浙江省高一下学期期中考试英语试卷带答案解析

第第页浙江省高一下学期期中考试英语试卷(带答案解析）（满分：150分；考试时间：120分钟）学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Withsummerbehindusandthefallandwinterholidaysjustaroundthecorner,nowitseemsasgoodatimeasanytostartplanningthenextfamilyvacation.Insteadofabeachbreakorskigetaway,afamilycruiseoffersaconvenientandcost-effectivealternativewintervacation.ExploreAsianMetropoliseswithRegentSevenSeasRegentSevenSeas,all-inclusiveshipstakevisitorstoworld-classdestinations.Thiswinter,visitorswilldiscovertopdestinationsacrossAsia,fromHongKongtoBeijing,aboardtheRegentSevenSeasVoyager.DepartingonDec.17,this12-daycruiseoffersplentyofoutdooractivities.KidswillenjoythewaterfallsofMiyazaki,Japan,andthelegendarystreetfoodsceneinHongKong.TourAustraliawithPrincessCruisesForafar-flungfamilyvacationthiswinter,considerexploringAustraliaaboardtheSeaPrincessthiswinter.LeavingBrisbaneonDec.17,theSeaPrincesswilltakepassengerstoAirlieBeach.Andontheship,littleonescanenjoyavarietyofonboardactivitiesandentertainment,fromdanceclassestovolleyballtoenrichmentclasses.CruisetotheCaribbeanwithDisneyAboardeachDisneyship,you’llfindnumerouskid-friendlyactivitiesandservicesthatarewell-suitedfortheyoung-andtheyoungatheart.Disneycharacterspopupfrequentlythroughoutthekidsclubandinpublicspaces.Bestofall,thereareplentyoffamily-friendlystateroomcategoryoptionsthatcatertobudget-consciousfamilies.NorwegianCruiseLineNorwegianCruiseLineoffersauniquestyleofcruising-FreestyleCruising.Itoffersadeliciouslineupofexcellentrestaurantsrangingfromcasualtofinedining,thrillingentertainment,excitingfitnessactivitiesandclasses.1．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook. B．Anadvertisement.C．Anacademicarticle. D．Atraveljournal.2．Whichfamilycruisecanyouchoosetohavekidsperformballet?A．RegentSevenSeas. B．NorwegianCruiseLine.C．DisneyCruiseLine. D．PrincessCruises.3．WhowillbemoreinterestedinDisneyships?A．Elegantfamilies. B．Cautiousfamilies.C．Economicalfamilies. D．Generousfamilies.Seagrassmeadows(海草床)arewonderplantsgrowingbeneaththesea.Theyfeedandsheltersealifeandaremasterfulatstoringcarbon.Thankstotheassistanceoftigersharks,ahugeseagrassmeadowintheBahamasBankshasbeendiscovered,offeringtheworldatooltofightclimatechange.SeagrasshasusuallybeendetectedbyEarth-orbitingsatellitesthatidentifydarkerspotsinthebluewater.Inarecentstudy,tigersharkswereselectedasresearchtoolsduetotheirhighlyconsistentassociationswithseagrassecosystems.Theyspent70%oftheirtimeinseagrassmeadows.Theteamequippedeighttigersharkswithsatellitelabels,sevensharkswithcameralabels,anduseda360-degreecameraonasharkforthefirsttimeever.Thedataresearcherscollectedwasastonishing.Theworld’slargestseagrassecosystem,measuringatleast66,900squarekilometers,hasbeendiscovered.Thisreflectsa41%increasefrompreviousestimatesofglobalseagrass.Seagrasscancapture(捕获)hugequantitiesofcarbonbyphotosynthesis(光合作用)andstoresitontheseafloor.Intermsofclimatechange,thisisexcellentnews;seagrassis35timesfasteratremovingcarbonthantropicalrainforests.Whenreferringtoglobalseagrasscarbonstockestimates,thestudyindicatesthatseagrassintheBahamasmaycontain19.2%to26.3%ofallthecarbonstoredinseagrassmeadowsonEarth.Yetseagrassmeadowsarerapidlydisappearing,withover92%ofmeadowsintheUKgone,accordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund.Scientistsarecollectingseedsandtryingtogrownewseagrassmeadowsthroughrestorationprojects.Thisnewdiscoveryoffersoptimismandprovestheimportanceoftheoceanforhealing.ThesharksledustotheseagrassecosystemintheBahamas,whichwenowknowislikelythemostsignificantbluecarbonsinkontheplanet.Whatthisdiscoveryshowsusisthatoceanexplorationandresearchareessentialforahealthyfuture.Theundevelopedpotentialoftheoceanislimitless.Thesemeadowscanbeprotectedandcanbecopied,offeringhopeforclimatechangearoundtheglobe.4．HowwastheseagrassmeadowintheBahamasBanksdiscovered?A．Byanalyzingsatellitesimages.B．Bykeepingtrackoftigersharks.C．Byusinga360-degreecamera.D．Bycarryingoutrestorationprojects.5．Whatisthebenefitofseagrassintermsofclimatechange?A．Seagrassprovidesfoodfortigersharks.B．Seagrassstoreslargeamountsofcarbon.C．Seagrassabsorbswastesfromtheocean.D．Seagrasssuppliesahabitattoseaanimals.6．Whatisthemainmessageconveyedinthepassage?A．Tigersharksareatooltodetectseagrassmeadows.B．Seagrassmeadowsaredisappearingatanalarmingrate.C．Scientistsaremakingprogressinrestoringseagrassmeadows.D．Seagrassmeadowshaveagreatpotentialtofightclimatechange.7．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthediscoveryofseagrassmeadows?A．Concerned. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.RecentlyIboughtabookaboutsignposts.Signpostsaren’tveryinteresting,you’rethinking.Well,that,ofcourse,dependsonwhetheryouhappentobelost!Ancienttravelerswouldhavebeengratefulforthesewhensettlementsweresmallerandfurtherapart.Inwinter,theabilitytoreachshelterforthenightcouldbethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.OneoftheveryearliestwaymarksdiscoveredisinCumbria.DatingfromRomantimes,ithadlainfallenuntil1836,whenafarmerploughinghisfieldscameacrossasandstoneshaft(碑文).Thereareotherstonepoststhathavestoodbyroadsidesforcenturies.Itwasn’tuntil1697thatanactwaspasseddeclaringthatguide-stonesmustbebuilt.Thisappliedtoremotepartsofthecountrywheretheremightbeconfusionastowhichpathledtothenearestmarkettown.Later,withtheappearanceoftheRoyalMail,thenumberrosestillfurther.Nowadaysmanyoftheseearlyroadsignsaredesignated(指定)asListedMonuments.“Howtimeschange!”Lucy,anenthusiasticwalker,towhomIloanedthebook,exclaimed.“Isupposenowweallrelyfarmoreuponmobilephonestoguideus.”“Yettheyaren’tperfect.WheneverIgoout,Ipreferamap.Ineverhavetoworryaboutrunningoutofbattery.”“I’malwaysgratefultowhoeverisplacingway-markersalongtheroute,”sheadded,“Isupposethathoweversureweare,alittleoutsideconfirmationisalwayswelcome.”Lucyisquiterightthere.Lifeitselfcanofferusagreatmanychoicesofpath,andsometimesitisn’teasytoknowifwe’vechosenthebestone.Perhapswhenitcomestogratitude,weshouldalsoincludethanksforthosepeoplewhoappearinourliveswhenwemostneedthem—eithergivingusgentlewarningthatwemightbeheadinginthewrongdirection,orreassurancethatweareontherighttrack.Afterall,we’dbelostwithoutthem!8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A．Signposts. B．Abilities. C．Settlements. D．Shelters.9．Whatcontributedtotheinitialspreadofsignposts?A．Themarkettrade. B．Theactpassedin1697.C．Thediscoveryofthesandstone. D．TheappearanceoftheLoyalMail.10．WhatdoesLucythinkofsignposts?A．Popular. B．Outdated. C．Imperfect. D．Helpful.11．Whatdoestheauthorlearnfromsignposts?A．Tochooserighttracks. B．Toliveacolorfullife.C．Tohaveagratefulmind. D．Toofferpracticalchoices.Astudyoffersevenmoreevidenceoftheharmfulhealtheffectsofsugar.Theresearch,publishedinthejournalBMCMedicine,foundthatdietshigherinfreesugars–acategorythatincludessugaraddedtoprocessedfoodsandsodas,aswellasthatfoundinfruitjuiceandsyrups—raiseone’sriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.Thestudyreliedondataabouttheeatinghabitsofmorethan110,000peopleaged37to73intheUnitedKingdom,whosehealthoutcomeswerethentrackedoveraboutnineyears.Anauthorofthestudy,CodyWatlingsaidsugarsthatoccurnaturallyinwholefruitsandvegetablesarenotconsidered“freesugars”andwereexcludedfromtheanalysis.Theresearchersestimatedparticipants’carbohydrate(碳水化合物)intakesandthenfurtherbrokethatdownbytypeofcarbohydratetofocusonfreesugars.Thentheauthorscomparedthattotheparticipants’possibilityofcardiovascular(心血管的)disease.Thepeoplewhowerefoundtohavethehighestriskofheartdiseaseorstrokeconsumedabout95gramsoffreesugarperday,whichaccountsfor18%oftheirdailyenergyintake,Watlingsaid.“Avoidingsugar-sweetenedbeveragesisprobablythesinglemostimportantthingwecando,”saidWalterWillett.Headdedthatalthoughtherearesomehealthbenefitstodrinkingasmallglassoforangejuiceoccasionally,itssugarcontentmeans“aglassoffruitjuiceisthesamethingasCoke.”CodyWatlingsaidthestudydemonstratesthatthetypesofcarbohydratespeoplechoosetoeatmaymattermorethanthetotalamount.“What’sreallyimportantforoverallgeneralhealthandwell-beingisthatwe’reconsumingcarbohydratesthatarerichinwholegrains,”hesaid,while“minimizingtheconsumptionofsugar-sweetenedbeverages.”12．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Freesugarreferstothesugaraddedtoprocessedfoods.B．Waltingdidn’tresearchsugarsthatoccurnaturallyinwholefruitsandvegetables.C．Thefreesugaraccountsfor18%ofpeople’sdailysugarintake.D．Waltingsuggestedusavoidingsugar-sweetenedbeverages.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“breakdown”meaninparagraph2?A．Classify. B．Destroy. C．Analyze. D．Confirm.14．Whichsectionofamagazineisthistexttakenfrom?A．Healthandlife. B．FoodandCulture.C．ScienceandTechnology. D．MedicineScience.15．What’sthepurposeofthetext?A．Toencouragepeopletorefusefruitjuice.B．Toaskpeopletosaynotofreesugar.C．Toadvisepeopletoconsumemoretypesofcarbohydrates.D．Towarnpeopleagainstdietswithhigherfreesugars.二、七选五Isyourglassofmilkhalf-fullorhalf-empty?Thissayingisoftenusedtotestpeople’soutlookinasituation;dotheyfocusonthepositives(ahalf-fullglass)orthenegatives(ahalf-emptyone)?16—andit’sknowntoboostyourwell-being.Whyisthinkingpositivelygoodforyou?Researchshowsthatpeoplewhoareoptimisticandthinkpositivelytendtoexperiencelessstressandcopewellwhenfacedwithlife’schallenges.Peoplewhoaremorepessimisticmayfindithardtobelievethatthesechallengeswillpass.Scientistshaveevenfoundthatthinkingpositivelycanmakeyoulivelonger.AccordingtoProfessorTaliSharot,beingoptimisticaboutthefuturecanmakeyouhappierandmoresuccessful.17Worryingislikeafirealarm.Everybodycanworryfromtimetotime.Worryingcanhelptokeepyousafe—ifyouwereneverworriedandwereoverlypositiveabouthowthingswouldturnout,youwouldn’trecognizerisks.“18It’slikeafirealarm,”sayschildpsychotherapistRachelMelville-Thomas.“Thetroubleisthatsometimesitgoesoffwhenthereisn’tahugedangertoface.”Whenthishappens,youcanfeelanxiousandhopelessaboutwhatliesahead.19Optimismisshapedbyyourgenes,whichcarrycharacteristicsinheritedfromyourparents,andbywhathappenstoyou.20Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat’spositive—forexample,animageofyouplayingguitar,havingpassedyournextgrade.Imaginingthiscanmotivateyoutoworktoachieveit,suchaspracticingeverydayafterschool.A．Learntothinkpositively.B．Sometimesworryingcandoharmtoourhealth.C．Thewayyouthinkpositivelyornegativelylargelydependsonyourgenes.D．Worryingisourbrainwarningusthattheremightbesomethingthreatening.E．However,nomatteryourstartingpoint,everyonecanlearntobecomemoreoptimistic.F．Thinkingpositively,withabeliefthatmostthingswillturnoutwell,iscalledoptimism.G．This’sbecauseyoubelieveyourgoalsareachievable,whichencouragesyoutoworktowardsthem.三、完形填空Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.Therearespeciesthatare21everyday.Thewhite-napedcrane(鹤)isatypicalexample.Soscientistsaretryingtheirbestto22thespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence.ChrisandTimworkatazoo,helpingendangeredcraneswiththeirreproduction.Emma,afemalecrane,hasbeenintheir23sinceshearrivedin2004.Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawas24byhumancaretakers.Thisledtoanunexpectedoutcome,thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.Emmahad25takenherselfasacraneandbecomedeeplyattachedtohumans.She26tolivewithmalecranes,andevenhadareputationforkillingsomeofthem,whichmadeit27forhertobecomeamother.28,thetwozookeepersdidn’twanttoseetheextinctionofthispreciousspecies.Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopeda29ofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.This30Emmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.Thetwokeepersareproudoftheirproductivework.Butbeforetheycanbeassured,moreeffortsmustbemade,becausethepopulationofthecraneinthewildisonthe31andmanyotherspeciesareonthevergeofextinction.32,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.Howcanwe33theever-wideninggapthatseparatesusfromotheranimals?ChrisandTimofferedusthe34:humanbeingstookitforgrantedthattheirbrainsheldallthesolutions,butmaybetheirheartscanbeabetter35.21．A．growing B．appearing C．competing D．disappearing22．A．ban B．save C．help D．remove23．A．care B．eye C．mind D．story24．A．found B．chosen C．raised D．seized25．A．never B．always C．unluckily D．cheerfully26．A．liked B．refused C．decided D．hesitated27．A．illegal B．inspiring C．important D．impossible28．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Instead29．A．combination B．collection C．strategy D．system30．A．forced B．forbade C．taught D．enabled31．A．list B．rise C．schedule D．decrease32．A．Incontrast B．Afterall C．BythewayD．Onthecontrary33．A．leave B．bridge C．open D．identify34．A．course B．excuse C．answer D．reward35．A．guide B．treat C．example D．companion四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Manypeopleareusually36(puzzle)bythemeaningofthedifferentnamesoftheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,andEngland.GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpsolvethispuzzle.Inthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.Later,thecountryofScotlandbecamepartoftheKingdomofGreatBritaininthe18thcentury.Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomofIrelandwasadded

37(create)theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeaway,38(result)inthefullnamewehavetoday.Thefourcountriesusethesameflag,referredtoastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitary39(defend).40,theyalsohavesomedifferences.LondonisthecapitaloftheUKwith41historydatingallthewayback42theRomantimesand—withalmostninemillionpeople—Europe’s43(large)city.Almosteverywhereyougo,youwill44(surround)byevidenceofthefourdifferentgroupsofpeople

45tookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.五、推荐信46．假如你是高中生LiHua,你的美国笔友Mike打算到中国旅游，但对中国不太熟悉，他发邮件向你咨询，请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：1.表示欢迎2.推荐城市及相关信息(交通方式，景点等)注意：1.词数80左右2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、读后续写47．阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Nickhadadifficultchildhood,withneithermomnordadgivinghimlovebecausehisparentsdiedwhenhewasten.Nowhewas27yearsold.Hehadnofriendsaround.Asforhiswork,deliveringnewspaperscouldn’tsupporthisfamily.Hehadawife,KaraLewis,buthedidnotknowexactlyhowtogetalongwithher.Hislifewasinamessandhecouldn’tseehisfuture.Thatnight,Nickhadaquarrelwithhiswifeandhe’dstormedoutoftheirapartment,leavinghisphonebehindsoshecouldn’tcontacthim.Thenhedrovethecarandsmokedintheparkinglot;helikedtogotherewhenheneededtobealone.Lookingupatthestars,hesatinsilencefor15minutesorso.Thenhedecidedtoheadhome.Hewasonthewaybacktotheapartmentjustafterthemidnightwhenhesawthehouseonfire.Flameswereclimbingupthefrontporch,lappingatthehome’swalls.Hurryingoutofthevehicle,heimmediatelyregrettednothavinghisphone.“Hey,help,thehouseisonfire!”heyelledintothenight.Nobodyresponded.Heranaroundtothebackdoor.Tohisamazement,itswungopen.Withoutthinkingaboutthedanger,Nickdashedintotheburningbuilding.Itwasatwo-storyhousewhereWalterfamilylivedwithtwodaughters,18-year-oldKayand2-year-oldSally.Thatnighttheparentswerenotathome,withtheir18-year-olddaughtertakingcareofSally.ThecurtainsweremeltingasNickranthroughthehallwayoftheburninghouse,peeringintoroomsthatwereinflamesandsearchingtoseeifanyonewashome.Justthen,onefaceemergedfromaroomatthetopofthestairsandpeereddownathim,hereyeswide.“Yourhouseisonfire.Youneedtogo!”Nickyelled,hurryingheroutofthehouse.Aftertheywereoutintothefreshair,Nickheardthegirlkeptscreaming,“There’sababyinthere!Icouldn’tfindherinthebedroom.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Withouthesitating,Nickranbackinsideagain.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Outside,thefirefightershadarrived.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案1．B2．D3．C【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章推荐了适合家庭乘船游览的几种选择。1．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Withsummerbehindusandthefallandwinterholidaysjustaroundthecorner,nowitseemsasgoodatimeasanytostartplanningthenextfamilyvacation.Insteadofabeachbreakorskigetaway,afamilycruiseoffersaconvenientandcost-effectivealternativewintervacation.(夏天已经过去，秋冬假期即将到来，现在似乎是开始计划下一次家庭度假的好时机。与海滩度假或滑雪度假不同，家庭游轮提供了一个方便且具有成本效益的另类寒假。)”等内容可知，本文向读者推荐了适合家庭乘船游览的几种选择，属于广告类文章。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据TourAustraliawithPrincessCruises下列段落中“Andontheship,littleonescanenjoyavarietyofonboardactivitiesandentertainment,fromdanceclassestovolleyballtoenrichmentclasses.(在船上，孩子们可以享受各种船上活动和娱乐，从舞蹈课到排球，再到丰富多彩的课程。)”可知，你可以选择PrincessCruises让孩子们表演芭蕾舞。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据CruisetotheCaribbeanwithDisney下列段落中“Bestofall,thereareplentyoffamily-friendlystateroomcategoryoptionsthatcatertobudget-consciousfamilies.(最棒的是，有很多适合家庭的特等舱类别可供选择，适合精打细算的家庭。)”可知，经济型家庭对Disneyships更感兴趣。故选C项。4．B5．B6．D7．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在虎鲨的帮助下，巴哈马海岸发现了一片巨大的海草草地，为世界提供了应对气候变化的工具，因为海草可以通过光合作用捕获大量的碳，并将其储存在海底。4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thankstotheassistanceoftigersharks,ahugeseagrassmeadowintheBahamasBankshasbeendiscovered,offeringtheworldatooltofightclimatechange.(在虎鲨的帮助下，巴哈马群岛的一片巨大的海草草地被发现，为世界提供了对抗气候变化的工具)”可知，巴哈马群岛的海草草地是在虎鲨的帮助下被发现的，即通过追踪虎鲨被发现的。故选B项。5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Seagrasscancapture(捕获)hugequantitiesofcarbonbyphotosynthesis(光合作用)andstoresitontheseafloor.Intermsofclimatechange,thisisexcellentnews(海草可以通过光合作用捕获大量的碳，并将其储存在海底。就气候变化而言，这是个好消息)”可知，就气候变化而言，海草好处是可以储存大量的碳。故选B项。6．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了在虎鲨的帮助下，巴哈马海岸发现了一片巨大的海草草地，为世界提供了应对气候变化的工具，因为海草可以通过光合作用捕获大量的碳，并将其储存在海底。所以文章传达的主要信息是海草草地在应对气候变化方面具有巨大的潜力。故选D项。7．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Thisnewdiscoveryoffersoptimismandprovestheimportanceoftheoceanforhealing.(这一新发现令人乐观，并证明了海洋对治愈的重要性)”和最后一段“Thesemeadowscanbeprotectedandcanbecopied,offeringhopeforclimatechangearoundtheglobe.(这些草地可以被保护和复制，为全球气候变化带来了希望)”可知，作者对海草草场的发现持积极态度。故选B项。8．A9．B10．D11．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者最近买了一本关于路标的书，以及从书中掌握了解到关于路标的知识。8．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“RecentlyIboughtabookaboutsignposts.Signpostsaren’tveryinteresting,you’rethinking.Well,that,ofcourse,dependsonwhetheryouhappentobelost!(最近我买了一本关于路标的书。你在想，路标没什么意思。嗯，那当然要看你是不是碰巧迷路了！)”及划线词所在句“Ancienttravelerswouldhavebeengratefulforthesewhensettlementsweresmallerandfurtherapart.(当定居点更小、距离更远的时候，古代旅行者会很感激这些)”可知，划线单词these指的就是上文中提到的路标。故选A项。9．细节理解题。根据第二段“OneoftheveryearliestwaymarksdiscoveredisinCumbria.DatingfromRomantimes,ithadlainfallenuntil1836,whenafarmerploughinghisfieldscameacrossasandstoneshaft(碑文).Thereareotherstonepoststhathavestoodbyroadsidesforcenturies.Itwasn’tuntil1697thatanactwaspasseddeclaringthatguide-stonesmustbebuilt.(最早发现的路标之一是在坎布里亚郡。它始建于罗马时代，直到1836年，一个农民在耕地时偶然发现了一个砂岩井。还有一些石柱已经矗立在路边几个世纪了。直到1697年才通过一项法案，宣布必须建造路标)”可知，1697年通过的法案促成了路标最初的传播。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据第六段““Yettheyaren’tperfect.WheneverIgoout,Ipreferamap.Ineverhavetoworryaboutrunningoutofbattery.”“I’malwaysgratefultowhoeverisplacingway-markersalongtheroute,”sheadded,“Isupposethathoweversureweare,alittleoutsideconfirmationisalwayswelcome.”(“然而，它们并不完美。无论我什么时候出去，我都喜欢带着地图。我从来不用担心没电了。“无论谁在沿途设置路标，我都很感激，”她补充说，“我想，无论我们多么确定，一点外界的确认总是受欢迎的。”)”可推知，露西对路标的看法是认为它是有帮助的。故选D项。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhapswhenitcomestogratitude,weshouldalsoincludethanksforthosepeoplewhoappearinourliveswhenwemostneedthem—eithergivingusgentlewarningthatwemightbeheadinginthewrongdirection,orreassurancethatweareontherighttrack.(也许说到感恩，我们也应该感谢那些在我们最需要他们的时候出现在我们生活中的人——他们要么温和地警告我们可能走错了方向，要么安慰我们走在正确的道路上。毕竟，没有他们我们会迷路的！)”可推知，作者从路标中学到了要有感恩的心。故选C项。12．B13．A14．A15．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍发表在《BMC医学》一项研究提供了更多的证据证明糖对健康有害。12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Anauthorofthestudy,CodyWatlingsaidsugarsthatoccurnaturallyinwholefruitsandvegetablesarenotconsidered“freesugars”andwereexcludedfromtheanalysis.(该研究的作者之一CodyWatling说，天然存在于整个水果和蔬菜中的糖不被认为是“游离糖”，因此被排除在分析之外。)”可知，Walting没有研究天然存在于整个水果和蔬菜中的糖。故选B。13．词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句“Theresearchersestimatedparticipants’carbohydrate(碳水化合物)intakes(研究人员估计了参与者的碳水化合物摄入量)”和后半句“tofocusonfreesugars.(重点关注游离糖。)”可知，研究人员进一步按碳水化合物类型进行分类。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据第一段“Astudyoffersevenmoreevidenceoftheharmfulhealtheffectsofsugar.Theresearch,publishedinthejournalBMCMedicine,foundthatdietshigherinfreesugars–acategorythatincludessugaraddedtoprocessedfoodsandsodas,aswellasthatfoundinfruitjuiceandsyrups—raiseone’sriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.(一项研究提供了更多的证据证明糖对健康有害。发表在《BMC医学》杂志上的这项研究发现，游离糖含量较高的饮食——包括添加到加工食品和苏打水中的糖，以及果汁和糖浆中的糖——会增加患心脏病和中风的风险。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了饮食中的糖给健康所带来的风险，所以推断文章可能摘自杂志的健康与生命部分。故选A。15．推理判断题。根据第一段“Astudyoffersevenmoreevidenceoftheharmfulhealtheffectsofsugar.Theresearch,publishedinthejournalBMCMedicine,foundthatdietshigherinfreesugars–acategorythatincludessugaraddedtoprocessedfoodsandsodas,aswellasthatfoundinfruitjuiceandsyrups—raiseone’sriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.(一项研究提供了更多的证据证明糖对健康有害。发表在《BMC医学》杂志上的这项研究发现，游离糖含量较高的饮食——包括添加到加工食品和苏打水中的糖，以及果汁和糖浆中的糖——会增加患心脏病和中风的风险。)”及全文可知，作者警示读者：游离糖含量高的饮食增加心脏病和中中风的危险，所以文章的目的是警告人们不要吃游离糖含量高的食物。故选D。16．F17．G18．D19．A20．E【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了积极的思考带来的好处，以及怎么样学会积极的思考。16．根据前文“Thissayingisoftenusedtotestpeople’soutlookinasituation;

dotheyfocusonthepositives(ahalf-fullglass)orthenegatives(ahalf-emptyone)?(这句话经常被用来测试人们在某种情况下的看法；他们关注的是积极的一面(半满的杯子)还是消极的一面(半空的杯子)?)”以及后文“andit’sknowntoboostyourwell-being.(众所周知，它能促进你的健康)”可知，空处应是讲述积极的影响，所以F项“Thinkingpositively,withabeliefthatmostthingswillturnoutwell,iscalledoptimism.(积极地思考，相信大多数事情都会有好的结果，这叫做乐观主义)”符合文意。故选F项。17．分析设空，位于段尾，应是对前文的总结，根据前文“Researchshowsthatpeoplewhoareoptimisticandthinkpositivelytendtoexperiencelessstressandcopewellwhenfacedwithlife’schallenges.

Peoplewhoaremorepessimisticmayfindithardtobelievethatthesechallengeswillpass.

Scientistshaveevenfoundthatthinkingpositivelycanmakeyoulivelonger.

AccordingtoProfessorTaliSharot,beingoptimisticaboutthefuturecanmakeyouhappierandmoresuccessful.(研究表明，乐观和积极思考的人在面对生活挑战时往往会经历更少的压力，并能很好地应对。更悲观的人可能很难相信这些挑战会过去。科学家们甚至发现，积极思考可以让你活得更久。根据TaliSharot教授的说法，对未来持乐观态度可以让你更快乐，更成功)”可知，G项“This’sbecauseyoubelieveyourgoalsareachievable,whichencouragesyoutoworktowardsthem.(这是因为你相信你的目标是可以实现的，这鼓励你朝着目标努力)”符合文意，是对前文的总结。故选G项。18．根据前文“Everybodycanworryfromtimetotime.Worryingcanhelptokeepyousafe—ifyouwereneverworriedandwereoverlypositiveabouthowthingswouldturnout,youwouldn’trecognizerisks.(每个人都会时不时地担心。担心可以帮助你保持安全——如果你从不担心，对事情的结果过于乐观，你就不会意识到风险)”可知，本段主要讲述了担心的好处，在根据本段小标题“Worryingislikeafirealarm.(忧虑就像火警)”，可知D项“Worryingisourbrainwarningusthattheremightbesomethingthreatening.(担心是我们的大脑警告我们可能会有威胁)”符合本段主题，其中Worrying为同词复现。故选D项。19．分析设空，是本段的小标题，是对本段的高度概括，根据下文“Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat’spositive—forexample,animageofyouplayingguitar,havingpassedyournextgrade.

Imaginingthiscanmotivateyoutoworktoachieveit,suchaspracticingeverydayafterschool.(研究表明，画或写一个积极的结果会有所帮助——例如，你弹吉他的画面，已经通过了下一次考试。想象一下可以激励你去实现它，比如每天放学后练习)”可知，本句主要讲述了，要学会积极的想象一些事情，也就是积极地思考，所以A项“Learntothinkpositively.(学会积极思考)”符合文意。故选A项。20．根据前文“Optimismisshapedbyyourgenes,whichcarrycharacteristicsinheritedfromyourparents,andbywhathappenstoyou.(乐观是由你的基因塑造的，它带有从你父母那里遗传来的特征，也由你身上发生的事情决定)”以及后文“Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat’spo