介词的用法课件

介词的用法

介词(preposition)：也叫前置词。在英语里，它的搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子成分,需和名词或代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语及从句）构成介词短语，才能在句中充当成分。介词的用法介词(preposition)：也叫1一、介词的种类（1）简单介词：about,across,after,against,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beside,but,by,down,during,for,from,in,of,on,over,near,round,since,to,under,up,with等等。（2）合成介词：inside,into,outside,throughout,upon,without,within（3）介词短语：accordingto,alongwith,apartfrom,becauseof,infrontof,inspiteof,insteadof,owingto,upto,withregardto等等。一、介词的种类（1）简单介词：about,across,2二、介词短语的作用介词不单独作句子成分，其后跟名词、代词、数词、副词、短语、从句等作它的宾语，构成介词短语。1、作状语

通常位于句首或句尾，表时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、比较等。eg:Everybodyunderstoodexceptme.

除我之外，大家都理解了。

Icamehereformybriefcase.

我来这里拿公文包。

二、介词短语的作用介词不单独作句子成分，32、作定语

跟在所修饰的名词后面，作后置定语。eg:Theyhaverentedaflatofthreerooms.

他们租了一套三居室的公寓。

Theladyinredismysister-in-law.

穿红衣服的那位女士是我嫂子。2、作定语跟在所修饰的名词后面，作后置定语。4

3、作表语eg:SallyisinthelanguagelabwithTom

莎莉和汤姆在语音室。

WhathesaidisofgreathelptolearnersofEnglish.

他刚才的话对英语学习者很有帮助。

3、作表语eg:Sallyisinthelang54、作宾语补足语eg:Whatmakesyouinsuchahurry?

什么事使你这样匆匆忙忙？

Thedutyofthepoliceistokeepthecountryinorder.

警察的职责是维持国家秩序。4、作宾语补足语eg:Whatmakesyouin6三、部分介词用法辩异1、地点介词

1）at,in,byat表示把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”,in则把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间。此外，at用于表示在某一单位、机关，较抽象；in则较具体。by用在表示位置(有在旁、贴近、靠近之意)。如：Heworks

at

thepostoffice.

她在邮局上班。

Intherainweweresheltering

in

thepostoffice.我们在邮局里面避雨。

Ilive

inEngland,

atLondon.

我住在英国伦敦。(England大过London)

bythefire在炉边bytheseaside在海边

apathbytheriver沿河道路bythenearestroad走近路

三、部分介词用法辩异1、地点介词71.Thereisabookstore____theothersideofthestreet. A.in B.on C.for D.at2.MrsGreenhaslived____London____tenyears. A.at,for B.in,since C.in,for D.on,by

3.Thelittlegirlsawabeautifulbird____thetree.

A.on B.in C.into D.at

4.Hearrived____Shanghai____January5____10:00.

A.in,on,in B.at,on,on C.in,on,at D.in,on,by1.Thereisabooks82）on,over,above

on表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起；over表示一种越过，即“在……上方”；above表示一般的“高于……”，“在……之上”，一种垂直关系如：Thebookis

on

thetable.

书在桌子上。

Isthereanybridge

over

theriver?

河上有桥吗？

Therewasanelectricclock

above

hisbed.

他床头上有只电子钟。2）on,over,aboveon表示一9

1.Thereisabridge____theriver. A.on B.at C.belowD.over

2.Thelightwashanging_____hishead.

A.aboveB.onC.overD.across

3.AftersupperFatheralwayssits____achair,readingnewspapers.

A.aboveB.onC.overD.across

4.Theplanehasjustflown____myhead. A.onB.over C.above D.at

1.Thereisabridge103）under,below

under与below分别是over与above的反义词，即“在……下方”；below表示一般的“低于……”，“在……之下”。如：Theywereseen

under

thetree.

有人看到他们在树下。

ShallIwritemynameon,aboveor

below

theline?

我该把名字写在线上、还是线的上方或下方？

3）under,below111.Welaydown____atreetorest. A.under B.overC.aboveD.below

2.Thereisabook____thechair.

A.under B.overC.aboveD.below

3.Thisplaceis_____sealevel.

A.under B.overC.aboveD.below

4.Theboatispassing_____bridge.

A.under B.overC.aboveD.below

1.Welaydown____atreetor124）after,behind

after多用于表时间先后，而behind多半表位置或方向的前后。如：Shestood

behindatree.

她站在一棵树后。

Weshallleave

after

breakfast.

我们早饭后动身。4）after,behind131.Therearesomeflowers____thehouseA.behindB.afterC.belowD.above

2.Theschoolis___thepostoffice.

A.behindB.afterC.belowD.above

3.WecametoBeiJing_____6:00inthemorning.

A.behindB.afterC.belowD.above

4._____havingthebath,wewatchedTV.

A.behindB.afterC.belowD.above1.Therearesomeflow145）across,through,over,past

across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”；through强调“穿越”；over多表示从“上方越过”；past表示从“面前经过”。如：

Shewent

across

thestreettomakesomepurchases.

她穿过街道去买东西。

Thesunlightwascomingin

through

thewindow.

阳光透过窗户进来了。

Hefailedtogo

over

themountain;hehadtogoroundit.

他没能越过那座山，只有绕过去．

Someonehasjustgone

past

thewindow.

有人从窗前走过．

5）across,through,over,past151.Sheswam_____theriver.

A.throughB.acrossC.onD.above

2.YesterdayIwent_____theforest.

A.throughB.acrossC.onD.above

3.----Whowasgoing____mejustnow?

----Jim

A.throughB.acrossC.pastD.above

4.Thebirdflew_____thebuilding

A.throughB.acrossC.onD.over1.Sheswam_____theriver.

A.16２、时间介词１）for,since,during

for指“时间段”，since指“时间点”，during强调时间过程。during与for的区别：during所指的时间起止分明；如果一段时间不明确，就用for.如：Ihaven’tseenher

for

years.

我很多年没见过她了。

Heswimseveryday

during

thesummer.

整个夏天他每天游泳。

TheyhavebeeninHawaii

since

thewar.

战后他们一直住在夏威夷。２、时间介词１）for,since,during171.Ihavelivedhere__about1year.

A.forB.sinceC.duringD.at

2._____lastterm,IwaslearningEnglishinHighbirdallthetime.

A.forB.sinceC.duringD.at

3.IhadlivedinLondon_____lastyear.

A.forB.sinceC.duringD.at

4.Shestoodhere_____severalhours.

A.forB.sinceC.duringD.at

1.Ihavelivedhere_18２）“在...之后”in,after

in+一段时间（用于一般将来时）

after+一段时间（用于一般过去时）

after+一点时间（常用于一般将来时）如：Thebabystoppedcrying

after

halfanhour.那个婴儿半小时后停止了哭泣。

Thebabywillstopcryinginhalfanhour.

那个婴儿将在半小时后停止哭泣。

Theywillvisittheirteacher

afterFriday.

周五以后他们将去拜访他们的老师。２）“在...之后”in,afterin+一段时19３）at,in,on,by表示时间的区别

at表示特定的时间、节日、年龄:如：atdawn/atnight/atnoon/atmidnight/atforty/atChristmas

in表示一天中某段时间，指年、月、季节、周次：如：inthemorning/in2002/inMay/inthesecondweekofJuly/inwinteron表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的时间：如：onSundays/onherbirthday/onFridayevening/onthefirst

by(的时候、到、等到…已经)用在天、时间：如：byday白天(的时候)/by2o‘clock到两点钟/bythistime等到现在(已经)…

３）at,in,on,by表示时间的区别a201.Iwasborn____Oct.11th,2000.

A.onB.inC.atD.by

2.NewYearis_____January.

A.onB.inC.atD.by

3.Igotoschool____8:00a.m.everymorning

A.onB.inC.atD.by

4.Ihavelearnt2000Englishwords_____theendofthisyear.

A.onB.inC.atD.by

1.Iwasborn____O214)表示动作的介词to,toward

to表示向某处移动：如：Theyweredrivingtoworktogether.他们一同开车去工作。

She‘sgoingtothedentist’sofficethismorning.今早她去看牙医。

toward表示移向某处：

如：We‘removingtowardthelight.我们向灯光处移动。

Thisisabigsteptowardstheproject'scompletion.

这是对于工程的完成前进了一大步。

4)表示动作的介词to,towardto表示向某处移动225）表示“用”的介词用交通工具byplane用语言inEnglish通过媒介on/overthetelephone,on/overthe

radio,onTV用工具手段withapen,withone＇shands

5）表示“用”的介词用交通工具byplane231.Igotoschool____bikeeveryday.

A.byB.inC.onD.with

2.Ilikesingingasong____Russia.

A.byB.inC.onD.with

3.IwatchWorldCup____TV.

A.byB.inC.onD.with

4.Iwrite____apen

A.byB.inC.onD.with

1.Igotoschool___24四、常见的介词搭配１、名词+介词：

1.

approvalof批准

2.

awarenessof意识到

3.

graspof把握住

4.

hatredof憎恶

5.

desirefor要求、愿望

6.

fondnessfor爱好(I'veafondnessforcollectingstamps.)

7.

hopefor希望、期待(hopeforthebest乐观)

8.

needfor必要(Thereisnoneedforhurrying.)

9.

reasonfor有必须……的理由(havereasonfor...)

10.respectfor尊敬(haverespectfor...)

11.beliefin信任于

12.interestin对……有兴趣

13.successin成功、成就

四、常见的介词搭配１、名词+介词：25２、形容词+介词：

1.

afraidof(Heisnotafraidofanything.)

2.

awareof觉得

3.

capableof能(Thetankiscapableofholding8kg.ofwater.)

4.

fondof喜爱(He'sfondoffishing.)

5.

jealousof嫉妒于

6.

madeof用……制成的

7.

proudof对……感觉光荣(I'mproudofhisacquaintance.认识他是我的光

荣。)

8.

sureof确信(Youmaybesureofhishonesty.)

9.

tiredof厌倦的

10.carelessabout不关心、不重视

11.worriedabout自找烦恼

12.familiarwith熟悉于、精通于

13.interestedin兴趣于

14.sorryfor懊悔、觉得过意不去(Youwillbesorryforthissomeday.)

２、形容词+介词：263、动词+介词：１.careabout关心(Hedoesn'tcareaboutotherpeople.他不关心别人。)

2.

carefor喜欢(Wouldyoucareforacupofcoffee?你喜欢来杯咖啡吗？)

3.takecareof照顾(Takecareofyouseft.照顾自己喔。)

4.dreamabout梦到(Idreamtaboutyoulastnight.昨晚我梦到你。)

5.dreamof梦想(Ioftendreamofbeingrich.我时常梦想发达了。)

6.hearabout听到关于……的详情(HaveyouhearaboutJane?)

7.hearof听到……的事/话(Haveyouheardofaplacecalled'Mulu'?)

8.hearfrom得到……的消息(HaveyouheardfromAnnrecently?)

9.lookat注视、考察(Whyyoulookatmelikethat?)

10.lookfor找、指望(Canyouhelpmelookformykeys?)

11.lookafter照应、看守(Sheisill,sheneedssomeonetolookafterher.)

12.thinkabout思索、考虑(Whatareyouthinkingabout?)

13.thinkof想起、企图(HetoldmehisnamebutIcan'tthinkofitnow.)

3、动词+介词：271.星期二上午老师生他的气了.

____Tuesdaymorningtheteacherwasangry____him.

2.瞧!我的书和你的书不同.

Look!Mybookisdifferent____yours.

3.去年秋天张小姐和一个有钱人结了婚.

MissZhangwasmarried____arichmanlastautumn.

4.晚饭后父亲总是坐在椅子上读报.

AftersupperFatheralwayssits____achair,readingnewspapers.

5.我是用墨水写的信.

Ihavewrittentheletter____ink.

6.工作时不要讲话.

Doyourwork_______speaking.

7.父亲要我用自己的话把故事重讲一遍.

Fatherwantedmetoretellthestory____myownwords.

8.在老师的帮助下,他发现了自己的错误.

____thehelpoftheteachers,hefoundouthismistakes.

9.我们都穿着蓝色的衣服,而他们都穿着黑色的衣服

Weareall____white,while(而)theyareall____black.

10.前天我爷爷花了很多钱买书.

Mygrandfatherspentalotofmoney____booksthedaybefore

yesterday.

11.她握着我的手说:"你是个好孩子."

Sheheldme____thehandandsaid,"Youareagoodboy."

12.你买那本英汉词典花了多少钱?

Howmuchdidyoupay____theEnglish-Chinesedictionary?

13.除最后一个问题外,凯特回答了所有的问题.Kateansweredallthequestions______thelastone.

14.(从)上海到昆明的火车要穿过多少隧道?

Howmanytunnels(隧道)doesthetrainfromShanghaitoKunminggo_______?

15.雷锋总是先想到别人.

LeiFengalwaysthought____otherpeoplefirst.1.星期二上午老师生他的气了.

____Tuesday28WhatIsaLibrary?

Alibraryisacollection(收集)

books.Ifyouhavefiftyorsixty

books

home,thisisyourlibrary.

Alibraryisalsoabuilding

alargecollection

books

it.Therearelibraries

grown-ups(成年人)andlibraries

children.Peoplecangetbookstoreadthere.Wemust,ofcourse,take

themback

thelibrarywhenwewanttoreadthem

home.

Wemayborrowthreebooks

atimeandkeepthem

twoweeks.Ifwehavenotfinishedreadingabook

theend

twoweeks,wemaygo

thelibraryandsaythatwewanttorenewit

alongertime.

Mostlibrarieshavereadingrooms.

thereadingroomsthere

aretables.Youcansit

atableandreadanewspaper,amagazine

orabook.

thelibrarytherearebooks

poems(诗),travels(游

记),history,geographyandscience.Therearealsonovels(小说),books

shortstories,newspapersandmagazinesthere.

29介词用法口诀

早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。介词用法口诀

早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分30inthemorning/afternoon/eveninginthedayatdawn,atdaybreakatnoonatnight

atmidnightinthemorning/afternoon/31阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in，

Don'treadindimlight.

Theyarereviewingtheirlessonsinthebrightlight.

Theyaresittingintheshadeofatree.

aprisonerinirons

Hewentintheraintomeetmeatthestation.

Thepoordressed(clothed)inragsinoldsociety.

inthebrightsunlight

amerchantindisguise

thewomaninwhite(black,red,yellow)

inmourning

inbrownshoes?

inhisshirtsleeves

阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in，Don32

将来时态in...以后

Theywillcomebackin10days.I'llcomeroundinadayortwo.We‘llbebackinnotime.Comeandseemeintwodays‘time.(从现在开始)

after...(从过去开始)

将来时态in...以后

Theywillcome33小处at大处in

LiandIarrivedatHeishancountysafeandsound,alliswell.Don'tworry.Iliveinagreatcity(bigcity),mysisterlivesatasmalltownwhile小处at大处in

LiandIarrivedat34有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in;特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in

Theteacheriscorrectingthepaperwithanewpen.

"TakingTigerMountainbyStrategy"isagoodopera.

Ireallycan'texpressmyideainEnglishfreelyin-deed．

IwroteanovelinRussian.Thisboardwascastinbronzenotingold.

特征或状态：TheDemocraticPartywastheninpower.

Theyfoundthepatientinacoma.Hehasnotbeeningoodhealthforsomeyears.Manywhocameindespairwentawayinhope.

有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in;特征、35Thehousewasinruins.Thepoorgirlwasintears.Herclotheswereinrags.Hisshoeswereinholes.Shespokeingriefratherthaninanger.Thehousewasinruins.36介词at、to表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分

1.A．Shecameatme.

B．Shecametome.2．A．JakeranatJohn.

B．JakerantoJohn.3．A.Herushedatthewomanwithasword.

B.Herushedtothewomanwithasword.4．A．Heshoutedattheoldman.

B.Heshoutedtotheoldman.

5．A．IheardhermutteringatXiaoLi.

B．IheardhermutteringtoXiaoLi.

6．A.Shetalkedatyoujustnow.

B．Shetalkedtoyoujustnow.7．A．Shethrewaboneatthedog.B．Shethrew