12向文胜-天然源农药的创制

向文胜2021年4月，武汉第十二届生物农药会议天然源农药的创制介绍我国在植物源杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂、杀鼠剂、杀螺剂、杀线虫剂及植物生长调节剂方面的研究进展及成果。报告内容战略意义发展现状、趋势我国天然源农药研究与应用一、战略意义washington推进农业绿色发展。实施国家黑土地保护工程，推广保护性耕作模式。健全耕地休耕轮作制度。持续推进化肥农药减量增效，推广农作物病虫害绿色防控产品和技术。支持国家农业绿色发展先行区建设。加强农产品质量和食品安全监管，发展绿色农产品、有机农产品和地理标志农产品。2021年中央一号文件：一、战略意义AA级和A级绿色食品生产均允许使用的农药清单（农业农村部第319号公告，自2020年11月1日起正式实施）类别物资名称备注I.植物和动物来源楝素（苦楝、印楝等提取物，如印楝素等）杀虫天然除虫菊素（除虫菊科植物提取液）杀虫苦参碱及氧化苦参碱（苦参等提取物）杀虫蛇床子素（蛇床子提取物）杀虫、杀菌小檗碱（黄连、黄柏等提取物）杀菌大黄素甲醚（大黄、虎杖等提取物）杀菌乙蒜素（大蒜提取物）杀菌苦皮藤素（苦皮藤提取物）杀虫藜芦碱（百合科藜芦属和喷嚏草属植物提取物）杀虫

桉油精（桉树叶提取物）杀虫植物油（如薄荷油、松树油、香菜油、八角茴香油等）杀虫、杀螨、杀真菌、抑制发芽一、战略意义（农业农村部第319号公告，自2020年11月1日起正式实施）类别物资名称备注I.植物和动物来源寡聚糖（甲壳素）杀菌、植物生长调节天然诱集和杀线虫剂（如万寿菊、孔雀草、芥子油等）杀线虫

具有诱杀作用的植物（如香根草等）杀虫植物醋（如食醋、木醋和竹醋等）杀菌菇类蛋白多糖（菇类提取物）杀菌水解蛋白质引诱蜂蜡保护嫁接和修剪伤口明胶杀虫具有驱避作用的植物提取物（大蒜、薄荷、辣椒、花椒、薰衣草、柴胡、艾草、辣根等的提取物）驱避

害虫天敌（如寄生蜂、瓢虫、草蛉、捕食螨等）控制虫害AA级和A级绿色食品生产均允许使用的农药清单一、战略意义AA级和A级绿色食品生产均允许使用的农药清单（农业农村部第319号公告，自2020年11月1日起正式实施）类别物资名称备注Ⅱ.微生物来源

真菌及真菌提取物（白僵菌、轮枝菌、木霉菌、耳霉菌、淡紫拟青霉、金龟子绿僵菌、寡雄腐霉菌等）杀虫、杀菌、杀线虫细菌及细菌提取物（芽孢杆菌类、荧光假单胞杆菌、短稳杆菌等）杀虫、杀菌病毒及病毒提取物（核型多角体病毒、质型多角体病毒、颗粒体病毒等）杀虫

多杀霉素、乙基多杀菌素杀虫春雷霉素、多抗霉素、井冈霉素、嘧啶核苷类抗菌素、宁南霉素、申嗪霉素、中生菌素杀菌

S-诱抗素植物生长调节一、战略意义AA级和A级绿色食品生产均允许使用的农药清单（农业农村部第319号公告，自2020年11月1日起正式实施）类别物资名称备注Ⅲ.生物化学产物氨基寡糖素、低聚糖素、香菇多糖杀菌、植物诱抗几丁聚糖

杀菌、植物诱抗、植物生长调节苄氨基嘌呤、超敏蛋白、赤霉酸、烯腺嘌呤、羟烯腺嘌呤、三十烷醇、乙烯利、吲哚丁酸、吲哚乙酸、芸薹素内酯植物生长调节Ⅴ.其他昆虫性信息素引诱或干扰乙烯催熟等一、战略意义Organicfoodsalesgrowthfrom2013to2017DatafromtheOrganicTradeAssociation(2018),/resources/market-analysis.20132014201520162017Organicfood(US$billions)3137835099390064250745209Organic(yearonyeargrowth%)12.20%11.90%11.10%9.00%6.40%Totalfood(US$billions)760486787,575807,998812,907822,160Totalfood(yearonyeargrowth%)2.70%3.60%2.60%0.60%1.10%Organic(%oftotal)4.10%4.50%4.80%5.20%5.50%一、战略意义

天然源农药研发----农药创制的源泉嘧菌酯甲氧基丙烯酸酯一、战略意义天然产物合成农药除虫菊素I丙烯菊酯氰戊菊酯氯氰菊酯溴氰菊酯……烟碱吡虫啉吡虫清……大蒜素抗菌剂402从天然产物到新农药开发天然产物合成农药桉树脑恶庚草烷二恶吡咯霉素吡咯胺（AC303630）Strobilurin嘧菌酯甲氧丙烯酸酯类…Ibotenicacid恶霉灵双丙氨膦草胺膦一、战略意义鱼尼丁氟虫酰胺基于天然产物到分子靶标到新农药创制溴氰虫酰胺

氯虫苯甲酰胺一、战略意义二、发展现状、趋势

美国环保署是生物农药监管的世界领导者，开创了全球生物农药登记简化的先河。过去20年里，美国市场上推出的生物农药包括生物杀虫剂、生物刺激素、SAR诱导素、交配干扰素、激素、根系共生真菌、有益根际细菌和放线菌等。

美国生物农药销售额占据全球生物农药销售总额的1/3，其中微生物生物农药占美国整体生物农药市场总额的67%。

1997-2010年新活性成分按传统农药登记比例1997-2010年新活性成分传统农药和生物农药登记比例二、发展现状、趋势二、发展现状、趋势

2019年底，美国环保署已批准约1401种生物农药产品登记，共涉及有效成分近400种，生物化学农药占57.5%，微生物农药占36.0%，其它占6.5%。2015-2018年美国新登记微生物农药成分二、发展现状、趋势

2015-2018年美国新登记微生物农药成分二、发展现状、趋势

2015-2018年美国新登记微生物农药成分Financingofagriculturebiologicalcompaniesin2017@2018CompanyInvestorsSizeofround(US$million)YearWhattheydoAgBiomeTheUniversityofTexas,FidelityManagement@ResearchCompany,PolarisPartners,ARCHVenturePartners,InnotechAdvisers,PontifaxGlobalFoodandAgricultureTechnologyFundandMonsantoGrowthVentures652017MicrobialsforpestmanagementBioconsortiaOtterCapitalandKhoslaVentures102018Consortiaofmicrobesasbiostimulants二、发展现状、趋势Financingofagriculturebiologicalcompaniesin2017@2018CompanyInvestorsSizeofround(US$million)YearWhattheydoBoostBiomesNimbleVentures,VikingGlobalInvestors,Tencent2.052018NovelmicrobialbiopesticidediscoveryplatformConcentricAg(formerlyInocucor)CycleCapitalManagement,DesjardinsInnovatechTPGARTandPontifaxAgTech15.92018ConsortiaofmicrobesasbiostimulantsIndigoBioAgBaillieGifford,InvestmentCorporationofDubai,theAlaskaPermanentFundandFlagshipPioneering2502018Value-enhancedgrain,seedandcottonwithmicrobialinoculants二、发展现状、趋势Financingofagriculturebiologicalcompaniesin2017@2018CompanyInvestorsSizeofround(US$million)YearWhattheydoMarroneBioInnovationsOspraie,Waddell&Reed,Ardsley,Exponential&Public402018BiologicalsforpestmanagementandplanthealthNewLeafSymbioticsS2GVentures,MonsantoGrowthVentures,OtterCapital,TheYardVentures,Lewis&ClarkVentures,RockportCapital,PangaeaVentures,OpenPrairieVentures302017Pink-pigmentedbacteriatoenhancecropgrowthPivotBioBreakthroughEnergyVentures,Temasek702018Modifiedmicrobesfornitrogenfixationincorn二、发展现状、趋势Financingofagriculturebiologicalcompaniesin2017@2018CompanyInvestorsSizeofround(US$million)YearWhattheydoSemiosSustainableDevelopmentTechnologyCanada9.92018DigitalagtoolsandpheromonebiopesticidesSound(formerlyAsilomarBio)SyngentaVenturesCavalloVentures,FallLineCapitalandCultivianSandbox122017Strigalactone-relatedbiostimulantsTerrameraSustainableDevelopmentTechnologyCanada2.52018Formulationtechnologytoimprovebiopesticides二、发展现状、趋势Acquisitionsandjointventuresofbiologicalcompaniesbylargercompaniesandagrichemicalcompaniessince2009CompanyYearacquired/JointVenturePrice(US$millions)AcquirerorpartnerTechnologyEcoFlora2019NotdisclosedGowanPlantextractsforcropprotectionTyratech2018NotdisclosedAmericanVanguardEssentialoilsforcropprotectionGinkgoBioworks2018100BayerCropSciencesSyntheticbiologytocreatemicrobesthatcanenhancenutrientuptakeRizobacter2016(50.01%)NotdisclosedBioCeresMicrobialinoculantsforsoybeanandothersNovozymes2014300MonsantoBiologicalsjointventurewithBio-AgAlliance二、发展现状、趋势Acquisitionsandjointventuresofbiologicalcompaniesbylargercompaniesandagrichemicalcompaniessince2009CompanyYearacquired/JointVenturePrice(US$millions)AcquirerorpartnerTechnologyChr.Hansen2013NotdisclosedFMCMicrobialscreeningjointventureNovozymes2013NotdisclosedTJTechnologiesBacillus-basedplanthealthproductsCenterforAgricultur.@Environm.Biosolutions2013NotdisclosedFMCMicrobialendophytediscoveryProphyta201335BayerFungi-basedbiopesticidesDevgen2012523SyngentaRNAi,ricegermplasm二、发展现状、趋势Acquisitionsandjointventuresofbiologicalcompaniesbylargercompaniesandagrichemicalcompaniessince2009CompanyYearacquired/JointVenturePrice(US$millions)AcquirerorpartnerTechnologyAgraQuest2012425+75earnoutBayerBiofungicides,bioinsecticidesPasteuria2012123SyngentaBionematicideBeckerUnderwood20121000BASSeedtreatments,biopesticidesDivergence2011NotdisclosedMonsantoRNAi,chemicalnematicideEMD2011275NovozymesMicrobialinoculantsAgroGreen2009NotdisclosedBayerBacillusfirmusbionematicide二、发展现状、趋势Acquisitionsandjointventuresofbiologicalcompaniesbylargercompaniesandagrichemicalcompaniessince2009二、发展现状、趋势CommercialmicrobialbioinsecticidesActiveTypePestscontrolledProductexamplesManufacturerBacillusthuringiensisspp.AizawaiMicrobial,bacteriaDiamondbackmoth,armywormXenTari®,Agree®ValentBio.,CertisUSABacillusthuringiensisspp.KurstakiMicrobial,bacteriaAbroadrangeofcaterpillarsDipel®,Deliver®,Foray®,Biobit®,Javelin®ValentBio.,CertisUSAChromobacteriumsubtsugaeMicrobial,non-livingbacteriaBroadrangeofsucking@chewinginsects,mites@fliesGrandevo®MarroneBioInnovations二、发展现状、趋势CommercialmicrobialbioinsecticidesActiveTypePestscontrolledProductexamplesManufacturerBurkholderiarinojensisMicrobial,deadbacteriaBroadrangeofsucking@chewinginsects,mites@fliesVenerate®MarroneBioInnovationsMetarhiziumanisopliaeMicrobial,fungusThrips,mites,whitefliesMet52®,GreenGuard®,GreenMuscle®Novozymes,BASFBeauveriabassianaMicrobial,fungusSuckinginsectsBotanigard,severalothersBioworks,othersApopka97strainofIsariafumosoroseaMicrobial,fungusAbroadrangeofsuckinginsects,mites@blackvineweevilPFR97®CertisUSA二、发展现状、趋势CommercialbiochemicalbioinsecticidesActiveTypePestscontrolledProductexamplesManufacturerNeemoilBiochemical,soaps/fattyacidsAbroadrangeofsuckinginsects,alsofungiTrilogy®CertisUSAAzadiractinPlantextractAbroadrangeofsuckingandchewinginsectsAza-direct®(andothers)Gowan(andothers)Capsicumoleoresinextract;garlic,soybeanoilPlantextract,oilsMitesandarangeofsoft-bodiedinsectsCaptiva®@Captiva®PrimeGowanCitrusoilsolutionPlantextractAbroadrangeofsuckinginsectsOroboost®OroAgri二、发展现状、趋势CommercialbiochemicalbioinsecticidesActiveTypePestscontrolledProductexamplesManufacturerCropoilsParaffinicoilSuckinginsectsStyletOil®,SupremeOil,othersManyChenopodiumambrosioidesPlant-derivedterpenesSuckinginsectsandmitesRequiem®(notorganic)BayerCropScienceCyclotidesButterflypeaextractNezara,mirids,Helicoverpa,whitefliesSero-X™InnovateAgSpidervenompeptidesEngineeredintoyeastcells,killedLepidoptera,somesuckinginsectsSpear™Vestaron二、发展现状、趋势Commercialnon-BacillusmicrobialbiofungicidesActiveTypeexamplesManufacturerTrichodermaharzianumT-22Microbial,fungiRootShield®WP,PlantShield®HCBioworksTrichodermaasperellum@TrichodermagamsiiMicrobial,fungiBIO-TAM2.0®IsagroGliocladiumvirensMicrobial,fungiSoilGard®CertisUSAConiothyriumminitansMicrobial,fungusContans®WGBayerPseudomonaschlororaphisstrainAFS009Microbial,bacteriaHowler™AgBiomeStreptomyceslydicusMicrobial,actinomyceteActinovate®,ActinoGrow®Novozymes(Valent)二、发展现状、趋势Bacillus-basedbiofungicidesActiveTypeexamplesManufacturerBacillusamyloliquefaciensMBI600Microbial,bacteriaSerifel®BASFBacillussubtilisvar.amyloliquefaciensFZB24Microbial,bacteriaTaegro®2WPNovozymes,distributedbyIsagroUSABacillussubtilisIAB/BS03Microbial,bacteriaPrevont®Seipasa,distributedbySymagroBacillussubtilis(renamedamyloliquefaciens)713Microbial,bacteriaSerenade®,Cease®BayerBacillusamyloliquefaciensD747(similarinlipopeptidestoSerenade)Microbial,bacteriaDoubleNickel55®CertisUSA二、发展现状、趋势Bacillus-basedbiofungicidesActiveTypeexamplesManufacturerBacillussubtilusGB03Microbial,bacteriaCompanion®GrowthProductsBacillusamyloliquefaciensENV503(geneticallyidenticaltoB.subtilisGB03)Microbial,bacteriaENV503EnveraBacillusamyloliquefaciens(nakamurai)F727Microbial,bacteriaStargus®,Amplitude™MarroneBioInnovationsBacillusmycoidesisolateJMicrobial,bacteriaLifeGard®WGCertisUSABacilluspumilus2808Microbial,bacteriaSonata®Bayer(WilburEllis)二、发展现状、趋势CommercialmicrobialbionematicidesActiveTypeProductManufacturerPurpureocilliumlilacinusMicrobial,fungiMeloCon®BayerCropSciencePochoniachlamydosporiaMicrobial,fungiKlamiC®andothersSeveral,ex-USAMyrotheciumverrucariaMicrobial,fungiDiTera?®ValentBioSciencesBurkholderiarinojensisMicrobial,killedbacteriaMajestene®®MarroneBioInnovationsPasteurianishizawaeMicrobial,bacteriaClariva®(seedtreatment)SyngentaBacillusfirmusMicrobial,bacteriaVotivo®(seedtreatment)BayerCropScienceSaponinsofQuillajasaponariaBiochemical,plantextractNema-Q®Brandt二、发展现状、趋势中国主要登记农用抗生素品种：

春雷霉素、多抗霉素、多杀霉素、井冈霉素、四霉素、中生菌素、农抗120、宁南霉素、阿维菌素、申嗪霉素、依维菌素、