2023年上海高考英语iread模考试卷第9期(23009) 含答案与默写与写作范文与听力文本和音频(附在文末)

试卷编号：23009

2023年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试

上海英语模拟试卷

iREAD中学英语测评（命题）研究中心

有发有专或品质俄试翅疫传"殍的利讲服务

I.ListeningComprehension

SectionAShortConversations

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheend

ofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,read

thefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestion

youhaveheard.

1.A.She'sanewstudent.

B.Shethinksthemanisright.

C.Sheinvitedthemantoaparty.

D.Sheplanstosendoutalltheinvitations.

2.A.HetookBilltothehospital.

B.Heforgottocallthewoman.

C.He'ssorrythewomanhurtherself

D.Hedidn'tknowwhathospitalBillwasin.

3.A.Shewon'tseetheprofessoruntilnextweek.

B.Shehasn'theardfromtheprofessorinaweek.

C.Sheonlyjustfoundoutabouttheeconomicspaper.

D.Theclasshasextratimetocompletetheassignment.

4.A.Thedoctorhasstoppedseeingnewpatients.

B.Thedoctor'sofficewillbeclosedtomorrow.

C.Thedoctor5sscheduleisfilledtomorrow.

D.Thedoctorcanseethemantomorrow.

5.A.WhatJoewaswearing.B.WhereJoewillmeether.

C.Whatthetopicofthemeetingis.D.Wherethemeetingisbeingheld.

6.A.Gotothelibrary.B.Checkhercalendar.

C.Attendtheconcert.D.Getexercise.

7.A.They'reextremelynoisy.

B.Theyshouldhavearrivedbynow.

C.They'renotonadefiniteschedule.

D.Theyshouldbeallowedtoflythere.

8.A.She'sveryinterestedintheidea.

B.Shecan'taffordaholidayinJune.

C.She'sdoubtfulabouttheweatherinJune.

D.Shethinkstheyshouldinvitemorepeople.

9.A.Hewillgetangrysoon.B.He'salsoreadyfbrdinner.

C.Hewantstobuysomecandy.D.Heboughtthewomansomechocolate.

10.A.Sheneedstocleanthelab.B.Shedidn'tcleantheapartment.

C.Shefindsherroommatequitemessy.D.She'Dhelpthemancleanhisapartment.

iRead中学英语测评（命题）研究中心高三学生版1/11试卷编号：23009

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyou

willbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandthe

conversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouheara

question,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebest

answertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.Toprovidebackgroundinformationforaclassdiscussion.

B.Topreparestudentsforthenextreadingassignment.

C.Toreviewmaterialfromapreviouslesson.

D.Toprepareforaquizonchaptersix.

12.A.Thedistancethegoodshadtobeshipped.

B.Thenumberofinsurancecompaniesavailableatthetime.

C.Theamountofdangerinvolvedinshippingthegoods.

D.Thetypeofshipsusedtotransportthegoods.

13.A.Justfourtypesofpoliciesstillexisttoday.

B.Theyincludefeaturessimilartoearlierpolicies.

C.TheyarecheaperthantheonesintheMiddleAges.

D.Theinterestratesarebasedonearlymethodsofcalculation.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Toexplainthefunctionofsomebodyparts.

B.Toexplainwhysomechildrendevelopslowly.

C.Todescribehowchildrencrawl,stand,andwalk.

D.Todescribeearlyphysicaldevelopmentinchildren.

15.A.Movingthehead.B.Crawling.

C.Controllingthearms.D.Kicking.

16.A.Whenthechild'sbrainmatures.

B.Whenlongnervefibersdisappear.

C.Whenthechildmovesitsbodyinnewways.

D.Whenthechildperformsanacquiredskillmorerapidly.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.For16minutes.B.For40minutes.C.Fortwominutes.D.For30minutes.

18.A.Thelinewillbecomeinvisible.

B.Thelinewillthusbecomeslippery.

C.Theywillkeepthecarmovingfaster.

D.Theywillgetthepassengersdepressed.

19.A.Unbelievable.B.Impossible.C.Necessary.D.Amazing.

20.A.England.B.Germany.C.Japan.D.France.

iRead中学英语测评（命题）研究中心高三学生版2/11试卷编号：23009

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof

thegivenword;fbrtheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

DiscoveringaBrother

KieronGrahamalwaysknewhehadanolderbrother.Hisadoptionpapers,signedandsealed

whenhewasthreemonthsold,listedabrothernamedVincentbutnolastname.ThoughKieron

spentyears(21)(think)aboutVincent,hecouldnevertrackhimdown.

ThatchangedinDecember2017,(22)Kieron'sadoptiveparentsgavetheirfour

adoptedchildrenAncestryDNAtestsasChristmasgifts.Kieron,now21,senthissaliva(唾液)

sampleinforanalysis.Whenhisresultscameback,hewassurprisedtofindhehadsomeDNA

matchesfbrrelativeswho(23)(take)thetest,too.Mostweredistantconnections,but

onematchwassostrongthatit(24)(label)“closefamily”.HisnamewasVincentGhant.

Kieronlookedfbrhimonlineandsoonmadeapossibleconnection.uThisisgoingtosoundso

wild...butyouseem(25)(be)mybrother,Kieronwroteontheinstantmessagingapp.

“Iwasgivenup(26)adoptionin1997anditsaysonmypaperworkthatmymother

hasasonwithyournameandyourbirthdate.HernameisShawn.”

“OMGdoyouknowyourrealname?"wroteVincent,now30.

“IthinkitwasTyler.55

“OMGYES!!!Youaremybrother.^^

“Wow,"wroteKieron.

“Thisiscrazy,“saidVincent.

Thecrazinesswasjustbeginning.Astheytalked,thebrothersrealizedtheylivedabout20

minutesfromeachother,outsideofAtlanta.Moremind-blowing,theyattendedthesameuniversity

andmajoredandminoredinthesamesubjects:politicalscienceandlegalstudies.

“Whataretheoddswe'reseparatedourentirelivesandthenendupatthesameschoolwith

thesameinterests?”saysKieron.

Nowthebrothershadthechancetomakeupforthe(27)(lose)time.Theydecided

tomeetatalocalteashopthatweek."Iwasreallynervous,saysKieron.

“Iwaswondering(28)Ishouldsay."Ashewaitedoutsidetheshop,heheard

someonecallhisname,andhesuddenlyfound(29)inahugwiththebrotherhe'dthought

abouthisentirelife.

Themenwentinsideandtalked.4<Weconnected,saysVincent,cc(30)

wealreadykneweachother.”

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybe

usedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.affectedB.communityC.conditionD.contactE.decreasedF.delivered

G.fearfulH.intensityI.meaningfulJ.seriousK.unrealistic

iRead中学英语测评（命题）研究中心高三学生版3/11试卷编号：23009

Loneliness

The2018AustralianlonelinessreportbytheAustralianPsychologicalSocietyandSwinburne

UniversityfoundoneinfourAustraliansfeellonely,withmanyreportinganxietyaboutsocialising

and30percentsayingtheydidn'tfeelpartofagroupoffriends.Bothyoungandoldpeopleare

31,thoughpeopleover65aretheleastlonely."Peopletellmetheirfriendsdon'tringthem

anymore,saysWilliamYeates,whonowrunswebinarstobringpeopletogetherothers.c<Onelady

toldmeshedoesn'tgetanyvisitors;theonlytimeshehasanyhuman32isintheweekly

webinar.Iinvitedheroutforlunchbutshecouldn5tdoit.Shewastoo33

Worryingly,oneineightyoungpeopleaged18-25reportaveryhigh34ofloneliness,and

aremorelikelythanolderpeopletofeelgreaterlevelsofsocialanxiety.Evenschool-agedchildren

reportfeelinglonelyandisolatedandsaytheydon'thave35connectionswithpeoplearound

them.

Whilepeoplehavealwaysfeltlonely-ifspartofthehuman36—there?snodoubtthat

themodemworld,withlongercommutingtimesandgreaternumbersofpeoplelivingalone,has

worsenedthetrend.IreneVerins,amanageratMentalWellbeing,VicHealth,sayslonelinessin

youngerpeopleaged18to25isoftendrivenby37expectationsbasedonsocialmedia.

So38islonelinessinternationallythattheUKgovernmentappointedaMinisterfbr

Lonelinessandin2011launchedaCampaigntoEndLoneliness.Ifsestimatedthatevery£1spent

onrelievinglonelinessinBritainhas39a£2-£3savingincostsfortheeconomy.That5sbecause

thelonelinessofindividualpeopleimpactsthesocialtogethernessofthewhole40.Thefewer

lonelypeople,thelowerthehealthcarecostsandthegreaterthewellbeingofeveryone.uThisis

nationalissue,55saysVerins.

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

HowdidCapeTown,SouthAfrica,getintoaDayZerosituation-whenthecity'stapswould

godrybecauseitsreservoirs（水库）wouldbecomedangerouslylowonwater?Thecitygetsits

waterfromsixreservoirsinWesternCapeprovince,whichusually41duringtherainyseason,

fromMaythroughAugust.Butsince2015theregionhasbeensufferingfromtheworstdrought（干

旱）inacentury,andthewaterinthosereservoirs42tremendously.Compoundingtheproblem,

CapeTown'spopulationhasgrownsubstantially,increasing43.Thecityactuallydidapretty

goodjobbyreducingleaksinthesystem,amajorcauseofwaterwaste,andhasevenwonawards

fbrits44policies.ButthegovernmentofSouthAfricawasslowtodeclareanationaldisaster

intheareashithardestbythedrought,pavingthewayfbrtherecent45.

CapeTownisnot46.Since2014southeasternBrazilhasbeensufferingitsworstwater

shortagein80years,47decreasedrainfall,climatechange,poorwatermanagement,de­

forestationandotherfactors.AndmanycitiesinIndiadonothaveaccesstomunicipalwaterfor

morethanafewhoursaday,ifatall.48,thecityofShimlaranoutofdrinkingwaterinMay,

urginglocalstobegtouriststostayawayfromthepopularHimalayansummerresort.

iRead中学英语测评（命题）研窕中心高三学生版4/11试卷编号：23009

IntheU.S.,thesituationissomewhatbetter,butmanyurbancentersstill49waterproblems.

California^recentmultiyeardroughtledtosomeofthestate'sdriestyearsonrecord.Sinceabout

halfofthestate'surbanwaterusageisforlandscaping,itwasabletocutbackonthatfairlyeasily.

Butcitiesthatusemostoftheirwaterformoreessentialuses,suchasdrinkingwater,maynotbe

so50.

51,stepscanbetakentoavoidurbanwatercrises.Ingeneral,auportfblioapproach55that

reliesonmultiplewatersourcesisprobablymost52.CapeTownhasalreadybegunimplementing

anumberofwaterprojects,includingtappinggroundwaterandbuildingwater-recyclingplants.

Manyothercitieswillneedtorepairexistingwaterinfrastructure（基础建设）tocutdownon

leakage.Cityleadersshouldbethinkingaboutmeetinglong-termneedsratherthanjustabout53

requirements.Goodorganizationandfinancialaccountabilityareequallycritical.Andplanning

effortsshouldincludediversestakeholders（利益相关者）fromthecommunity.Onemajor

challengeisprovidingservicestoinformalareas,whichdevelopwithoutanygovernmentforesight.

Suchregionsoften54basicresources-awell-plannedwatersupplyamongthem.Theglobal

communityhasanopportunityrightnowtotakeactiontopreventaseriesofDayZerocrises.Ifwe

don5tact,manycitiesmaysoonfaceatimewhenthereisn'tadropto55.

41.A.takeoverB.fillupC.makeoffD.setout

42.A.decreasedB.roseC.remainedD.drowned

43.A.likelihoodB.proportionC.demandD.efficiency

44.A.architectureB.agricultureC.economyD.conservation

45.A.policyB.growthC.crisisD.change

46.A.enoughB.possibleC.difficultD.alone

47.A.makingupfbrB.resultingfrom

C.takingadvantageofD.lookinginto

48.A.InawordB.BycomparisonC.WhafsworseD.Forexample

49.A.avoidB.solveC.discussD.face

50.A.passiveB.purposefulC.adaptableD.reliable

51.A.SimilarlyB.FortunatelyC.InitiallyD.Alternatively

52.A.questionableB.memorableC.effectiveD.confusing

53.A.dailyB.legalC.maximumD.normal

54.A.neglectB.lackC.provideD.find

55.A.drinkB.pourC.placeD.record

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethe

onethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

Agreatdealcanbelearnedfromtheactualtracesofancienthumanmovement:thefootprints

ofearlyhominids（原始人类）.Thebest-knownspecimens（标本）aretheremarkabletracks

discoveredatLaetoli,Tanzania,byMaryLeaky.Thesewereleftbysmallhominidsaround3.6to

3.75millionyearsago.

iRead中学英语测评（命题）研究中心高三学生版5/11试卷编号:23009

ExaminationoftheshapeoftheprintsrevealedtoMaryLeakeythatthefeethadaraisedarch,

aroundedheel（脚星艮），apronouncedball,andabigtoethatpointedforward.Thesefeatures,

togetherwiththeweight-bearingpressurepatterns,resembledtheprintsofupright-walkingmodem

humans.Thepressuresimposedalongthefoot,togetherwiththelengthofstep,whichaveraged87

centimeters,indicatedthatthehominidshadbeenwalkingslowly.Inshort,allthedetectable

featuresimpliedthatthefeetthatleftthefootprintswereverylittledifferentfromthoseof

contemporaryhumans.

Adetailedstudyhasbeenmadeoftheprintsusingphotogrammetry,atechniquefbrobtaining

measurementsthroughphotographs,whichcreatedadrawingshowingallthecurvesandshapesof

theprints.Theresultemphasizedthattherewereatleastsevenpointsofsimilaritywithmodem

prints,suchasthedepthoftheheelimpression,andthedeepimprintofthebigtoe.Footprintsthus

provideusnotmerelywithrareimpressionsofthesofttissueofearlyhominids,butalsowith

evidenceofuprightwalkingthatinmanywaysisclearerthancanbeobtainedfromtheanalysisof

bones.

Thestudyoffossilfootprintsisnotrestrictedtoexamplesfromsuchremoteperiods.Hundreds

ofprintsareknown,fbrexample,inFrenchcavesdatingfromtheendofthelastIceAge,

approximately10,000yearsago.ResearchbyLeonPaleshasprovidedinformationaboutthisperiod.

56.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.ThecareerofMaryLeakey.

B.Theanalysisoffootprintspecimens.

C.Accuratedatingofhominidremains.

D.Behavioralpatternsofearlyhumans.

57.Thefigureof87centimetersmentionedinparagraph2referstothesizeofthe.

A.hominidsfeet

B.hominidsbodies

C.stepstakenbythehominids

D.objectscarriedbythehominids

58.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“heelimpression“inparagraph3?

A.Toindicatetheweightofearlyhominids.

B.Toemphasizethesizeofthehominidsfoot.

C.Tohintatapossibleinjurythehominidhadsuffered.

D.Togiveanexampleofsimilaritytomodemhumanfootprints.

59.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthefootprintsfoundinFrenchcavesmentionedinthelastparagraph?

A.TheyshowmoredetailsthantheLaetoliprints.

B.TheyarenotasinformativeastheLaetoliprints.

C.TheyareofmorerecentoriginthantheLaetoliprints.

D.TheyaremoredifficulttostudythantheLaetoliprints

（B）

Theelementsotherthanhydrogenandhelium（氮气）existinsuchsmallquantitiesthatitis

accuratetosaythattheuniversesomewhatmorethan25percentheliumbyweightandsomewhat

lessthan25percenthydrogen.

iRead中学英语测评（命题）研究中心高三学生版6/11试卷编号：23009

Astronomershavemeasuredtheamountofheliumthroughoutourgalaxy（星系）andinother

galaxiesaswell.Heliumhasbeenfoundinoldstars,inrelativelyyoungones,andinthedistant

objectsknownasquasars.Heliumnucleihavealsobeenfoundincosmicraysthatfallontheearth

（cosmic"rays"arenotreallyaformofradiation;theyconsistofrapidlymovingparticles（颗粒）of

numerousdifferentkinds）.Itdoesn'tseemtomakeverymuchdifferencewheretheheliumisfound.

Itsamountneverseemstovarymuch.Insomeplaces,theremaybeslightlymoreofit;inothers,

slightlyless,buttheproportionofheliumtohydrogennucleialwaysremainsaboutthesame.

Heliumiscreatedinstars.Infact,nuclearreactionsthatturnhydrogentoheliumare

responsiblefbrmostoftheenergythatstarsproduce.However,theamountofheliumthatcould

havebeenproducedinthismannercanbecalculated,anditturnsouttobenomorethanafew

percent.Theuniversehasnotexistedlongenoughfbrthisfiguretobesignificantlygreater.

Consequently,iftheuniverseissomewhatmorethan25percentheliumnow,thenitmusthavebeen

about25percentheliumatatimenearthebeginning.

However,whentheuniversewaslessthanoneminuteold,noheliumcouldhaveexisted.

Calculationsindicatethatbeforethistimetemperaturesweretoohighandparticlesofmatterwere

movingaroundmuchtoorapidly.Itwasonlyaftertheone-minutepointthatheliumcouldexist.By

thistime,theuniversehadcooledsufficiently.Butthenuclearreactionsthatledtotheformationof

heliumwentonforonlyarelativelyshorttime.Bythetimetheuniversewasafewminutesold,

heliumproductionhadeffectivelyceased.

60.Accordingtothepassage,heliumis.

A.difficulttodetect

B.theoldestelementintheuniverse

C.acommonelementinquasars

D.thesecondelementintheuniverseinamount

61.Whydoestheauthormention“cosmicrays“inparagraph2?

A.Toexplainhowtheuniversebegan.

B.Aspartofalistofthingscontaininghelium.

C.Asanexampleofanunsolvedastronomicalpuzzle.

D.Toexplaintheabundanceofhydrogenintheuniverse.

62.Mostoftheheliumintheuniversewasformed.

A.ininvisiblespace

B.inaveryshorttime

C.beforemostofthehydrogen

D.duringthefirstminuteoftheuniverse'sexistence

（C）

EveryyearmillionsofbreedingmonarchbutterfliesintheU.S.andsouthernCanadasearch

formilkweedplantsonwhichtolaytheireggs.Concernovershrinkinghabitat（居住地）hasurged

conservationiststocreatemonarch-friendlyspacesalongroadsides,whicharemorethanenough

withinthebutterflies5rangeandusuallypubliclyowned.Buttrafficnoisestressesmonarch

caterpillarsout,anewstudyfinds.Theyeventuallydobecomedesensitizedtoit-butthatmight

causetroubletothemlateron,too.

iRead中学英语测评（命题）研究中心高三学生版7/11试卷编号：23009

Noisepollutionisknowntoaflfectthelivesofbirds,whalesandothercreatures.Butuntil

recently,scientistshadnevertestedwhetheritleadstoastressresponseininsects.WhenAndy

Davis,aconservationphysiologistattheUniversityofGeorgia,noticedonlinevideosofroadside

monarchcaterpillarsapparentlytremblingascarscameby,hewonderedhowtheconstantnoise

mightaffectthem.Davisbuiltacustomcaterpillarheartmonitor,fittingasmallsensorintoa

microscopetopreciselymeasuremonarchcaterpillarsJheartratesastheylistenedtorecordingsof

trafficsoundsinthelaboratory.

Theheartsofcaterpillarsexposedtohighwaynoisefortwohoursbeat17percentfasterthan

thoseofcaterpillarsinasilentroom.Buttheheartratesofthenoise-exposedgroupreturnedto

baselinelevelsafterhearingthetrafficsoundsnonstopfortheirentire12-daydevelopmentperiod,

DavisandhiscolleaguesreportedinMayinBiologyLetters.

Thisdesensitizationcouldbeproblematicwhenthecaterpillarsbecomeadults,Davissays.A

rapidstressresponseisvitalformonarchbutterfliesontheirtwo-monthjourneytospendwintersin

Mexico,astheynarrowlyescapepredators（捕食者）andfightwindcurrents.

Whetheranoisydevelopmentalperiodreducesmonarchs'survivalratesremainsunknown,

notesRyanNorris,anecologistattheUniversityofGuelphinOntario,whowasnotinvolvedinthe

study.Butinanycase,hebelievesroadsidehabitatalmostcertainlydriveupthebutterflies5death

ratesasaresultofcrasheswithcars.uThereissomuchpotentialroadhabitatformonarchsand

otherinsects—itwouldbesuchanicethingtocapitalizeon,“Norrissays."Butyoujustcan'tget

aroundthetraffic.^^Davisadds:"Ithinkroadsandmonarchsjustdon'tmix.”

63.By“Theyeventuallydobecomedesensitizedtoit”,thewritermeansthat.

A.monarchcaterpillarsreactlessstronglytonoise

B.monarchcaterpillarsarestressedoutbyroadnoise

C.conservationistsareworriedaboutbutterflies9habitat

D.conservationistsnolongercreatemonarch-friendlyspaces

64.WhatinspiredAndyDavistoexploretheeffectofnoiseonmonarchcaterpillars?

A.Therehadbeenlittleresearchonmonarchcaterpillars.

B.Videosshowedcarscrashedintomonarchcaterpillars.

C.Therewasnosuchrecordofmonarchcaterpillars9heartrates.

D.Hefoundthatmonarchcaterpillarsshookwithcarsmovingby.

65.AccordingtoAndyDavis,howwillexposuretonoiseinfluencemonarchbutterflies?

A.Theyarelikelytoneedmoretimetodevelop.

B.Theyarelikelytolosetheirwayontheirjourney.

C.Theyaremorelikelytobekilledintheirmigration.

D.Theyaremorelikelytodiebeforetheybecomeadults.

66.WhatisRyanNorrismostlikelytoagreewith?

A.Monarchs5survivalratesaredecreasingeachyear.

B.Itisnotrecommendedthatroadsidehabitatbebuiltforinsects.

C.Morecapitalisneededtostudymonarchs5developmentalperiod.

D.Butterflies5risingdeathrateshavenothingtodowithmovingcars.

iRead中学英语测评（命题）研究中心高三学生版8/11试卷编号：23009

SectionC

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecan

beusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Theearlysuccessofthekioskssuggeststhat,atleastwhenorderingfastfood,customersprize

speedoverhigh-touchcustomerservice.

B.Businessownersinsistthatrobotswilltakeoverworkthatisdirty,dangerous,orjustdull,

enablinghumanstofocusonothertasks.

C.Thebetterhopeforworkersmightbethatautomationhelpsthefood-serviceindustrycontinue

todevelop.

D.Butovertime,customersreliedlessfrequentlyonthegreeters.

E.Thecostofmachineshasfallensignificantlyinrecentyears,dropping40percentsince2005.

F.Thishastypicallybeenthestoryofautomation:Technologyeliminatesoldjobs,butitalso

createsnewones.

IronCooks

RobotshavearrivedinAmericanrestaurantsandhotelsforthesamereasonstheyfirstarrived

onfactoryfloors.67Labor,meanwhile,isgettingexpensive,assomecitiesandstatespass

lawsraisingtheminimumwage.

“Wethinkwe'vehitthepointwherelabor-wageratesarenowmakingautomationofthose

tasksmakealotmoresense,55BobWright,thechiefoperationsofficerofthefast-foodchain

Wendy*s,saidinaconferencecallwithinvestorslastFebruary,referringtojobsthatfeature

''repetitiveproductiontasks."Wendy'sandMcDonald9sareintheprocessofinstallingself-service

kiosks（售货亭）inlocationsacrossthecountry,allowingcustomerstoorderwithoutevertalkingto

anemployee.

68TheinternationalchainCaliBurger,fbrexample,willsooninstallFlippy,arobot

thatcanmake150burgersanhour.JohnMiller,theCEOofCaliGroup,whichownsthechain,says

employeesdon'tlikeworkinginthekitchen.Oncetherobotsaresweatingthere,humanemployees

willbefreetointeractwithcustomersinmore-targetedways,bringingthemextranapkinsand

askingthemhowthey'reenjoyingtheirburgers.

Howmanyemployees,though,doyouneedworkinginthecafe?69Willcompanies

likeCaliBurgerseesufficientvalueinemployinghumangreetersandsoup-and-sandwichdeliverers

tokeepthosepositionsaroundlong-tenn?

TheexperienceofEatsamaybeinstructive.Thestart-uprestaurant,basedinSanFrancisco,

allowscustomerstoorderitsquinoabowlsandsaladsontheirsmartphoneoranin-storetabletand

thenpickuptheirorderfromawhitewallofcubbies（小房间）一anAutomatfbrtheappage.

Initially,twogreeterswerestationedalongsidethecubbiestowelcomeanddirectcustomers.70

Sothecompanynowemploysasinglegreeterinitsrestaurants.

IVSummaryWriting

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthe

passageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

iRead中学英语测评（命题）研究中心高三学生版9/11试卷编号：23009

AdvertisingObjectives

Whendevelopingasuccessfuladvertisingcampaign,marketersmustfirstsetanadvertising

objective.Theobjectiveisthepurpose