocializinginfluencesonyoungersiblings’developmentbutnotviceversa,wefoundthatbothyoungerandoldersiblingspositivelycontributedtoeachother’sempathyovertime,”studyco-authorMarcJambonsaidinastatement.Priorsiblingstudieshavefocusedontheinfluenceofolderbrothersandsisters,probablybecausetheirimpactismostobvious.Asonereviewofliteraturenotes,studieshaveshownthatoldersiblingsinfluenceeverythingfromtheiryoungersiblings’motordevelopmenttotheirriskofsmokinglaterinlife.Andalthoughseparatedstudieshavetriedtopindowneffectsthatyoungersiblingshaveontheiroldersiblings,theinfluenceofbabybrothersandsistersremainsunclear.Forthisnewstudy,Jambonandhiscolleaguesrecruited（招募）adiversegroupof452Canadiansiblingpairsbetweentheagesof18monthsandfouryears.Atthestartofthestudy,individualresearchersassessedchildren’sbaselineempathylevelsbyvisitingthekidsat