英语口语全攻略口语能力12

表达今昔对⽐3DescribePastChanges-3谈论某个⽅⾯随着时代不同产⽣的变化：1-.理清思路：都有哪些变化？-这些变化是积极的（positive）?消极的（negative）？还是说出理由说不上是好是坏（neutral）？2-.组织语⾔：先表明⽴场再举例说明-3.Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?过去⼏⼗年来，你所在的国家教学⽅式有什么变化？理清思路—BrainstormingHowhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?Inthepast:••••lessstandardisedamongschoolsvarieddependingonteacherfewertestsmathsweretaughtasrulesHowhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?Now:••highlystandardisedmoretestsrequiredbythegovernment•mathsaretaughtaslogicinsteadofrules组织语⾔—OrganisingLanguage(NeutralChange)表明中⽴态度的常⻅句式（intro）••…hasexperiencedseveralchanges,someofwhichareandothersofwhichhavereceivedcriticism.Therehavebeenseveralchangesin…,butoverall,…isnotmuchbetterorworsethanbefore.Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?表明中⽴态度的常⻅句式（intro）：•Pedagogyhasexperiencedseveralchanges,someofwhichareandothersofwhichhavereceivedcriticism.pedagogy/ˈpedəgɒdʒi/–教育学，教学⽅法which–指代“changes”教育学上发⽣了⼀些变化，其中有些得到了⼴泛的好评，还有⼀些则备受批评。Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?表明中⽴态度的常⻅句式（intro）：•Therehavebeenseveralchangesinthewaysubjectsaretaughtinschools,butoverall,thestudentexperienceisnotmuchbetterorworsethanbefore.⼀些科⽬的教授⽅式发⽣了改变，但总的来说，学⽣的体验跟之前没什么变化。Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：只对⽐事实，没有明显倾向性Aftertherelativefreedomteachershadindecadespasttochoosehowtocovertheirmaterial,curriculahavebeenstandardisedacrossthe•••After…inthepastdecades–在经历了过去⼏⼗年的…以后…havebeen–⼀般评价、总结过去发⽣的变化，常⽤现在完成时curricula/kəˈrɪkjələ/–curriculum/kəˈrɪkjələm/复数；全部课程，课程设置Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：只对⽐事实，没有明显倾向性Aftertherelativefreedomteachershadindecadespasttochoosehowtocovertheirmaterial,curriculahavebeenstandardisedacrossthe过去⼏⼗年，⽼师能相对⾃由地选择怎么处理他们的教学材料，⽽现在全国的课程架构已经标准化了。Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：只对⽐事实，没有明显倾向性Therehasbeenamovementtowardsincreasedassessment,aspergovernmentmandatesinrecentyears.•近年来有向发展的趋Therehasbeenamovementtowards…inrecentyears–…势••根据按照（指示惯例Asper(instructions/usual…)–mandate–名词：授权，委托//Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：只对⽐事实，没有明显倾向性Therehasbeenamovementtowardsincreasedassessment,aspergovernmentmandatesinrecentyears.按照政府指示，近些年有增加考试测验的趋势。Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：只对⽐事实，没有明显倾向性Therehasbeenaparadigmshiftinthewaymathematicsareapproachedintheclassroom.taughtasasetofrulestomemorise,mathematicsisnowtaughtasasystemoflogic.•••Paradigm/ˈpærədaɪm/shift–范式/模式转换；⾏为或思维⽅式转换taughtas…–过去分词做状语，传统上是怎么教的，说明过去的情况。mathematicsisnowtaughtas…–主句⽤⼀般现在时，说明现阶段数学是怎么教的。Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：只对⽐事实，没有明显倾向性Thishasinvolvedanotinsignificantonthepartofteacherstoadapttothetimes.••涉及；包括involve–……adapttothetimes…–适应时代，与时俱进Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：只对⽐事实，没有明显倾向性Therehasbeenaparadigmshiftinthewaymathematicsareapproachedintheclassroom.taughtasasetofrulestomemorise,mathematicsisnowtaughtasasystemoflogic.Thishasinvolvedanotinsignificantonthepartofteacherstoadapttothetimes.⼈们对如何在课堂上教数学发⽣了认识上的转变。传统上是把数学当成⼀套规则教给学⽣去背，⽽现在是把数学当成⼀套逻辑来教。但这种转变中，从⽼师的⻆⾊来看，并没有下特别的功夫去与时俱进。⼤组织语⾔—OrganisingLanguage(PositiveChange)表明现在⽐过去好的常⻅句式（intro）••Therehavebeenremarkabledevelopmentsin…astheresultof.…Modernapproachesto…haveimpactedthe…invariousways.Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?表明现在⽐过去好的常⻅句式（intro）：•Therehavebeenremarkabledevelopmentsinpedagogyastheresultofongoingresearch.••remarkabledevelopmentsin…-在…⽅⾯⻓⾜的进步ongoing–持续的，进⾏中的持续的研究促成了教育学⽅⾯的⻓⾜进步。Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?表明现在⽐过去好的常⻅句式（intro）：•Mordenapproachestoteachinghaveimpactedtheclassroominvariousways.••anapproachtosth…-解决…的⽅法；处理…的途径theclassroom–⽤教室指代教学现代的教学⽅法以多种⽅式影响了课堂教学。Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：现在⽐过去好Backintheolddays,studentswereentirelydependentontheindividualexpertiseoftheandnotwoschoolsproducedthesamelevelofacademic•Backintheolddays,–在过去；⽤来引出过去的情况在过去，学⽣完全依赖⽼师个⼈的教学技能，然后没有两所学校提供的学术能⼒是同样⽔平的。Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：现在⽐过去好hasbeenequalisedacrosstheentiremeaningthatstudentsfromeconomicbackgroundshavethesameopportunitiestopreparefor•••beequalised–在这⾥等于bestandardised,同质化meaningthat…-意味着…，现在分词作状语，介绍主句说的事情的影响havethesameopportunitiestodosth.–有同样的机会…Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：现在⽐过去好Althoughunpopularwithstudents,morefrequentexaminationshavehadthedistinctadvantageofweedingoutincompetentteachersandidentifyingproblemareasforindividualstudents.••在⽅⾯有显著优势weedout…-淘汰Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：现在⽐过去好hasbeenequalisedacrosstheentiremeaningthatstudentsfromeconomicbackgroundshavethesameopportunitiestoprepareforAlthoughunpopularwithstudents,morefrequentexaminationshavehadthedistinctadvantageofweedingoutincompetentteachersandidentifyingproblemareasforindividualstudents.现在全国的教学已经统⼀化了，这意味着家庭经济状况不同的学⽣有同等的机会为上⼤学做准备。虽然学⽣们并不欢迎这种⽅式，但是更频繁的考试在淘汰不称职的⽼师、发现每个学⽣的薄弱环节这两⽅⾯有着显著的优势。Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：现在⽐过去好Mathematicsisonesubjectthathasseenchanges.Whatusedtobeaslogofrotememorisationhasmorerecentlybecomeakintoaninvestigationintotheunderlyingprinciplesthatgovernthesubject.•••••haveseenchanges…-经历了变化usedtobe–过去是…；⽤来介绍过去的⼀种和现在不⼀样的情况aslogof…–⼀顿苦⼲；slog=艰难进⾏，努⼒苦⼲rotememorisation–机械记忆，死记硬背morerecently–介绍近期的情况Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：现在⽐过去好Mathematicsisonesubjectthathasseenchanges.Whatusedtobeaslogofrotememorisationhasmorerecentlybecomeakintoaninvestigationintotheunderlyingprinciplesthatgovernthesubject.数学是⼀个经历了改变的科⽬。过去需要刻苦地死记硬背的⽅⾯，进来变成了类似于对主导着这个科⽬的潜在原则的探索研究。组织语⾔—OrganisingLanguage(NegativeChange)表明现在没有过去好的常⻅句式（intro）••…asawholeisgoingtothedogs,inmyopinion.WhenIhearabout…,Iamgratefulthat…wasnotyetthatbad.Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?表明现在没有过去好的常⻅句式（intro）：•Educationasawholeisgoingtothedogs,inmyopinion.••整体上说，总的来说asawhole…–gotothedogs…-…变差了在我看来，整体上来说教育是越来越渣了。Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?表明现在没有过去好的常⻅句式（intro）：•WhenIhearaboutIhearaboutwhatchildrenaregoingthroughthesedaysatschool,Iamgratefulthatmyschoolingwasnotyetthatbad.••我很感恩引语结构Iamgratefulthat…–schooling–学校教育,…()当我听到现在的⼩孩在学校经历了什么的时候，我就很感恩，我那会⼉受的学校教育没那么糟糕。Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：现在没有过去好Backwhenteachershadthefreedomtoteachhowevertheyliked,thestudentsbenefitedfromtheirpassionandexpertise.Nowtheteachersareboundbystrictrequirementsbythegovernment,andthestudentssufferforit.••••Backwhen…，–过去…的时候Now–说明现在的情况作对⽐beboundby…–受…束缚sufferfor…–苦于…；承受…的不良影响Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：现在没有过去好Backwhenteachershadthefreedomtoteachhowevertheyliked,thestudentsbenefitedfromtheirpassionandexpertise.Nowtheteachersareboundbystrictrequirementsbythegovernment,andthestudentssufferforit.过去⽼师能⾃由地按⾃⼰喜欢的⽅式教学的时候，学⽣受益于⽼师的热情和教学技能。现在⽼师受各种政府严格要求的束缚，结果就苦了学⽣。Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点：现在没有过去好Therehasbeenaworryingincreaseinthenumberoftestschildrenaretaking,andithasbeentakingitstollonthementalhealthofouryouth.Studentsdidnotalwayshavetoliveundersuchpressure.••worrying–让⼈担忧的ithasbeentakingitstollon–现在完成进⾏时，表示⼀个仍然在持续的趋势或现象；takeitstollonsth.–造成危害/不良恶果•英语喜欢⽤保守说法，不说的太绝对notalways–Howhasteachingchangedinyourcountryinthelastfewdecades?举例说明观点