云南省高一下学期期末考试英语试卷有答案解析

第页云南省高一下学期期末考试英语试卷(有答案解析）（满分：150分；考试时间：120分钟）学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解ThescienceofyourwellbeingThiscoursecoverstherealscienceofbetterhealthandhappiness.Withevidence-basedadvicefromtheverylatestscientificresearch,you’llfindthetruthaboutnutritionanddiets,exerciseandmentalwellbeing.Whatwillyoulearn?·Whythebrainmakeshabitshardtobreak.·Techniquesthatcanhelpyoubreakbadhabits.·Achievablestepstoimproveyourdiets.·Activitiestohelpyouremainhealthy.·Techniquesinformedbypsychologicalresearchthatyoucanusetoimproveyourlevelofhappiness.Whoisthiscoursesuitablefor?·Thiscourseissuitableforstudentsatalllevels.·Youmaybeconsideringacareerinnutritionorfitnessandabasicunderstandingofdiets,nutritionandexercise.·Manyofourlearnerstakethiscoursetoimprovetheiruniversityapplication.Whoareyourinstructors?·GilesYeo:He’saprogramleaderattheMedicalResearchCouncilMetabolicDiseasesUnitattheUniversityofCambridge.HisfirstbookGeneEatingwaspublishedinDecember2018,andhissecond,WhyCaloriesDon’tCount,cameoutinJune2021.·JasonGill:He’saprofessorofexerciseandhealthattheUniversityofGlasgow.Hestudiestheeffectsofexerciseanddietsonthepreventionandmanagementofdiseases.·JackyForsyth:She’sanassociateprofessorattheSchoolofHealth,ScienceandWellbeing,StaffordshireUniversity.Shefocusesondevelopingresearchandstudyonwomeninsportandexercise.·BruceHood:He’saprofessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyinSocietyattheUniversityofBristol.Hisresearchinterestsincludethescienceofhappiness,andinhibitorycontrolofthoughtsandactions.1．Whatcanwedoifwetakethecourse?A．Takepartinresearchactivities. B．Getscience-basedsuggestions.C．Interviewsomeexperts. D．Tastehealthydishes.2．Whomaybeinterestedinthecourse?A．Peoplewhotendtobephysicallyactive. B．Peoplewhohavemanybadhabitsinlife.C．Peoplewhoareapplyingtodreamcolleges. D．Peoplewhowanttosucceedintheircareer.3．Whichinstructorisalsoawriter?A．GilesYeo. B．JasonGill. C．JackyForsyth. D．BruceHood.RetiredcoupleMayProctor,71,andherhusbandRod,73,havetransformedtheirgardenintoafairyland(仙境)themedlightshowforlocalkidstoenjoy.MayandRodcameupwiththeconceptlastyearbutthistimeistobethebiggestdisplayyet.Themystical(神秘的)gardenisopenforchildrentowalkthroughanduponentrytheywillfinda“fairyworld”filledwithpizzashops,verysmallshopsandamagicalforest.ThisyearthehomeitselfhasbeentransformedaccordingtoAliceinWonderland.Maysayssheisafairyfanandthatthehugeamountofdecorationisworthitforthemagic.“I’vealwayslikedtomakeabitofamagicalgarden,butthisyearI’vejustbeenexcited.”shesaid.“Especiallyit’sjustmagicatnight,absolutelyamazing.”Anex-dinnerlady,MayProctor,thenative,saidsheandherhusbandneverplannedondoingthelightdisplaythisyear.Thenasautumnapproached,thecouplefeltthattheyhadtoshowsomething.Sotheydecidedagaintogoontocreatealightdisplay.Thetopicforthisyear’sfairydisplay—FairyLaneinWonderland—isinspiredbythemysticalworldofLewisCarroll’sAliceinWonderland.Throughoutthehouseandgarden,visitorswillgodownarabbitholeintoafantastickingdom.“Lastyearitwasjustoutside,butthisyearit’sinside,andit’sjustamazing,”Mayexplained.“Outside,I’vemademyownfairiesandtheywerehungwiththeflowers,soitlookslikearealChristmasfairyland.Butinside,we’vegotsomestageproperties—sowe’vegotamirrorwithallAliceinWonderlandfeaturesaroundit.Thekidsabsolutelyloveit,butIonlylettentotwelveinsideatatimeduetothepandemic(流行病),wheretheycansitdownandhavetheirpicturestaken.”4．WhatcanweknowaboutMayProctorfromParagraph1?A．Shelivesinafairyland.B．SheisfamiliarwithAliceinWonderland.C．Shehasmanysmallshopsinthetown.D．Shehasmanychildrenandgrandchildren.5．HowdidMayProctorfeelaboutthelightdisplaythisyear?A．Satisfied. B．Regretful. C．Worried. D．Expected.6．Howcanvisitorsgointotheshowplace?A．Walkingthroughthehouse.B．Walkingthroughthegarden.C．Goingdownarabbithole.D．Goingthroughamagicmirror.7．WhydidMayonlyallowseveralkidstogetinsideatatime?A．Thegardenwasreallysmall.B．Shewasconcernedabouttheirhealth.C．Theholeistoonarrowtogetinto.D．Therewerenotmanykidsenjoyingthedisplay.ChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryCorplaunchedtwoKuaizhou1Asolid-fuelcarrierrocketsonDee.7th,2019,markingthefirsttimetwoflightshavebeenmadeinasingledaybythesametypeofrocket.Bothwerecarryingsatellites.AKuaizhou1Asetoffat10:55amattheTaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenterinShanxiprovincetoplaceaopticalremote-sensingsatelliteintoorbit.Aboutsixhourslater,anotherKuaizhou1Awasfiredat4:52pm,sendingupsixsmallsatellitesdevelopedbythreedomesticprivateenterprises.ThetwomissionsmarkedtheKuaizhou1A'ssixthandseventhflightssinceJanuary2017,whentherocketmadeitsdebut,thecompanysaid.ItwasalsothefirsttimeforanyChineselaunchcentertocarryouttwolauncheswithinoneday,atestamenttoChina'sstronglaunchcapabilities,expertssaid.Kuaizhouisthelargestsoli-propellantrocketfamilyinChina.TheLongMarchseriesmainlyreliesonliquidfuel.NineKuaizhouseriesrocketshavebeenusedsincethefirstmissioninSeptember2013.Solid-fuelmodelssuchastheKuaizhouseriesfeatureshorterpreparationtime,bettermobilityandahigherlevelofmissionflexibilitythanlarge,liquid-propellantrockets.That'swhyalaunchcentercanhandlemultiplefightsinashorttimespanwithsuchrockets,provideditsgroundfacilitiesaresufficient.YuZhjjin,headoftheTaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenter,toldXinhuaNewsAgencythatfulfillingtwomissionsinasingledayindicatedthatthecenterhasmadeabreakthroughinitsrapidlaunchcapabilities.AnewmanufacturingcomplexforKuaizhourocketswillsoonbebuilt.Afterthecomplexstartsoperations,ExpaceTechnologywillbeabletoproduceatleast10Kuaizhou1Asand10Kuaizhou11sannually.Kuaizhou11,alargerandmorepowerfulmodel,isunderdevelopmentatExpaceandisexpectedtomakeismaidenflightsoon.8．HowmanysatellitesdidKuaizhou1ArocketssenduponDee.7h,2019?A．2. B．11.C．7. D．6.9．What'sthesignificanceofthetwomissionsofKuaizhou1A?A．It'satestamenttoChina'sstronglaunchcapabilities.B．ItmarksKuaizhou1A'ssixthandseventhflightssinceJanuary2017.C．It'sthefirsttimeforanyChineselaunchcentertocarryouttwolauncheswithinoneday.D．Allofabove.10．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefeatureofKuaizhouseries?A．Liquidfuel. B．Solidfuel.C．Lesspreparationtime. D．Bettermobility.11．Whatcouldbethesuitabletitleforthepassage?A．Kuaizhou11IsFullyDevelopedfortheMarketB．TwoRocketsLiftQuiteAFewSalliesinASingleDayC．Kuaizhou11-LargerandMorePowerfulthanKuaizhouD．FirstTimeforChinatoCaryout2LaunchesWithinOneWeekWhenthenaturalclimatechangesduetoglobalwarming,itcansurelyaffectseals(海豹).ThemajorityofthemliveintheAntarcticregionbuttheiceismeltingandtheirnaturalhabitatcanbeseriouslyaffected.Thesechangesdon’ttakeplaceovernight.Theycanbetheresultofmanyyearsofadditionaltemperaturesinthearea.Thesealsthenhavetofindwaystoadapt.Sealsdependonthecoolaircurrentstobringplentyoffoodforthem.Whenthetemperaturesgethigherthereislessandlessfoodandthesealpopulationstartstogetdepleted.Mothersarenothealthyenoughtofeedtheirbabies.Manyofthemendupabandonedasthemothershavetoleavetofindtheirownsourceoffood.Thefactthattheirdesiretoproduceyoungcanbechangedandthewarmertemperatureisfrighteningtoo.Itisalsobelievedthatthewarmertemperaturecanallowdifferentdiseasesandvirusestoattacktheseals.Thisisahugeconcernastheycanrapidlywipeouthugenumbersofsealsoutthere.However,thesechangesinclimateandtemperaturearen’tallbadforotherspeciesofseals.Scientistshavefoundthatthoselivinginwarmerclimatesareproducingmoreyoungduetothechanges.Researchalsoshowsthatthefemalesaremovingfurthertofindfoodandwater.Whentheyareoutofthereachofthegoverningmales,theyaremorewillingtoacceptthemovesofothermalesinthegroup.Thisisgoodnewstoobecauseitmeansthattherewillbemoreselectioninthegenepool(基因库)forfuturegenerations.Itcanhelpthesealsasaspeciesadapttochangeintheirnaturalenvironmentmoreeasily.Theclimatechangeproblemforsealsisdirectlylinkedtohumans.Whenwetakeactiontochangewhatweletoutintotheenvironment,wewillmakepositivechangesfortheseals.However,itisgoingtotakeaverylongtimetoreverse(彻底改变)theeffectsofwhathasalreadybeendone.12．Whatdoestheauthorregardclimatechangesforsealsas?A．Amirrorofevolution.B．Adouble-edgedsword.C．Anunavoidabledisasterforexistence.D．Arequirementformorechoiceinthegenepool.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinparagraph2probablymean?A．Explode. B．Vary.C．Disappear. D．Decrease.14．Whatwillhappentothesealsinwarmerclimates?A．Thefemalesealswillbeinthelead.B．Theirgeneswillchangeagreatdeal.C．Theirnumberwillbeontheincrease.D．Thefemaleswillkeepawayfromthemales.15．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Howclimatechangeaffectsseals. B．Theimportanceofprotectingseals.C．Seal’sadaptationtoclimatechange. D．Whysealsarebecominglessandless.二、七选五Windowshoppingreferstotheprocessofgoingfromstoretostore—orevenwebsitetowebsite—justtolookatwhatisforsale.Manypeoplecandowindowshoppingduringanaverageday.Forexample,apersoncanenjoythistypeofshoppingduringalunchhour,whilewaitingforfriendstoarrive.16Somepeoplecanspendthewholedaygoingfromwindowtowindow,appreciatingthegoods.Truewindowshoppingisneverahurriedactivity.Thenumberofdisplays(陈列品)peopleseeorhowmuchtimegetsspentoneachoneisn’tthefocus.17Meanwhile,peoplepaymoreattentiontotheattractivewayeachstorepresentsitsitems.18Adisplaycontainingadiningroomtableandchairs,forexample,mightgivesomeoneideasfortablesettings,orotheritemsusedtodressupadiningarea.Inthissense,thisformofshoppingisawaytoinspirecreativity.Peopleoftenchoosewindowshoppingbecauseitisanactivitywithnorealobligations.Thelackofatimeframeandnothavingtospendmoneyletsomepeopleforgettheirworriesandrelax.19Lookingatwindowdisplaysisfree.Soanyonecandoit,nomatterwhattheircurrentfinancialstatusis.20Theysimplywantthepleasureofseeingwhat’sforsaleanddreamingaboutwhatitwouldbeliketohavethosethings.A．Windowshoppingcanserveasinspiration.B．Theycomebackhappily,readytofacetheirnexttask.C．Instead,peoplecareaboutwhateachdisplaycontains.D．Theselocationshavestreetslinedwithdifferentshops.E．Somecanuseitasawaytokilltimebeforethestartofamovie.F．Goingwindowshoppingwithyourfriendscanmakeitmoreenjoyable.G．Actually,somepeopledoitsimplybecausetheycan’taffordtobuysomething.三、完形填空Afterthirtyyearsintheclassroomofprimaryschool,Ihavecometorealizethatthetiniestofgesturescanmakeahuge21toachild.Thisisonesuchstory.Ireceivedaninvitationto22anofficialconferenceoneducationatourlocalhighschool.AsIenteredthe23,therewasagirlwholooked24.Iknewshehadbeenastudentofmine.Irackedmybrain(绞尽脑汁)tryingto25hername.Myinabilitytodosomademefeel26,asIhavealwaysbeenabletorecall27students.Hereyes28mineandshethrewherarmsaroundmeandsaid,“Mrs.G.it’sme,Sarah,andI’mstill29!”Thememoriescame30back.Yousee,Sarahwasneverastudentinmyclassroom.Shelostherparentsatanearlyageandthenwassenttolivewithfoster(代养)parents.Sarahwasunhappy,oftenintroubleandoftenintheoffice.ItwasduringoneofthoseofficevisitsthatIfirst31her.Shewaswritingsomethinginanotebook.I32myselftoherandaskedherwhatshewaswriting.Sarah33herstorywithme.Herwritingspoketome.ItfilledmyheartandIknewitwashealing(治愈的)forhertoputher34onpaper.Everymorningbeforeschoolshewouldcomeintomyclassroomandwewould35herwritingskills.UponmeetingSarahatthehighschooltenyearslater,Iknewherjourneyhadnotbeeneasy.Ourconversationthateveningwasfilledwithwarmth,36gettingtoknowSarahwashopefuland37aboutherfuture.Shewasturningherlifearoundandlookingforwardtogoingtocollegeto38journalism.Drivinghome,Icouldnothelpbutrealizethegreat39thatteacherscouldhaveupontheirstudents.Takingtimetoconnectwithachildhasthepowerto40changethatchild’slife.That’swhyIteach.21．A．commitment B．inference C．presence D．difference22．A．interact B．attend C．witness D．speak23．A．classroom B．cottage C．hall D．route24．A．distinct B．normal C．familiar D．remarkable25．A．remember B．infer C．evaluate D．wonder26．A．surprised B．discouraged C．annoyed D．amused27．A．honorable B．gentle C．adorable D．former28．A．met B．bothered C．interpreted D．appealed29．A．reading B．writing C．teaching D．working30．A．flooding B．warning C．combining D．occupying31．A．opposed B．discovered C．encountered D．awarded32．A．accompany B．excused C．displayed D．introduced33．A．shared B．told C．read D．translated34．A．commitments B．thoughts C．complaints D．joys35．A．calledon B．workedon C．insistedon D．reliedon36．A．appropriatelyB．eventually C．potentially D．especially37．A．pessimistic B．negative C．approving D．optimistic38．A．takeup B．liveon C．majorin D．absentfrom39．A．effect B．anxiety C．knowledge D．lesson40．A．instantly B．regularly C．truly D．efficiently四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。GlobalNaturalHistoryDay(GNHD)-youthscienceknowledgecompetition-tookplaceinShanghaionMarch2,2023,inanefforttoprovideaplatform41primaryandsecondaryschoolstudentstolearnmoreaboutnaturalscience.GNHD42(launch)byKennethBehringin2012inChina.Itisaninternationaleducationprogrammeintended43(inspire)students'interestinnaturalhistoryandscienceandengagethemtogetoutdoorsandexploretheirenvironment.ItisbasedinShanghai,44world-famouseconomicandfinancialcenter.45(support)bylocalmuseumsandnaturalscienceorganizations,thesescienceknowledgecompetitionshavebeen46(continuous)heldfor12years,attracting60,000teams47involvingmillionsofstudentsandteachers.Inthisprogramme,studentsdevelopproblem-solvingabilities,deepencross-culturalunderstanding,andexplore48thefuturestateofthenaturalworldwillbelike.Inthepastdecade,GNHD49(add)popularsciencepainting,storybroadcastingandscienceexhibitiontofurtherarousestudents'interestinnaturalsciencelearning.Atthisyear'sevent，anew“GlobalNatureDayCyberSpace”platformpromotingeducationalequityandequalitywasalsostarted.Thisyear'sGNHDreturnedtoitsofflinemode.Under2023'smaintheme“Seeingsmallthings-Nature'ssmallperspectiveandbigvision",naturalsciencetalentsfromaroundtheworldpresentedtheir50(achieve)inexhibitions,sciencepaintingsandstorytelling.五、短文改错51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。LastFridayItookthesubwayhomeasusually.Sinceourphysicsteacherhadjustteachusinclassthattheescalator(自动扶梯)worked,Idecidedtoseehowfasttheescalatorwent.Tomysurprise,itwentaspeedofabout40m/min.Thenextday,IwenttoadepartmentstorewithhercousinEmily.Itimedtheescalatorheretoo.Ifoundthatitwasmuchslower,goingabout30metereveryminute.Why?IcheckontheInternetandfoundthereason.Storesslowdownescalatorsonapurpose,allowingcustomersmoretimetolookingattheirproducts.六、其他应用文52．你校将于下周五举办题为“中学生是否可以带手机到学校”的英语辩论赛(EnglishDebateCompetition)。请给你校英语报写一篇宣传稿，内容包括：1．时间、地点；2．活动内容；3.鼓励参加。注意：1．词数80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案1．B2．C3．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一门关于健康饮食和保持健康的课程，介绍了课程内容、适合对象以及导师的情况。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Withevidence-basedadvicefromtheverylatestscientificresearch,you’llfindthetruthaboutnutritionanddiets,exerciseandmentalwellbeing.(根据最新科学研究提供的基于证据的建议，你会发现关于营养、饮食、锻炼和心理健康的真相)”以及Whatwillyoulearn?部分中“·Techniquesinformedbypsychologicalresearchthatyoucanusetoimproveyourlevelofhappiness.(·心理学研究提供的技能，可以用来提高你的幸福水平)”可知，如果我们上了这门课，我们能获得科学的建议。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据Whoisthiscoursesuitablefor?部分中“·Manyofourlearnerstakethiscoursetoimprovetheiruniversityapplication.(我们的很多学习者通过学习这门课程来提高他们的大学申请)”可知，申请理想大学的人会对这门课感兴趣。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“·GilesYeo:He’saprogramleaderattheMedicalResearchCouncilMetabolicDiseasesUnitattheUniversityofCambridge.HisfirstbookGeneEatingwaspublishedinDecember2018,andhissecond,WhyCaloriesDon’tCount,cameoutinJune2021.(·GilesYeo：他是剑桥大学医学研究委员会代谢疾病小组的项目负责人。他的第一本书《基因饮食》于2018年12月出版，第二本书《为什么卡路里不算数》于2021年6月出版)”可知，GilesYeo导师也是作家。故选A。4．B5．A6．C7．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了退休的MayProctor夫妇根据《爱丽丝梦游仙境》改造自己家成为一个神奇森林的“童话世界”，并供孩子们参观的故事。4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段ThisyearthehomeitselfhasbeentransformedaccordingtoAliceinWonderland.(今年，根据《爱丽丝梦游仙境》，这个家本身已经被改造。)”可知MayProctor是根据《爱丽丝梦游仙境》改造自己的家的。因此从第一段中我们可以了解到MayProctor熟悉《爱丽丝梦游仙境》。故选B项。5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I’vealwayslikedtomakeabitofamagicalgarden,butthisyearI’vejustbeenexcited.”shesaid.“Especiallyit’sjustmagicatnight,absolutelyamazing.(我一直喜欢做一个神奇的花园，但今年我只是太兴奋了。她说。“尤其是在晚上，它就像魔法一样，绝对令人惊叹。)”可知MayProctor对今年的灯光展示感到很满意。故选A项。6．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Throughoutthehouseandgarden,visitorswillgodownarabbitholeintoafantastickingdom.(在整个房子和花园里，游客将从一个兔子洞进入一个奇妙的王国。)”可知参观者通过进入兔子洞进入展览场所。故选C项。7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Thekidsabsolutelyloveit,but|onlylettentotwelveinsideatatimeduetothepandemic,wheretheycansitdownandhavetheirpicturestaken.(孩子们绝对喜欢它，但由于疫情，我一次只让十到十二个人进去，在那里他们可以坐下来拍照。)”可知May一次只允许几个孩子进去是因为她担心他们的健康。故选B项。8．C9．D10．A11．B【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了中国发射中心第一次在一天内两次顺利完成发射同一类型火箭搭载卫星，意义重大。8．细节理解题。根据第二段AKuaizhou1Asetoffat10:55amattheTaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenterinShanxiprovincetoplaceaopticalremote-sensingsatelliteintoorbit.Aboutsixhourslater,anotherKuaizhou1Awasfiredat4:52pm,sendingupsixsmallsatellitesdevelopedbythreedomesticprivateenterprises.上午10时55分，一枚快舟1A火箭在山西省太原卫星发射中心发射升空，将一颗光学遥感卫星送入轨道。大约6个小时后，下午4点52分，另一枚快舟1A发射升空，发射升空的是由3家国内私营企业开发的6颗小型卫星。可知，在2019年7月7日，两枚快舟1A火箭共发射了7颗卫星。故选C项。9．细节理解题。根据第三段ThetwomissionsmarkedtheKuaizhouIA'ssixthandseventhflightssinceJanuary2017,whentherocketmadeitsdebut,thecompanysaid.ItwasalsothefirsttimeforanyChineselaunchcentertocarryouttwolauncheswithinoneday,atestamenttoChina'sstronglaunchcapabilities,expertssaid.该公司表示，这两项任务标志着快舟1A自2017年1月首次亮相以来的第六次和第七次飞行。专家表示，这也是中国发射中心首次在一天内进行两次发射，证明了中国强大的发射能力。可知，快舟1A的两项任务证明了中国强大的发射能力。故选D项。10．细节理解题。根据第四段中Kuaizhouisthelargestsoli-propellantrocketfamilyinChina.TheLongMarchseriesmainlyreliesonliquidfuel.快舟是中国最大的固体推进剂火箭家族。长征系列主要依靠液体燃料。可知，快舟系列火箭不以液态为燃料。故选A项。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中ChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryCorplaunchedtwoKuaizhou1Asolid-fuelcarrierrocketsonDee.7th,2019,markingthefirsttimetwoflightshavebeenmadeinasingledaybythesametypeofrocket.Bothwerecarryingsatellites.中国航天科工集团公司于2019年7月7日发射了两枚快舟1A固体燃料运载火箭，这是第一次同一类型火箭在一天内完成两次飞行。两个火箭上都搭载了卫星。以及第三段中ItwasalsothefirsttimeforanyChineselaunchcentertocarryouttwolauncheswithinoneday,atestamenttoChina'sstronglaunchcapabilities,expertssaid.专家表示，这也是中国发射中心首次在一天内进行两次发射，证明了中国强大的发射能力。可知，这是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了中国发射中心第一次在一天内两次顺利完成发射同一类型火箭搭载卫星，因此选项B“两枚火箭在一天内发射了相当多的卫星”符合文章标题。故选B项。12．B13．D14．C15．A【分析】本文是说明文。详细介绍了气候变化对海豹的消极影响和积极影响，呼吁人类做出积极的行动，来减少气候变化对动物的影响。12．推理判断题。根据第二段的Whenthetemperaturesgethigherthereislessandlessfoodandthesealpopulationstartstogetdepleted.和第三段的Itisalsobelievedthatthewarmertemperaturecanallowdifferentdiseasesandvirusestoattacktheseals.Thisisahugeconcernastheycanrapidlywipeouthugenumbersofsealsoutthere.可知当温度升高时，食物越来越少，海豹的数量开始减少。温度升高还会导致不同的疾病和病毒攻击海豹，这些疾病和病毒能迅速消灭大量的海豹。这些都是气候变化对海豹的消极影响。根据第四段Scientistshavefoundthatthoselivinginwarmerclimatesareproducingmoreyoungduetothechanges.第五段Thisisgoodnewstoobecauseitmeansthattherewillbemoreselectioninthegenepool(基因库)forfuturegenerations.Itcanhelpthesealsasaspeciesadapttochangeintheirnaturalenvironmentmoreeasily.可知由于气候变化，那些生活在温暖气候下的动物会生出更多的后代。雌性海豹的移动会导致后代基因方面有更多的选择，有助于帮助海豹适应自然环境的变化。这些是气候变化对海豹的积极影响。综上，作者认为气候变化对海豹是双刃剑。故选B。13．词义猜测题。根据上句Sealsdependonthecoolaircurrentstobringplentyoffoodforthem.Whenthetemperaturesgethigherthereislessandlessfood可知海豹依靠凉爽的气流为它们带来大量的食物。当温度升高时，食物就越来越少。由此推知食物减少对海豹数量的影响就是数量减少。getdepleted与decrease同义，指减少。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据第四段Scientistshavefoundthatthoselivinginwarmerclimatesareproducingmoreyoungduetothechanges.可知科学家们发现，由于气候变化，那些生活在温暖气候下的海豹会生出更多的后代，即海豹的数量会增加。故选C。15．主旨大意题。第一段Whenthenaturalclimatechangesduetoglobalwarming,itcansurelyaffectseals(当全球变暖导致自然气候变化时，它肯定会影响到海豹)是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知本文详细介绍了气候变化对海豹的消极影响和积极影响，即本文的主题是“气候变化如何影响海豹”。故选A。【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为①定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用referto，becalled或that’stosay，suchas等。②逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,thesameas,but,however,while,ontheotherhand,since,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。③语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。④语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。小题2中，根据上句Sealsdependonthecoolaircurrentstobringplentyoffoodforthem.Whenthetemperaturesgethigherthereislessandlessfood可知海豹依靠凉爽的气流为它们带来大量的食物。当温度升高时，食物就越来越少。由此推知食物减少对海豹数量的影响就是数量减少。getdepleted与decrease同义，指减少。⑤指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。16．E17．C18．A19．B20．G【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是“橱窗购物”以及它的一些特点和好处。16．根据上文“Windowshoppingreferstotheprocessofgoingfromstoretostore—orevenwebsitetowebsite—justtolookatwhatisforsale.Manypeoplecandowindowshoppingduringanaverageday.Forexample,apersoncanenjoythistypeofshoppingduringalunchhour,whilewaitingforfriendstoarrive.(“橱窗购物”指从一家商店到另一家商店，甚至从一个网站到另一个网站，只是为了看看有什么商品出售的过程。许多人在平常的一天里都可以进行橱窗购物。例如，一个人可以享受这种类型的购物在午餐时间，同时等待朋友的到来)”以及后文“Somepeoplecanspendthewholedaygoingfromwindowtowindow,appreciatingthegoods.(有些人可以花一整天的时间从一个窗口参观到另一个窗口，欣赏商品)”可知，本句与后文并列，都是在说明人们利用橱窗购物来打发时间的情况。故E选项“有些人可以用它来打发电影开始前的时间”符合语境，故选E。17．根据上文“Truewindowshoppingisneverahurriedactivity.Thenumberofdisplayspeopleseeorhowmuchtimegetsspentoneachoneisn’tthefocus.(真正的橱窗购物从来不是一种匆忙的活动。人们看到的陈列品数量或在每个陈列品上花费的时间并不是重点)”以及后文“Meanwhile,peoplepaymoreattentiontotheattractivewayeachstorepresentsitsitems.(与此同时，人们更关注每家商店展示商品的吸引人的方式)”可知，上文提到人们不关注陈列品的数量和花费时间，可知本句说明人们真正关注陈列品的是什么：人们关心每个陈列品包含什么。故C选项“相反，人们关心每个陈列品包含什么”符合语境，故选C。18．根据后文“Adisplaycontainingadiningroomtableandchairs,forexample,mightgivesomeoneideasfortablesettings,orotheritemsusedtodressupadiningarea.Inthissense,thisformofshoppingisawaytoinspirecreativity.(例如，一个包含餐桌和椅子的陈列品可能会给某人关于餐桌摆设或其他用来装饰用餐区的物品的想法。从这个意义上说，这种形式的购物是激发创造力的一种方式)”可知，后文提到这种形式的购物是激发创造力的一种方式，即橱窗购物可以激发灵感，故A选项“橱窗购物可以作为灵感来源”符合语境，故选A。19．根据上文“Peopleoftenchoosewindowshoppingbecauseitisanactivitywithnorealobligations.Thelackofatimeframeandnothavingtospendmoneyletsomepeopleforgettheirworriesandrelax.(人们经常选择橱窗购物，因为这是一种没有实际义务的活动。没有时间表，又不用花钱，这让一些人忘记了烦恼，放松了心情)”可知，上文提到橱窗购物可以让人忘记烦恼，放松心情，本句为本段最后一句，说明结果：他们高兴地回来了，准备迎接下一个任务。故B选项“他们高兴地回来了，准备迎接下一个任务”符合语境，故选B。20．根据上文“Lookingatwindowdisplaysisfree.Soanyonecandoit,nomatterwhattheircurrentfinancialstatusis.(看橱窗展示是免费的。所以任何人都可以这样做，无论他们目前的财务状况如何)”以及后文“Theysimplywantthepleasureofseeingwhat’sforsaleanddreamingaboutwhatitwouldbeliketohavethosethings.(他们只是想要看到出售商品的乐趣，并梦想拥有这些东西会是什么样子)”可知，上文提到橱窗购物不需要考虑财务状况，后文则说只是想要看到出售商品的乐趣，并梦想拥有这些东西会是什么样子，可推测是现在还买不起这些东西，只能看，故G选项“事实上，有些人这样做只是因为他们买不起东西”符合语境，故选G。21．D22．B23．C24．C25．A26．B27．D28．A29．B30．A31．C32．D33．A34．B35．B36．D37．D38．C39．A40．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过记叙自己和一个叫萨拉的女孩之间的故事，感叹当老师对学生能造成一辈子的影响。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在小学的教室里呆了三十年后，我逐渐意识到，最微小的动作也能对一个孩子产生巨大的影响。A.commitment承诺；B.inference干预；C.presence出现；D.difference差别。固定短语makeadifferenceto意为“对……产生影响”。结合下文讲述的故事可知，微小的动作都能对孩子产生影响。故选D项。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我收到一份邀请去参加我们当地高中的一个关于教育的官方会议。A.interact互动；B.attend参加；C.witness见证；D.speak说。根据“anofficialconferenceoneducationatourlocalhighschool”可知，是参加会议。故选B项。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我走进大厅时，有一个看起来很面熟的女孩。A.classroom教室；B.cottage小屋；C.hall礼堂、大厅；D.route路线。结合上文可知，作者是去参加一个教育会议，所以是走进会议大厅。故选C项。24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我走进大厅时，有一个看起来很面熟的女孩。A.distinct明显的；B.normal通常的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.remarkable非凡的。根据后文“Iknewshehadbeenastudentofmine.”可知，作者认为她是之前自己的一个学生，所以是认为这个女孩看上去很眼熟。故选C项。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我绞尽脑汁想记起她的名字。A.remember记住，记起；B.infer推测；C.evaluate评估；D.wonder猜想。根据后文“asIhavealwaysbeenabletorecall____7____students.”可知，作者努力想记起女孩的名字。故选A项。26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的无能为力让我感到气馁。A.surprised惊讶的；B.discouraged丧气的；C.annoyed恼怒的；D.amused觉得好笑的。根据前文“Irackedmybraintryingtorememberhername.”和后文“asIhavealwaysbeenabletorecall____7____students.”可知，作者怎么也想不起来女孩的名字，但平时都能想起来，所以当时是感觉到很丧气、很气馁。故选B项。27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的无能让我感到沮丧，因为我总是能回忆起以前的学生。A.honorable光荣的；B.gentle温和的；C.adorable可爱的；D.former之前的。根据前文“Iknewshehadbeenastudentofmine.”可知，作者认为她是以前的学生，所以作者是在回想自己之前的学生的名字。故选D项。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的目光与我相遇。A.me