2021年上海高三高考模拟英语试卷（进阶卷-优化模拟四）-学生用卷

2021年上海高三高考模拟英语试卷（进阶卷-优化模拟四）-学生用卷

一、语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

1、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟（进阶卷-优化模拟四）第21~30题10分（每题1分）

HowtofindHappinesswithoutBuyingit?

Ourmaterialisticsocietyhasledustobelievethathappinesscannotobtainedwithouthavingmoney.

Ratherthanlearningtobesatisfiedwithwhatwehave,wearetaughttowantmore.Welearnfrom

advertising,andfromthemedia,1weneedtobuysometoysinordertomake

ourselveshappy,or2（fulfill）emotionalneeds,andthatthepurchasetheyare

tryingtotalkusintowillprovideuswiththepsychologicalcomfortweare

looking3.

Unfortunately,asasocietywehaveboughtintothese4（misguide）

messagesandhavecometobelievethatspendingmoneyoncertain

items5（bring）usfame,fortune,happiness,beauty,orpopularity.Asaresult,

wetradehoursofourlivesworking,sacrificingtimethat6havebeenspent

withourfamilies,forthepursuitofthealmighty（万能的）dollar.

Actually,thereareanumberofwaystoenjoylifewithouttheneedforagreatdealofmoney.

Forexample,thinkabout7youwouldspendyourtime,andwhatyouwould

doforenjoyment.Changeyourfocusfrommaterialpossessionsto8thatbring

youenjoyment,suchasspendingqualitytimewithyourfamilyandfriends.Certainly,itisimportantto

workandearnenoughtoprovideforourbasicneedsandtheneedsofourfamilies,butitisimportantto

recognize9thedesireforpersonalpossessionsbecomesoverlyconsuming,

Otherwise10willupsetabalancebetweenasatisfyingworklifeandarich

homelife.Thebestwaytoachievesuchabalanceistoensurethedriveformaterialpossessionsdoesnot

becomeallconsuming.

二、选词填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

2、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟（进阶卷-优化模拟四）第31~4。题10分（每题1分）

A.strategyB.committiiigC.shiftsD.well-beingE.coinedF.prioritizing

G.composedH.valuedLAccessJ.uncertaintyK.reduction

Work-LifeBalance

Work-lifebalanceisastatecharacteredbyahighlevelofsatisfaction,functionality,andeffectiveness

whilesuccessfullyperformingseveraltasksalltogether.Thenon-workactivityisnotonlylimitedto

familylifebutalsotovariousoccupationsandactivitiesofwhichone'slife

is1.Studiessuggesttheexistenceofcellphonesandotherinternet-based

devicesenables2towork-relatedissuesinnon-workingperiods,thus,adding

morehoursandworkload.Arelativedecreaseinthetimespentworking

nonstandard3hasbeenproventohavesignificantnegativeeffectsonfamily

andpersonallife.Theimmediateeffectisadecreaseingeneral4asthe

individualisunabletoproperlyassignappropriateamountoftimenecessarytomaintainabalance.

Therefore,extensiveresearchhasbeendoneonproperlymanagingtimeasa

main5ofmanagingstress.

Theconditionwhereworkperformanceisnegativelyaffectedbyhigh-levelstressistermedburnout,

inwhichtheemployeeexperienceasignificant6inmotivation.Accordingto

Vroom'sExpectancyTheory,whentheoutcomeofworkperformanceareoffsetG氐消）bythenegative

impactsontheindividuafsgeneralwell-being,or,arenot7enoughbythe

employer,levelsofmotivationarelow.Timemanagement,8certaintasksand

actionsaccordingtoone'svaluesandbeliefs,isamongthesuggestedcoursesofactionfbrmanagingstress

andmaintainingahealthywork-lifebalance.Therealityofconstantincreaseincompetitionand

economic9frequentlyforcestheemployeetokeepthebalanceforthesakeof

financialandjobsecurity.Therefore,work-lifebalancepoliciesare[0by

manybusinessesanddealtbylinemanagersandsupervises,ratherthanattheorganizationallevelasthe

employee'swellbeingcanbemorecarefullyobservedandmonitored.

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）

3、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟（进阶卷-优化模拟四）第41~55题15分（每题1分）

2016年高考真题上海卷第51~65题

Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthe

nowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeople

instinctively1workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheview

thateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.

Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe2,manymanagersstill

agreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,3,thattheiremployeesneedconstant

supervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposed

from4withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian（专制

的）managers.

Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof5people.Unlikeauthoritarian

management,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewell-knownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision­

making—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto6tothis

process.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.Manywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuch

Asianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral7.Someexpertssay

thatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommon

goalsinawaythattraditional8managerscannot.

Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheir

ownwithout9managersfirst.Thisempowerment（授权）hasbeenpartof

thetrendtowardsdownsizing:[0thenumberofmanagementlayersin

companies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe__________H__________withjusta

toplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.

Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation（委托）muchfurtherthan

has12beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsof

managementcontrolto[3thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,and

thatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.

Anothertrendisoff-siteor14management,whereteamsofpeople

linkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluate

the15oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,rather

thantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.

A.desireB.seekC.loseD.dislike

A.contraryB.expectationC.degreeD.extreme

A.viceversaB.forexampleC.howeverD.otherwise

A.outsideB.insideC.belowD.above

A.replacingB.assessingC.managing!）,encouraging

A.referB.contributeC.objectD.apply

A.agreementB.practiceC.electionD.impression

A.bossyB.experiencedC.westernD.male

A.askingB.trainingC.warningD.firing

A.doublingB.maintainingC.reducingD.estimating

A.honoredB.leftC.crowdedD.compared

A.economicallyB.traditionallyC.inadequatelyD.occasionally

A.denyB.admitC.assumeD.ensure

A.virtualB.ineffectiveC.day-to-dayD.on-the-scene

A.opinionB.riskC.performanceD.attractiveness

四、阅读理解（本大题共11小题，每小题2分，共22分）

4、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟（A篇）第56~59题8分（每题2分）

Fewlawsaresoeffectivethatyoucanseeresultsjustdaysaftertheytakeeffect.Butintheninedays

sincethefederalcigarettetaxmorethandoubled—to$1.01perpack-smokershavejammedtelephone

"quitlines1'acrossthecountryseekingtokickthehabit.

Thisisnotasurprisetopublichealthadvocates.They'vestudiedtheeffectofstatetaxincreasesfor

years,findingthatsmokers,especiallyteens,arepricesensitive.Norisitashocktotheindustry,which

fiercelyfightseverytaxincrease.

Theonlywonderisthatsomanystatesinsistonclosingtheirearstothemessage.Tobaccotaxes

improvepublichealth.Theyraisemoneyandmostparticularly,theydeterpeoplefromtakingupthehabit

asteens,whichiswhennearlyallsmokersareaddicted.Yettherateoftaxationvarieswidely.

InManhattan,forinstance,whichhasthehighesttaxinthenation,apackofMarlboroLightKings

cost$10.06atonedrugstoreWednesday.InCharleston,S.C.,wherethe7-cent-a-packtaxisthelowest

inthenation.Thepricewas$4.78.

Theinfluenceisobvious.

InNewYork,highschoolsmokinghitanewlowinthelatestsurveys-13.8%,farbelowthenational

average.Bycomparison,26%ofhighschoolstudentssmokeinKentucky,andotherlow-taxstateshave

similarlydepressingteen-smokingrecords.

HalRogers,RepresentativefromKentucky,likethosewhoareagainsthightobaccotaxes,arguesthat

theburdenofthetaxfallsonlow-incomeAmericans"whochoosetosmoke.'1

That'strue.Butthereismorereasoninkeepingfuturegenerationsoflow-incomeworkersfrom

gettinghookedinthefirstplace.Asfortoday'sadults,ifthenewtaxdrivesthemtoquit,theywillhave

moretospendontheirfamilies,cuttheirriskofcancerandheartdiseaseandfeelbetter.

(1)Thetextismainlyabout.

A.thepriceofcigarettes

B.therateofteensmoking

C.theeffectoftobaccotaxincrease

D.thedifferencesintobaccotaxrate

(2)Whatdoestheauthorthinkisasurprise?

A.Teensmokersarepricesensitive.

B.Somestatesstillkeepthetobaccotaxlow.

C.Tobaccotaxesimprovepublichealth.

D.Tobaccoindustryfiercelyfightsthetaxrise.

(3)Theunderlinedword"deter11inparagraph3mostprobablymeans.

A.discourage

B.remove

C.benefit

D.free

(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thenewtaxwillbebeneficialinthelongrun.

B.Low-incomeAmericansaremorelikelytofallill.

C.Futuregenerationswillbehookedonsmoking.

D.Adultswilldependmoreontheirfamilies.

5、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟(B篇)第60〜62题6分(每题2分)

Aswespeak,ourfundraisersaresinging,dancing,bakingandbucket-shakingtheirwaytohelping

beatcancersooner-andwe'dloveforyoutojointheteam!

Ourresearchersaredoingeverythingtheycantomakesure3in4peoplesurvivecancerby2034,but

weneedtheenergy,creativityandmotivationofourfundraisingteamstomakethispossible.

Il'seasytogetinvolved-allyouneedisalittletimetospareandapassionforteamwork,makinga

differenceinyourcommunityandbeatingcancersooner.

Notsurehowtogetstarted?Clickonthelinkbelow,pinpointyourareaandgetafeelforthe

opportunitiesavailableonyourdoorsteprightnow.

Findaroleinyourlocalarea.

TAL#NBSPWorkplaceAmbassadorVolunteer?

Couldyouconvinceyourcolleaguestohelpbeatcancersooner?We'relookingforsomeone

passionateandwell-connectedtohelppromoteandsupportourcausewithinworkplacesacrossthecountry.

TAL#NBSPFundraisingGroupVolunteer?

Areyouateamplayerlookingtoinspireothersandgetinvolvedinfundraising?We'relookingfor

enthusiasticvolunteerswithgoodlocalknowledgetosupportfundraisinggroupsorlaunchoneoftheir

own.

TAL#NBSPRelayForlifeFundraisingVolunteer?

Areyouasociableandmotivatedindividualwithapassionandmotivationtoshare?Thereareloads

ofdifferentwaysyoucanjoinourfantasticRelayForLifeteam,justtakealookhere.

Readmoreat/support-us/volunteer/help-us-raise-

money#vgX7yxoRAmus3VsO.99.

(1)Thepurposeofthisfundraisingisaccordingtothisadvertisement.

A.tohelptheseniorcitizen

B.tohelpthepeoplewhogetcancer

C.tohelpthechildren

D.tohelpcolleagueswholosethejob

(2)Thememberofthefundraisingteamneedthefollowingqualitiesexcept

A.creativity

B.teamspirit

C.motivation

D.pennywise

(3)Ifyouarethepersonwholikestoinspireotherswithrichlocalknowledge,thebestchoiceforyouto

workasavolunteeris

A.RelayForLifeFundraisingVolunteer

B.FundraisingGroupVolunteer

C.WorkplaceAmbassadorVolunteer

D.Singing,Dancing,BakingVolunteer

6、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟(C篇)第63〜66题8分(每题2分)

Someoftheworld'smostsignificantproblemsneverhitheadlines.Oneexamplecomesfrom

agriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarelytalked

about.Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworld'smajorcrops.Anewstudybythe

UniversityofMinnesotaandMcGillUniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhowfar,thisdeclineis

occurring.

Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmostimportantcrops:rice,wheat,cornand

soybeans.Theyfindthatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,theimprovementinyieldsthat

tookplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990sand2000s.

Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatithasbeenparticularlysharpinthe

world'smostpopulouscountries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshasbeenanimportant

sourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthecountriesandonworldfoodmarkets.Thatself-sufficiency

cannotbetakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.

Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincornandsoybeans.Thisisproblematic

becausewheatandricearemoreimportantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfofallcaloriesconsumed.

Cornandsoybeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.Theauthorsnotethatnwehavepreferentially

focusedourcropimprovementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsratherthanoncropsthatfeedpeople

andarethebasisoffoodsecurityinmuchoftheworld.0

Thereportqualifiesthemoreoptimisticfindingsofanothernewpaperwhichsuggeststhattheworld

willnothavetodigupalotmorelandforfarminginordertofeed9billionpeoplein2050,astheFood

andAgricultureOrganizationhasargued.

Instead,itsays,thankstoslowingpopulationgrowth,landcurrentlyploughedupforcropsmightbe

abletoreverttoforestorwilderness.Thiscouldhappen.Thetroubleisthattheforecastassumescontinued

improvementsinyields,whichmaynotactuallyhappen.

(1)Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawattentionto?

A.Foodriotsandhungerintheworld.

B.Newsheadlinesintheleadingmedia.

C.Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.

D.Thefoodsupplyinpopulouscountries.

(2)WhydoestheauthormentionIndiaandChinainparticular?

A.Theirself-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.

B.Theirfoodyieldshavebeguntodecreasesharplyinrecentyears.

C.Theirbigpopulationsarecausingworldwideconcerns.

D.Theirfoodself-sufficiencyhasbeentakenforgranted.

(3)Whatdoesthenewstudybythetwouniversitiessayaboutrecentcropimprovementefforts?

A.Theyfailtoproducethesameremarkableresultsasbeforethe1980s.

B.Theycontributealottotheimprovementofhumanfoodproduction.

C.Theyplayamajorroleinguaranteeingthefoodsecurityoftheworld.

D.Theyfocusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.

(4)WhatdoestheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationsayaboutworldfoodproductioninthecoming

decades?

A.Thegrowingpopulationwillgreatlyincreasethepressureonworldfoodsupplies.

B.Theoptimisticpredictionaboutfoodproductionshouldbeviewedwithcaution.

C.Theslowdownofthegrowthinyieldsofmajorfoodcropswillbereversed.

D.Theworldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.

五、六选四(本大题共4小题，每小题2分，共8分)

7、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟(进阶卷-优化模拟四)第67~70题8分(每题2分)

Weallregardreceivingpresentsasapleasantexperienceandyetitcanbeoneofthemostawkward

situations.Itisoftendifficulttolookpleasedwhenyoureceiveagiftwhichisentirelyuselessorthewrong

size.

1However,youhavenorighttochangeanarticlepurchasedjust

becauseitdoesnotfitorisnottoyourliking.Worsestill,theagreementonthesaleisbetweentheperson

whoboughtitandtheshop.

SoyouwillhavetotellyourfavoriteauntthattheT-shirtdoesnotfit.Butanexchangeisnotalways

thatsimplebecausetherehastobeagoodreasonforit.2Forexample,ifthe

buyerwastoldthataswitchwasvoiceoperatedandlaterfoundoutitwasnot,thenactioncouldbetaken.

Youwouldhavetherighttoreturnitandgetthemoneyback.

Butifyouarereturningsomething,nomatterwhatthereasonis,youwillbeexpectedtohaveproof

ofpurchase.Ifthereceipt（收据）cannotbefound,thenitispossibletouseanotherproofofpurchase

suchasacreditcardreceipt.Ifallofthesehavebeenlost,youmayhavetorelyonawitness.

Manybigstoreshaveamuchmoretolerantpolicytowardsreturnsandseeitasagestureofgoodwill

toexchangegoodswithoutquestion.StoresincludingMarks&Spencerarewellknownfortheir”no

argument0policyonreturnedgoods.3

Soifashoprefusestoexchangethegoodsortoofferarefund（退款）,thesellerislikelytobe

withinhislegalrightsunlessthereissomethingwrongwiththegoods.Inthatcase,thebootisontheother

foot.Youhaveeveryrighttodemandacashrefundorareplacement,butonlyifyouhavereturnedit

withina"reasonable"time.

4Someshopsandstoresexpectthingstobereturnedwithinaweekof

purchase,whileothersmaypermitamuchlongertimelimit.Inanycaseifyoureturnathingafterwhatis

considereda"reasonable"time,thenallyouarelegallyentitledtoisthecostofrepair.

A.Itisunlikeanythingyouwouldbuyforyourself.

B.However,shoppersshouldrememberthisisaprivilege,notaright.

C.Unfortunately,thelawdoesnotexplainwhatismeantby〃reasonable”.

D.Allyoucandoistoexchangeitafteryourfriendorrelativehasgonehome.

E.Eitherthethinghastobebrokenorunsuitableforthejobitwasintendedtodo.

F.Youshouldmakeclearwhatyourlegalpositionisbeforereturninggoodstothe

shops.

六、总结写作（本大题共1小题，共10分）

8、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟（进阶卷-优化模拟四）第71题10分（每题10分）

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthepassageinno

morethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

BicycleSharing

Foryears,bike-sharingplanshavebeencommoninbigcitiesaroundtheworld,includinginChina.

ExamplesincludeParis'sVelibandLondon'sSantanderCycles（"Borisbikes**）.Buttheserequire

customerstoreturnthebicyclestodockingstations（泊车位）.InChina,amoreuser-friendlyapproach

isspreadingrapidly.Itinvolvesbikesthatcanbepaidforusingasmartphoneandleftanywhere.GPS

trackingenablesthemtobelocatedwithamobileapp.Aridetypicallycostsonlyoneyuan（$0.15）ona

bikeinaneye-catchingcolour.

ThefirstsuchservicewaslaunchedinJune2015byastartupcalledOfo.Thecompanynowhas

around2.5myellow-framedbikesinmorethan50citiesinChina.Itsmainrival,Mobike,whichstartedup

onlyayearago,saysithas"severalmillion"ofitsorange-wheeledbikesspreadacrossasimilararea.

BluegogohashalfamillionbikesinsixChinesecities.Itplanstoaddanewcityeverytwoweeks.

However,thedocklesssystemiseasytoabuse.Someridershidethebikesinorneartheirhomesto

preventothersfromusingthem.Anothertrickinvolvesscratchingoffabike'sQRcodetostopothersfrom

scanningit.Abiggerproblemforthenewfirmsispersuadingpeopletousebikesinsteadofcars.Thirty

yearsago,63%ofBeijingerscycledtowork.Now,only12%do.Manypeoplethinkthatcyclingisonly

forthepoor.Adating-showcontestantfamouslysaidin2010thatshewould"rathercryinaBMWthan

smileonabike".Cyclingisalsodangerous.About40%ofroadaccidentsinvolvebicycles,accordingtoa

reportin2013.Somecityauthoritiesaccusethebike-sharingfirmsofcausingcongestion.Thismonth,the

southerncityofShenzhenorderedlimitsonthenumberofsharedbikes.Othercities,includingShanghai

andBeijing,areconsideringsimilarmeasures.

Despitesomedisadvantages,suchuser-friendlyservicesrepresentthekindofgreeninnovationthat

Chinawantsandmayevenbring"arevolution".

七、翻译（本大题共4小题，每小题3.75分，共15分）

9、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟（进阶卷-优化模拟四）第72题3.75分（每题3.75分）

翻译

民众呼吁政府延长失业救济。（appeal）

10、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟（进阶卷-优化模拟四）第73题3.75分（每题3.75分）

翻译

用户名和密码不要经常性改动，这会引起不必要的麻烦。（basis）

11、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟（进阶卷-优化模拟四）第74题3.75分（每题3.75分）

翻译

父母和孩子的长期分开会使孩子有一种被遗弃的感觉。（abandon）

12、【来源】