中考英语动词不定式课件

动词不定式

动词不定式

动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形“,有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1.用作主语Tobeanactorismydream.2.Togoabroadishisdream.3.Tosayiseasy,todoisdifficult.(这时可将其用形式主语it来替换)→Itismydreamtobeanactor.→Itishisdreamtogoabroad.→Itiseasytosay,itisdifficulttodo.注意不定式作主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。不定式作主语，为了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，todo结构放句末做真正主语。句子结构为：It+be+形容词+（for/ofsb)+todosth.It+be+形容词+forsb+todosth.

若形容词是描述事物的性质，用forsb.这类形容词有：difficult,easy,important,dangerous,possible等。例：对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。Itisdifficultforustofinishthework.对他来说，说英语很简单。It+be+形容词+ofsb+todosth.若形容词是描述人的性格品质的，用ofsb.这类形容词有：kind,nice,good,clever,careless,polite等。例：你真聪明，计算出这道数学题。Itiscleverofyoutoworkoutthemathproblem.你帮我真是太好了。链接中考（2015，石家庄裕华区一模）Ithinkitdifficult___acarinthestreet.AdrivesBdrivingCtodriveDdrive（2015，丹东）Itisdifficultforme___theworkinsuchashorttime.AfinishBfinishingCfinishedDtofinish2.用作表语Hisworkistofeedtheanimals.Herjobistolookafterthekids.Mywishistobeascientist.3.用作宾语(v.+todo)Iwanttobuyacomputer.Shehopestofindabetterjob.Iwishtogowithyou.needtodo learntodo agreetodoplantododecidetodo refusetodobegintodostarttodo trytodoforgettodoremembertodoliketodoStoptodo链接中考（2014，河北）Don‘tforget___thankswhenotherpeoplehelpyou.AacceptBtoacceptCsayDtosay解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。Forgettodosth忘记要做某事链接中考(2013,河北）Thechildrendecide___thisschoolyardthisFridayafternoon.AcleanBtocleanCcleaningDcleaned解析：考查不定式作宾语，decidetodosth决定做某事4.用作状语(adverbial)：HecametoshowmehisnewCDplayer.Iwenttheretoseemyteacher.ShecamebacktogetherEnglishbook.Theboywastooyoungtolookafterhimself.表目的表结果链接中考（2012，河北）——abookinthelibrary,enterakeywordintothecomputer.ATofindBFindCTowriteDWrite解析：句子意思是“为了在图书馆找到一本书，需要在电脑上输入一个关键词”。考查不定式表示目的状语5.用作宾语补足语：(v.+sb.+todo)Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.Edison’smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.

wantsb.todo wishsb.todo

allowsb.todo ordersb.todo

likesb.todo

wouldlikesb.todo作宾语补足语不带to的情况：Letmedoit.Isawhimcrossthestreet.常见动词有：使役动词:let,make,have感官动词:see,watch,hear,feel,listento比较：Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.Givemesomethingtodrink.Ihavetwobookstoread.Theyhavemuchfoodtoeat.Heaskedforaroomtolivein.Idon’thaveapentowritewith.Heboughtatoytoplaywith.6.用作定语(这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词,介词不能省略)链接中考（2011，河北）Wheneveryouhaveachance___English,youshouldtakeit.AspeakBtospeakCspokeDspeaks解析：考查动词不定式作定语的用法。tospeakEnglish作chance的定语。1.我有许多书要看。2.她有几个问题要问。3.他有一台电脑要卖。Ihavemanybookstoread.Shehasafewquestionstoask.Hehasacomputertosell.练习7.疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加todo可构成不定式短语,在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.(主语)Idon’tknowwhattodo.(宾语)Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.(宾语补足语)Thequestioniswhotoask.(表语)链接中考（2015，河北）--Itisimportantforustoknow___allthesubjects.---Yeah,groupworkismyfavorite.AhowtostudyBwhentostudyCwhichtostudyDwhattostudy解析：考查疑问词+todo结构。非谓语动词(动词不定式和动词-ing形式)中考考查重点讲解e.g.1.Hehaspromisedtobehavebetterlater.2.Theboydecidednottobecomeasailor.3.Ihopetogotocollege.promise,decide,hope,agree,choose,fail,wish,learn+todosth.I.4.Heagreedtohelpus.5.Shechosetostudychemistry.6.Hefailedtopersuadehim.7.Doyouwishtoeatalone?enjoy,finish,keep,mindsuggest,can’thelpe.g.1.他对听音乐总是兴致勃勃。Healwaysenjoyslisteningtomusic.2.我打扫完房间了Ihavefinishedcleaningtheroom.3.你不能像这样老变主意。Youshouldn'tkeepchangingyourideaslikethis.+doingsth.II.4.Wouldyoumind__________withyou?5.Hesuggested________forawalk.6.Icouldn'thelp______.mycominggoingoutcryinglove,hate,forget,rememberstop,like,try,mean+todosth.doingsth.1.Maryloves_______________.2.Ihateto_____________________.3.她忘记寄这封信了。Sheforgot__________________.reading/toreadtrouble/troublinghimtoposttheletterIII.4.我永远忘不了初次寄信的情景。I'llneverforget_______aletterforthefirsttime.5.Iremember______heronce.=IrememberthatI____(see)heronce.6.Remember________me.=Ihopeyou’llphoneme.postingseeingsawtophone他停下来跟我说话。Hestopped______________.他停止讲话Hestopped_______.他喜欢游泳。Helikes_________.我不想打扰你。Idon'tlike_____________.她试着写作文。Shetried____________________.totalkwithmetalkingswimmingtodisturbyouwritingacomposition她设法打电话找你。Shetried____________________我本来打算今天给你这本书的,可是我忘了。Imeant___________________today,butIforgot.这意味着浪费时间。Thismeans_______muchtime.togetyouonthephonetogiveyouthisbookwastingIV.ask,tell,get,wish,want,teach,know,understand1.Iasked

him

_______hereearly.2.Gethim_____adoctor.劝他去找医生看看。3.I'veknownhim_____veryfast.我听说他跑得比较快。4.Whatdidyouunderstandhim

_____?你认为他说的是什么意思呢？+sb.todosth.tocometoseetoruntosaymake,have,let,see,watch,hear,feel,notice+sb.dosth.e.g.Ican'tmakethehorsego.我无法使这匹马走动。

Iwon’thave(允许，容许)yousaysuchthings.我可不许你说这样的话。

Mymotherwouldn'tletmegotothefilm.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。

Didyounoticehimleavethehouse?你看到他离开房间了吗？

Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.V.sb.+bedone+todosth.e.gHeisoftenheard______thesong.Theyweremade_______dayandnight.tosingtoworkⅥ.be+happy,glad,pleasedangry,sorry,luckyslow,quick,carefulready,nice+todosth.e.gIamsorrytohearthat.Heiswrongtosayso.Iwasveryluckytogetacopysocheap.“我这么便宜地买到一本,真是幸运极了。**quicktolearnsth.**学某事学得快Becarefulnottofallofftheladder.当心别从梯子上掉下来。Heisreadytohelp.愿意帮忙Ⅶ.e.g.IfounditveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.=Ifoundthat_____veryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.Ifeelitmydutytodoso.=Ifeelthat__mydutytodoso.think,make,find,feel+it+adj./n+todosth.

itwasitisIt’s++(for+sb.)+todosth.It’s+difficult,hard,easy,possible,impossibleimportant,`+(of

+sb.)+todosth.clever,wise,kind,good,right,nicewrong,bad,cruelsilly,stupid,foolishcareful,carelessⅧ.e.gItishard___youtodoitwell.=Foryoutodoitwellishard.Itiskind___youtohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.

forofIt’sclever__himtosayso.Itisimpossible__youtofinishit.Itwaswrong__youtotellalie.Itwascareless___youtomakesomanymistakesintheexam.Itissilly__hertodosuchathing.Itisimportant___youtolearnEnglishwell.

offorof

of

of

fore.gⅨ.e.gTheyhadnoroomtolive___.

Thepenisverygoodtowrite____.

Thechairisnicetosit__.what/where/when/how/why+todosth.e.g.Howtodoitisstillaquestion.Haveyoudecidedwhentoholdtheparty?inwithonⅩ.Exercises1.--You’vedoneverywellthistime. --It’sreallykind______. A.foryoutosaysoB.foryousayingso C.ofyoutosaysoD.ofyousayingso2.Itisbettertoloseone’slifethan____. A.ifyouloseyourspirit B.losinghisspirit C.toloseone’sspirit D.yourspiritgettinglostCC3.–Ican’tworkinthisway. --Whynot____itinsomeotherway? A.trytodo B.trydoing C.tryingtodo D.tryingdoing4.Sinceyoufinditdifficult____adecision,you’dbetteradiscussion(讨论)withyourparents. A.reach;have B.reaching;have C.reach;having D.toreach;haveBD5.Myfatherhates(痛恨)___.Heneverallowsme_____. A.tosmoke;tosmoke B.smoking;smoking C.smoke;smoking D.smoking;tosmoke6.Thegirlwasbeginning___. A.getangry B.togetangry C.gettingangry D.angryDB7.Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow________. A.wheretochoose B.whichtochoose C.whattochoose D.tochoosewhich8.Thebagistooheavyforme_______. A.tocarryit B.nottocarryit C.tocarry D.nottocarry9.Theteacherwillteachhim_______. A.touse B.useit C.howtouseit D.usesBCC找出句子中的不定式,并说出作用：1.Ittakesyoutenminutestogetthere.2.Ihopetoseehimsoon.3.Hiswishistobecomeanartist.4.Peopleeattolive,butnotlivetoeat.状语表语宾语主语5.Ihavealottotellyou.6.It’snotrighttobealwaysthinkingofoneself.7.Weoftenseehimplayfootball.定语主语宾语补足语1.跳舞非常有趣。2.种些植物是非常有必要的。Todanceisalotoffun.Itisalotoffuntodance.Togrowplantsisveryimportant.3.说英语对我来说并不容易。4.听到你的声音真高兴。Tohearyourvoiceissonice.Itissonicetohearyourvoice.TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforme.1.我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。2.最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。3.我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Thebestplanistoleaveatonce.Mydreamistobeascientist.1.他想借用我的录音机。2.他们开始读和写。3.李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。4.你长大了想做什么？Hewantstoborrowmyradio.Theybegantoreadandwrite.WhatsportsdoesLiLinliketoplay?Shelikestoplaysoccer.Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?5.他是一个值得信赖的人。6.爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。7.他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。Heisamantobelievein.Edisonwasthefirstmantoinventthelights.Hissickmotherhasthreemonthstoliveatmost.Theylookedforhimeverywhereandfoundhim__underthetree.a.lies b.lying c.lay d.lai