高二(下)选修八-Unit-2-语法同位语从句课件

Unit2CloningLearningaboutLanguage选修八Unit2CloningLearningabout1语法讲解1.同位语theAppositive

同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。语法讲解1.同位语theAppositive2同位语的表现形式有以下几种：1)名词

Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.2)代词

Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.3)数词

Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.4)从句

Hetoldmethenewsthat

the

plane

had

exploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。同位语的表现形式有以下几种：35)由suchas,thatis引导

Somesubjects,such

as

maths

and

physics,areverydifficulttolearn.

某些学科，例如数学和物理，是很难学的。6)由of引导

The

city

of

Beijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.

自从2000年以来，北京市发生了很大的变化。5)由suchas,thatis引导47)由or引导

Thefreezingtemperature,or

freezing

point,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.

结冰温度即冰点，是水在常压下结冰时的温度。7)由or引导5一.指出下例句子划线部分是什么句子成份。ThereisgoingtobeaChinesefilm

tonight.()2.SheistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.()3.Herwishistobecomeateacher.()练习(一)表语谓语表语一.指出下例句子划线部分是什么句子成份。练习(一)表语谓语64.He,mybrother,managedtofinishtheworkintime.()5.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.()6.WefounditimportanttolearnEnglish.()7.Doyouhaveanythingelsetowash?()同位语状语形式宾语定语4.He,mybrother,managedto78.Tobehonest,yourwritingisn’tsogood.()9.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourname?()10.Theynoticedamanentertheroom.()间接宾语、直接宾语宾语补足语插入语8.Tobehonest,yourwriting8Myperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard,_____,Ifailed.A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime2.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,____Iwillalwaystreasure.(NMET2002)A.thatB.oneC.itD.what二.单项填空CBMyperformanceinthedriving9OnmywayhomeImetanoldfriendofmy.2.Theypaidnoattentiontothedoctor’sadvicetheyshouldstopsmoking.三.单句改错第二个my改为mine在they前加that

OnmywayhomeImetanoldfr102.同位语从句theAppositiveclause(1)同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。2.同位语从句theAppositiveclause11它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词how,when,

where,whether,what等。它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth12e.g.Thehope

thathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Theproblem

whetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoidea

whenhewillcomeback.e.g.Thehopethathemayreco13同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意:Thestor14⑵同位语从句的表现形式:①由that引导Thefactthatyouhaven’tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet.⑵同位语从句的表现形式:15ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.Theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.Thenewsthathehasbeenelec16②由whether引导Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.③由when引导Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.②由whether引导17⑶有时可用

namely

(即),that

is

to

say(也就是说),

in

other

words

(换句话说),that

is(那就是),

for

example

等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或

代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。

Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseum

isopentoall.

ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,

thatis,topracticemore.

AltogetherDollyhadlivedforsixyears,halfthe

lengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.⑶有时可用namely(即),thatisto18⑷同位语从句与定语从句的区别:

同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,

我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:①同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;

定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。

Weexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisit

Chinaagain.(同位语从句)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.

(定语从句)⑷同位语从句与定语从句的区别:19②

同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位语从句,news和从句没有逻辑关系)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定语从句,news是told的逻辑宾语)②同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有20Theorderwhenweshouldgoback

hasn’treachedus.(同位语从句,order和从句没有逻辑关系)ThedaywhenNewChinawasfounded

willneverbeforgotten.(定语从句,day是founded

的逻辑状语)Theorderwhenweshouldgoba21③同位语从句主要由连接词that引导，有时也可用when,where,who,whether等引导;定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.(同)Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?(定)③同位语从句主要由连接词that引导，有时22

同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个

完整句子,谓语动词用be的不同形式。

Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.

此句可以变为一个表语从句:

Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个23从引导词来看:引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that

不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分—主语或宾语，有具体词义,作宾语时还可以省略。例如：

a)Thefactory______wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.b)Thenews______hewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.(that)that定语从句同位语从句从引导词来看:引导词that在同位语从句中(that)th241.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./

Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.Thefact

thattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot.I.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。1.Twofifthsofallgirlsin252.TheQueenofEnglandwasona

four-dayvisitinChina./

Weheard

thenewslastnight.Weheardthenewslastnight

thattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina.2.TheQueenofEnglandwason263.Teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuch

timeonline.

/

ManyChineseparents

holdtheview.ManyChineseparentsholdtheview

thatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Teenagersshouldn’tspendt274.Timetravelispossible.

/

Wehave

noscientificprooffortheidea.Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea

thattimetravelispossible.4.Timetravelispossible./285.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefree

time./Thesuggestioniswelcomedby

manypeople.Thesuggestion

thatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime

iswelcomedbymanypeople.5.Studentsshouldbegivenmo291.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.

我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。

(宾语从句)2.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowell

inhis

exam.

约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句)II.翻译句子，并说明这个名词性从句的作用。1.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohave303.Whethertheyarecomingornotdon’t

mattertoomuch.

他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句)4.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.

现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句)5.Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.

我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。

(同位语从句)6.Thefactthattheywontheprizemadeushappy.

他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句)3.Whethertheyarecomingor311.Ican’tdecide_____bookIshouldbuy.2.Chinaisnolonger_____

itusedtobe.3.Iamveryinterestedin_____

heimproved

hisEnglishinsuchashorttime.4.______weneedismoremoney.5.Thetruth_____theearthturnsaroundthe

sunisknowntous.6._____and______

wewillmeethasnotbeen

decidedyet.which

what

how

WhatⅢ.

用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。thatWhenwhere1.Ican’tdecide_____bookI321.Thenews________________________________________________________(她通过了高考)isexciting.2.Mikemadeapromise___________________________________(他将帮助我学习英语)collegeentranceexamination

mewithmyEnglish.Ⅳ.

用名词性从句完成下列句子。thatshehaspassedthenationalthathewouldhelp1.Thenews__________________33ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupof

threecountriesisknowntous.2.Thecontinentthatconsistsoftwocountries

isdevelopingveryfast.(同位语从句)(定语从句)Ⅴ指出划线部分是什么从句。ThefactthatGreatBritainis343.Thenewsthattheplanewilltakeoffontime

makeseverybodyhappy.4.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundthecountry

isthataheavystormiscoming.5.Thesuggestionthatweshouldlearnsomething

practicalisworthconsidering.(同位语从句)(定语从句,表语从句)(同位语从句)3.Thenewsthattheplanewil35Oneofthemheldtheview____thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatD.whether2.Thereason____hehastogois____hismotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;becauseⅥ.

单项选择B

COneofthemheldtheview____363.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedonerightaway.A.whichB.thatC./D.when4.Ihavenoidea_______.A.howtodoB.whenshallwestartoutforthetripC.whathashappenedtomywifeD.howmuchhavetheyearnedB

C

3.Theyreceivedorders_____375.Ithink____certainthatshewilldowellinherexam.A.thatB.thisisC.itD.what’s6.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.whereC

C5.Ithink____certainthats387.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.why8.That’stheonlything____hecandonow.A.whichB.allC.thatD.whatA

C

7.He’sgothimselfintoadan399.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as10.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whetherB

B

9.Informationhasbeenputfo4011.Hiscentralideais____thelosersdonotwritehistory.A.XB.becauseC.thatD.whether12.TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyidea_____thepartyistobeheld?A.what

B.which

C.that

D.whereC

D

11.Hiscentralideais____t4113.Thereisaruleinourschool_____nooneispermittedtosmoke.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what14.Hedidn’tknowwhichroom_____.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheyliveinC

B

13.Thereisaruleinoursch4215.Weshouldstickto____istrue.A.whichB.thatC.anythingwhichD.whatever16.Youwillfindnomistake____I’vewritten.A.whatB.inwhatC.withwhatD.thatB

D

15.Weshouldstickto____is431)Thefact______heusedtobeathiefisknowntoall.2)Weweresurprisedbythefact__________shetoldus.3)Thenextthing______mustbedoneistomakeaplan.that同that/which定that定Ⅶ.

填入适当的连接词,并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句。1)Thefact______heusedto444)Wordcame____ourarmyhadwonthebattle.5)Thepresidenthasgivenanorder____everyoneinthecountryshouldprepareforawar____mightlastforseveralyears.6)We’vejustheardawarningontheradio_____ahurricaneislikelytocome.that同that同that同that定4)Wordcame____ourarmyhad457)