2023北京海淀高三（上）期末英语试卷含答案

2023北京海淀高三（上）期末

英语

本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无

效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题海小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在

答题纸上将该项涂黑。

We'veallheardthesaying"Laughteristhebestmedicine^^.Andtheremightbesomethinginthisidiom.

Numerousstudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoreportgreater]tendtohavebettermedicaloutcomes.

Forinstancea2017studyattheUniversityofNottinghamtestedtheeffectofmoodon138retirees2

thenormalfluinjection.Thosewhofelthappyonthedayofthevaccinationwentonto3moreflu-fighting

antibodies.EarlierworkatYaleUniversityandtheUniversityofFloridahasalsoshownthatpeople'smoodaffects

theactivationofgenesthatfightdisease.

Butdoeshappinessleadtogood4.orisittheotherwayaround?Afterall,itcouldbethatpeoplewho

havestrongimmunesystems5havehigherlevelsofothermood-improvingbrainchemicalsaswell.

Hereisapossibleevolutionary6.Humansevolvedassocialcreaturesthatcooperateingroupsto

7foodandprotectthemselvesfromwildanimals.Wewerehappierwitha（n）8networkoffriendsand

familybecausethisimprovedourchancesofsurvival.Butcloselysocializinggroupsarealsobreedinggroundsfor

respiratory（呼吸的）9suchasfluandcolds,sowewouldhaveneededtoincreasetheactivityofthegenes

thatfightthesediseases.

Forthosewhowere10fromsociety,however,infectiousdiseasewaslessofaproblem,andgenesthat

helprecoverfromphysicalinjurymayhavebeenprioritizedinsteadoftheonesthatfightdisease.

1.A.successB.confidenceC.happinessD.determination

2.A.avoidingB.receivingC.missingD.organizing

3.A.produceB.repairC.detectD.absorb

4.A.healthB.moodC.relationshipD.performance

5.A.graduallyB.naturallyC.randomlyD.rarely

6.A.solutionB.predictionC.applicationD.explanation

7.A.consumeB.serveC.secureD.purchase

8.A.fixedB.enormousC.complicatedD.close

9.A.functionsB.infectionsC.activitiesD.systems

10.A.cutoffB.takenoverC.pickedoutD.madeup

第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Afterearningamaster'sdegreein2016,HuangWenxiureturnedtoBaise,herhometown,insteadofseekinga

careerinBeijing."Icomefrom11remotemountainousvillage.Quiteanumberoffolks12

(struggle)withpovertythere,soallIwishistodomyparttoimprovetheirlives/5sheoncesaid.Huangvolunteered

tojointhegrassrootspovertyalleviation(扶贫)effort.Sheinvitedexpertstotellthevillagers13theycould

improveproduction.Shepersuadedthevillagerstoexpandtheplantingareaandencouragede-commercesales.418

peoplefrom88householdswereliftedoutofpovertythankstoherefforts.

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Governmentsatalllevelshavemadecontinuouseffortstoreducethefinancialburdenonhouserenters,

especiallythose14arenewcollegegraduates.AreportbytheMeadinAcademysaysthatcollege

graduates」5(survey)prefertoliveinapartmentsnearthecompaniesorrailwaystationstofacilitatetheir

commute(通勤).Astohouserents,mostcollegegraduatesstillneed16(assistant)fromtheirparentsand

onlyabout20percentofthempaytherentthemselves.17(help)lowerthefinancialburdensofyoung

people,manygovernmentsandcompanieshavegiventheirsupportinhouserentals.

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Withthepopularityofcycling,manycitieshavecombinedtheirtourismcharacteristicstolaunchthemedroutes.

Fromindoorexhibitions18outdoorconcertsandnightcyclingalongtheSouthCentralAxis(轴),aseries

ofactivities19(introduce)nextmonthsothaturbanresidentscanenjoythemselves.Anofficialofthe

ChinaTourismAcademysaid,"Asmasstourismgrowsinpopularity,onlyhigh-qualityoutdoortourismproductscan

attractvisitorsandtheintegrationofmicro-vacationproductswithoutdoorsportsproducts20(have)a

broadspacefordevelopment.^^

第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该

项涂黑。

A

BestGiftsforEveryTypeofMom

DoyouwanttorewardMomwithNewYeargifts?Millionsofproductsareofferedonline,butdon'tgetscared

away.Wehavedonetheworkforyoubyselectingbestgiftideasforeverytypeofmom.Justclick“Addtocarf,to

showerMomwithlove.

DaintyEarrings-BestfortheJewelryLover

Madefromsterlingsilver,theearringsarelightweightandperfectforeverydaywear.They'realsoidealfor

anyonewithsensitiveears.Amongthe8,000plusfive-starreviewers,AprilFarmerconfirm:this,saying,44Justabout

everymaterialirritates（喇J激）myears,butIhavehadtheseinforthreemonthsnow-andnoirritation,nocolor

changing,orfadingofsilver.Ican'teventelltheyarein!”

KSLunchBag-BestfortheWorkingMom

Thisin-disguisecoolerbagwillputasmileonmom'sfaceduringlunchhour.Withthousandsoffive-star

reviewers,thefashionableandfunctionalKSbaghasaninsulatedlining（隔热的内衬）thathelpskeepfoodand

beveragesfresh,andaninsidepocketthatholdsutensils.Plus,thesoft,lightweightdesignmakesiteasytobring

anywhere.

BrevilleExpress-BestfortheCoffeeLover

Talkaboutamorningboost!IfMomisatruecoffeelover,she'sdreamedofowningahigh-endespressomachine.

Nowyoucanmakethatdreamareality.TheBrevilleExpress,whichhasmorethan14,000five-starreviews,comes

ineitherblackorstainlesssteelsurfacesandoffersthesamedose-controlledgrinding（研磨）that'snormallyreserved

forfancycoffeeshops.

BeckhamPillows-BestfortheOneWhoNeedsaGoodNighfsSleep

Shedeservesapeacefulnight'srestafterallthehardworkshedoeseveryday,andshe'llgetjustthatwiththese

Beckhampillows.Thesetoftwoaffordablecoolinggelpillowsisidealforback,stomachandsidesleepers.Itoffers

much-neededtemperatureregulationthatwillkeephermorecomfortablethanever.Ifsabestsellerwithmorethan

126,000five-starreviews,soit'sprettymuchahit.

21.AprilFarmer'sreviewindicatesthattheDaintyEarringsare.

A.durableandfancyB.simpleandunique

C.stylishandvaluableD.lightandskin-friendly

22.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat.

A.DaintyEarringsarebestforformaloccasions

B.KSLunchBagissilver,portableandinsulated

C.BrevilleExpressfeaturesfineandquickgrinding

D.BeckhamPillowssuitdifferentsleepingpositions

23.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?

A.Agenciessellingproductstomoms.

B.Peopleseekinggiftsfortheirmoms.

C.Momsplanningtorewardthemselves.

D.Salesmenstudyingmoms'preferences.

B

It'sthegreenwallofherschoolswimmingpoolthatJillCravenremembersbest,asshefeltherteacher'shand

onherhead,guidingherunderwater."Youknowhowtimeslows?Goingunder.Watching...”shesays.

ThiswasinPalmerstonNorth,whenshewasfive.Whileherthreeoldersiblingscouldswimhalfamileormore,

shewoulddoanythingtoavoidswimminglessons.Inher20s,shemovedtoLondontopursueacareerinjournalism.

Sheinsistedshehadneverfearedforhercareer,butshestillhadthislifelongfearofbeingunderwater.

However,whensheretired,Cravenwasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer,andwasadvisedtoswimaspartofher

recovery.Stillfindingthefearundefeatable,shetookupwaterjogginginstead-liketreadingwater（踩水），but

moving-withafloatationaidaroundhermiddle.Shecouldgetherfeetofthebottomofthepoolforaquickdoggy

paddle,butanythingmorewasbeyondher.

Onedayatthepool,shesawagroupofchildrenhavingalesson.Itwasanindoorpool,niceandwarm,andthe

childrenwerefiveorsix."Ijustthought,ifstimetodothis,“shesays."WhoknowswhatIlookedlike.Anegg

beater,shecontinues.didfivestrokes,orsix.Iwassoproudofmyself,.Thenalifeguardencouragedherto

continueandtoldherhowtobreathe.Afriendgavehergoggles.HernieceJustinewalkedbesidethepoolclapping,

andCravenfeltasifshehadwonagoldmedal.JustineboughtCravenlessonsforher69thbirthday.Beforelong,

Cravenhadswumalengthwithherfaceinthewater.

Whenherinstructortoldhertositonthebottomofthepool,Cravenfeltlikegoingbacktobeingafive-year-

old.Shehungontothestairsasshewentdown.Butshedidit!Shestayedthereforafewseconds!

NowCravenswimstwiceaweek:fivelengths,sometimes10,witharestaftereach."Ijustthinkyouneedto

dothingsifyoucan.Ifyoucan,youmust."shesays.

24.WhydidCravenchoosewaterjogginginsteadofswimming?

A.Shehatedlosingface.

B.Shelikedtreadingwater.

C.Shewasafraidtoswim.

D.Shewasfondoffloating.

25.WhatinspiredCraventotryswimmingagain?

A.Thesightofkidslearningswimming.

B.ThesupportofhernieceJustine.

C.Theencouragementfromalifeguard.

D.Thedoctor'sadviceonherrecovery.

26.Whatisthepassagetryingtotellus?

A.Oncebitten,twiceshy.

B.Youcanneverteachanolddognewtricks.

C.Practicemakesperfect.

D.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.

C

Anewstudyhasfoundhumanfeelingscanaccuratelybeexpressednumericallyandhavemorepredictivepower

forhowwebehavethanformalstudiesofsocioeconomicfactorslikehouseholdincomeandemploymentstatus.

Thestudyco-authorAndrewOswald,aprofessorofeconomicsandbehavioralsciencegatheredinformation

fromnearly700,000people,whowereaskedannuallyoverathree-decadeperiodhowtheyfeltonanumericalscale

abouttheirjob,spouse,healthandhome.Usingthedatacollected,researchersconstructedstatisticalmodelstoshow

howpeoplefeltandtheactionstheytookasaresultoftheirreportedfeelings.Thestudyfoundthatratingsoflife

satisfactionhadadirectlinear（线性的）relationshiptoactionspeoplesubsequentlytake.Participantswhoratedtheir

jobsatisfactionasa2outof7hada25%probabilityofquittingtheirjob.Thosewhorateda6outof7hadonlya10

percentprobabilityofquitting.Thesamewastrueacrossothermeasureslikemarriage,healthandhousing.

Previousresearchhasalsoshowndataaboutfeelingspredicthumanoutcomes,butnotinsuchalinearfashion;

thedegreeofsatisfactionservedasagoodpredictoroffutureactions.Additionally,economistshavepreviouslybeen

criticaloffeelingsdatabecausetheyconsideredthemunscientificandunreliable.Butthisstudyshowssocioeconomic

factorshavealesserprobabilityofpredictinghumanbehaviorthandataonfeelings.

Thoughthestudyshowsnumberscanquantifyfeelings,researchersarestillabitconfusedastowhyestimates

ofseeminglysubjectivefeelingscanbesuchgoodpredictorsoffutureactions.AccordingtoOswald,anumberof

factorscouldbeatplay.Humansareveryexperiencedincomparativethinkingandareabletoscaletheirownlife

satisfactionagainstthatoftheirneighbors.We'realsoaccustomedtousingmeasuringdevicesforotheraspectsof

lifeliketemperature,distanceandweight,soitshouldn'tbetoosurprisingthatwe'reabletomeasureourfeelingsin

asimilarlyaccurateway.Anotherstudyco-authorCasparKaisersaysthatitmayalsobebecausewecommunicate

ourfeelingsanddoitinascaledfashioneveryday.Thiscouldbewhyitcomesoutinthedatamoreaccuratelythan

inobjectivemarkers.

OriHeffetz,aneconomicsprofessorwhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysthatthisresearchshowsfeelings

datashouldn'tbeunderestimatedevenifthey'remoredifficulttostudy."Scientistswhoignorethisdosoattheirown

risk,^^hesays.

Lookingahead,Kaiserhopesthissamedatacanbestudiedinlower-incomecountriessothatitcanbeapplied

universallytoplaceswithvariedlevelsofeconomicdevelopment.Butmorethananythingelsehe'sinterestedin

studyingwhyfeelingsworksowell.

27.Paragraph2ismainlyabout.

A.researchprocessandfindings

B.researchtopicandsignificance

C.researchsubjectsandpurpose

D.researchdatacollectionandanalysis

28.Whatcanweknowaboutthestudy?

A.Italsoappliestopeoplefromlower-incomecountries.

B.Itchallengestheopinionthatfeelingsdataareunreliable.

C.Itexplainswhyratingsoffeelingscanforeseefutureactions.

D.Itfirstshowsdataaboutfeelingscanpredicthumanbehavior

29.WhatisOri'sattitudetowardsthestudy?

A.Neutral.B.Skeptical.C.Supportive.D.Cautious.

30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowYouRateYourLifePredictsYourFutureBehavior

B.FeelingsForecastActionsBetterthanEconomicFactors

C.WhyYourFeelingsAffectYourFutureActions

D.RankingEveryAspectofYourLifeCounts

D

Peoplewhothinkofthemselvesastough-mindedandrealistictendtotakeitforgrantedthathumannatureis

selfishandthatlifeisastruggleinwhichonlythefittestmaysurvive.Accordingtothisphilosophy,thebasiclawby

whichpeoplemustlive,isthelawofthejungle.The“fittest“arethosewhocanbringtothestrugglesuperiorforce,

superiorcunningandsuperiorruthlessness.

Butweareentitledtoaskwhethertheruthlessnessofthetiger,thecunningofthefoxandtheobediencetothe

lawofthejungleare,intheirhumanapplications,actuallyevidenceofhumanfitnesstosurvive.Ifhumanbeingsare

topickuppointersonbehaviorfromtheloweranimals,aretherenotanimalsotherthanbeastsofpreyfromwhich

wemightlearnlessonsinsurvival?

Wemight,forexample,looktotherabbitorthedeeranddefinefitnesstosurviveassuperiorspeedinrunning

awayfromourenemies.Wemightpointtotheearthwormorthemoleandattributetheirfitnesstosurvivetothe

abilitytokeepoutofsightandoutoftheway.Ifwesimplylooktoanimalsinordertodefinewhatwemeanby

“fitnesstosurvive,\thereisnolimittothesubhumansystemsofbehaviorthatwecanthinkup.Wemayemulateany

animalbecausetheyhaveallobviouslysurvivedinonewayoranother.Wearestillentitledtoask,however,ifhuman

survivaldoesnotrevolvearoundadifferentkindoffitnessfromthatoftheloweranimals.

Biologistsdistinguishbetweentwokindsofstruggleforsurvival.First,thereistheinterspecificstruggle,warfare

betweendifferentspeciesofanimals.Second,thereistheintraspecificstruggle,warfareamongmembersofasingle

species.Agreatdealofevidenceinmodernbiologyindicatesthatthosespeciesthathavedevelopedelaboratemeans

ofintraspecificcompetitionoftenmakethemselvesunfitforinterspecificcompetition,andthatstrengthand

fiercenessinfightingandkillingotheranimals,whetherininterspecificorintraspecificcompetition,haveneverbeen

enoughinthemselvestoguaranteethesurvivalofaspecies.

Ifwearegoingtotalkabouthumansurvival,oneofthefirstthingstodo,evenifwegrantthatpeoplemustfight

tolive,istodistinguishbetweenthosequalitiesthatareusefulinfightingtheenvironmentandotherspeciesand

thosequalitiesthatareusefulinfightingotherpeople.Therearealsocharacteristicsimportanttohumansurvivalthat

donotinvolvefighting.

Cooperationisessentialtothesurvivalofmostlivingcreatures.Andhumanbeingsarethetalkinganimals.Any

theoryofhumansurvivalthatleavesthisfactoutofaccountisnomorescientificthanwouldbeatheoryofbeaver

survivalthatfailedtoconsidertheinterestingusesabeavermakesofitsteethandfiattail.Letusseewhattalking

means.

恤

beaver

31.Accordingtothepassage,the"SurvivaloftheFittesf,theory___.

A.showsthatthetough-mindedandrealisticsurvive

B.isoftenusedasanexcuseforone'sbeingselfish

C.appliesbetterinhumansocietythaninthewild

D.isuniversallyacknowledgedamongscientists

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“emulate”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.CopyB.Protect.C.Trap.D.Admire.

33.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorismostlikelytoagreethat.

A.humanshavenosuperiorforceoverotherspecies

B.humanshavesurvivedbecausetheyarethefittest

C.humansdon'thavetoleamfromanimalstosurvive

D.humansneedtofighteachotherfortheirownsurvival

34.Whatismostlikelytobetalkedaboutnext?

A.Waystomakehumansmorecompetitive.

B.Human'scooperationviacommunication

C.Differencesbetweenbeaversandhumans.

D.Thedevelopmentofhumansurvivalskills.

第二节（共5小题海小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂

黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

TheScienceofRecreationalFear

Frompeek-a-bootoHalloweenhauntedhouses,researchshowsthatrecreationalfearcanteachustofacescary

situations.The"paradoxofhorror,,isthatbeingscared,undertherightcircumstances,canbefun.35

Havingfunwithfearisan“extremelyimportanttoolforlearning,saidMathiasClasen,directorofthe

RecreationalFearLabatAarhusUniversityinDenmark.t4Welearnsomethingaboutthedangersoftheworld.We

learnsomethingaboutourownresponses:Whatdoesitfeelliketobeafraid?HowmuchfearcanItake?”

Horrormovieshavegottenmorepopular.Andinonesurveyofmorethan1000Americans,conductedby

Clasen,55%describedthemselvesashorrorfans.36Manypeoplewhowouldnotconsiderthemselvesfans

offearenjoytrue-crimepodcastsandnovelsfeaturingviolenceandmurder.Othersmayenjoynaturedocumentaries

abouttoppredators（捕食性动物）suchassharksandbears.

Evenbabieslikebeingalittlespooked（惊的）.Peek-a-boois“aninfantjumpscare,Clasensaid.37

“Idon'tthinkI'veyetcomeacrossapersonwhodidnotenjoysomekindofrecreationalfbar,“hesaid.

38ItisacombinationofanadrenalineC肾上腺素）rushandanopportunitytolearnaboutdealingwith

scarysituationsinasafeenvironment,researcherssay.Whenweareafraid,ourendocrinesystemreleasesadrenaline,

noradrenalineandcortisoltohelpprepareourbodyforphysicalaction.Weknowthe“Halloween"movieMichael

Myersisnotreal,butourbrainstillrespondsasifhewereaburningthreat.Onebrainimagingstudyfoundthat

watchinghorrormoviesactivatesthreat-responsebrainregionssuchastheamygdala（扁桃腺）,prefrontalcortexand

insulaasifthedangerwerereal.

Afterthisrush,manypeopleexperienceanupliftedmood.Onestudyexaminedhow262adultsfeltbeforeand

aftertheyenteredanextremehauntedhouse.39Brainrecordingsbeforeandaftershowedthatthosewhose

moodimprovedhadasmallerneuralresponsetosubsequentstressors,whichisassociatedwiththepost-haunthigh.

A.Sowhydowelikeit?

B.Fiftypercentofpeoplesaidtheyfeltbetterafterthevisit.

C.Andrecreationalfear,asitisrightlynamed,couldbenefitus,too.

D.Playingwithfearhelpsuslearnwhatourbodydoesunderpressure.

E.Horror,though,isnottheonlygenreofwhatpeoplefindscaryfun,hesaid.

F.Wedefinerecreationalfearbroadlyasamixedemotionalexperienceoffearandenjoyment.

G.Classicchildhoodgamesoftagandhide-and-seekarejustliketherealscenesofpredatorvs.prey.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

Engaginginmeaningfulconversationswithothersstrengthenssocialbondsandboostswell—beingfarmore

thansmalltalkdoes.Yetmanypeoplefearorevenactivelyavoidintimate(亲密的)conversations,especiallywith

thosetheydon'tknowwell.Whyarewesounwillingtoengageinanactivitythatcouldbenefitussoacutely?

Accordingtonewresearch,itmaybeduetomiscalculatedexpectations,andchangingthemcouldfosterdeeper

connections.

InaseriesofstudiespublishedintheJounialofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,participantseitherengaged

in“shallow“conversations(speaking,fbrexample,abouttheirsleepscheduleorhowoftentheygethaircuts)or“deep”

discussions(coveringembarrassingmomentsorwhatthey'regratefulfbr).Beforechatting,theypredictedhow

awkwardanduncomfortabletheconversationwouldbe,howclosetheywouldfeeltotheirconversationpartner

afterward,andhowmuchtheywouldenjoytheinteraction.Participantswhoconsistentlyoverestimatedthe

awkwardnessoftheconversationsalsogreatlyunderestimatedhowmuchthey'denjoythemoreintimate

conversations,aswellashowclosethey'dfeeltotheirpartner.

Thenoticeabledifferencebetweenparticipants9expectationsandtheiractualexperienceseemedrootedinthe

assumptionthatconversationpartnerswouldn'tcareaboutthedetailsoftheirlives.t4Weunderestimate,essentially,

howsocialothersare,“explainsstudyauthorNicholasEpley,apsychologistattheUniversityofChicago.

SuchanassumptioncouldbeabarriertoformingdeeperconnectionswithothersEpleybelieves.Yet

participantsappearedabletocourse-correct.Whentheyweretoldaheadoftimethatit'scommontounderestimate

howmuchstrangerscareabouteachother,theyvoluntarilysteeredthetalksintodeeperdirections,potentiallyreaping

thebenefitsofdoingso.

Asinglereminderlikelyisn'tenoughtopermanentlychangemiscalculatedassumptions,Epleywarns.But

makingtheefforttoengageinjustafewpositiveinteractionscouldhelpsomeonementallyreset.44Afterhavinga

meaningfulconversation,peopleusuallywanttohaveanotherone,^^hesays."Butyoucanlearnonlyfrom

experiencesthatyouhave,^^headds.t4Ifyouthinkitwillbeunpleasanttotalktosomeoneandthereforenevertry,

you'Hneverfindoutthatyouwerewrong.”

40.Whyarepeopleunwillingtogetinvolvedinintimateconversations?

41.Whatcouldstoppeopleformingdeeperconnectionswithothers?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

AAsingleremindercanpennanentlychangeourassumptions,butwestillneedtoengageinpositiveinteractionsto

helpusmentallyreset.

43.Doyouprefertohavea“shallow“conversationora"deep"discussionwithstrangers?Andgiveyourreasons.

(Inabout40words)

第二节(20分)

44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校将与国际友好校联合举办主题为“我是美食家(Gastronome)w的

英语线上交流活动，请你用英语写一份发言稿，内容包括：

1.介绍你学会的一道美食并简述做法；

2.谈谈学做这道美食的感受及活动的意义。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

提示词语：美食一delicacy;

Hello,everyone!

That,sall.Thankyou.

参考答案

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）

【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.A5.B6.D7.C8.D9.B10.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。“笑是最好的良药”。许多研究表明，幸福感更高的人往往有更好的医疗结

果。文章对此进行了解释。

【1题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多研究表明，幸福感更高的人往往有更好的医疗结果。A.success成功；B.

confidence信心；C.happiness快乐；幸福；D.determination决心。结合上文“Laughteristhebest

medicine"可知，此处指笑带给人们的更大的幸福往往会带来更好的医疗结果。故选C。

【2题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，2017年诺丁汉大学的一项研究测试了138名接受正常流感注射的退休人

员的情绪效果。A.avoiding避免;B.receiving接受;C.missing错过；D.organizing组织。结合下文“the

normalfluinjection可知，此处指他们接受流感疫苗的注射。故选B。

【3题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些在接种疫苗当天感到高兴的人继续产生更多的抗流感抗体。A.produce制

造;生产；B.repair修理；C.detect发现；D.absorb吸收。根据空前"Thosewhofelthappyonthedayofthe

vaccination及下文“moreflu-fightingantibodies”可知，对于当天接种疫苗的人而言，他们会产生更多的

流感抗体。故选A。

【4题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是高兴真的能带来健康吗，还是恰恰相反呢？A.health健康；B.mood情

绪；C.relationship关系；D.performance表现。结合前文”people'smoodaffectstheactivationofgenesthat

fightdisease."可知，人们的情绪会影响对抗疾病的基因的激活，所以此处是在问高兴真的能带来健康吗。

故选A»

【5题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，那些拥有强大免疫系统的人自然也会有更高水平的其他改善情绪的大脑

化学物质。A.gradually逐渐地；B.naturally自然地；C.randomly随便地；任意地；D.rarely稀有地。根据

下文4（havehigherlevelsofothermood-improvingbrainchemicalsaswell"可知，拥有强大免疫系统的人自然

也会有更高水平的其他改善情绪的大脑化学物质。故选B。

【6题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里有一个可能的进化解释。A.solution解决方法；B.prediction预测；C.

application应用；D.explanation解释。根据下文内容提示，可知此处是用人类的进化来作解释。故选D。

【7题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类作为社会性生物进化而来，它们群体合作以获得食物并保护自己免受野生

动物的伤害。A.consume消费；B.serve服务；C.secure（尤指通过努力）获得；取得；D.purchase购买。

根据下文“protectthemselvesfromwildanimals”可知，此处指人类通过群体合作来获得食物。故选C。

【8题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们与朋友和家人的密切关系网更快乐，因为这提高了我们生存的机会。A.

fixed固定的；B.enormous巨大的;C.complicated复杂的;D.close亲近的；亲密的。结合下文“network

offriendsandfamilybecausethisimprovedourchancesofsurvival.Butcloselysocializinggroups”可知，这里

指和朋友及家人之间的亲密关系，提高了我们的生存机会。故选D。

【9题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，密切社交的群体也是流感和感冒等呼吸道感染的滋生地，因此我们需要

增加抗击这些疾病的基因的活性。A.functions功能；B.infections传染病；C.activities活动;D.systems系

统。结合下文“suchasfluandcolds”可知，感冒和流感是传染病。故选B。

【10题详解】

考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，对于那些与社会隔绝的人来说，传染病并不是什么大问题，帮助他

们从身体伤害中恢复过来的基因可能会被优先考虑，而不是那些对抗疾病的基因。A