考研英美文学名词解释

1/24考研英美文学名词解释英美文学名词解释TermsinEnglishandAmericanLiteratureAEuropeanphenomenonduringthemiddleofthe19thcenturythathaditschiefheadquartersinFrance。ThismovementwasglandmainlyWalterPaterasarventionofartformorality’ssake，orartformoney’sAtaleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,actions,orse寓言:用诗歌或散文讲的故事,在这个故事中人物、事件或背景往往代表抽象的概念或道德品质。所有的寓言都是一个具有双重意义、文学内涵或象征意义的故事.thina头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。ctsthereadertorecognizeandrorreligion故：文学作品中作家希望读者能够认识或做出反应的一个人物、地点、事件或文学作品。典故或来自历史、地理、文学或宗教。obehaviorofthosecharactersinliteraryworkswhowereregardedasmoreorlesscomplexcombinationsofinheritedat2/24考研英美文学名词解释saleadingfigureofthisschool。s.Theyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination，originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinrlivinginthenewcontinent,theybecomemoreandmore美国清教主义:他们相信宿命论、原罪说、全体堕落和有限的赎罪。7。AmericanRealism(美国现实主义)psychologicalrealismthatcloselyexaminedthecomplexwor美国现实主义：在美国文学史上,内战宣告了浪漫主义的终结和现实主义的开始。现实主义反对浪漫主义和感伤主义的谎言,它从一个陌生的世界转向了普通人的真实生活的描写。它所关心的是普通的下层劳动人民而非理想中的人类本性和现实经历.8。AmericanRomanticism(美国浪漫主义)piecesRipVanWinkleandTheLegendofSleepyHollow.Americanromanticismculminatedaroundthe1840s，whichcanbecalledre3/24考研英美文学名词解释toofAmericanTranscendentalism”．Inthepoetryaspect，WhitmanandDicksonweretwomajorAmericanpoetsinthisperioothertypeofromanticism.TheyplacedincreasingwbelongedtoanvalueontheTheAngryYoungMenisajournalisticcatchphraseappliedtoanumbeenwithhissignatureplayLookBackinAngerin1956．10.Antagonist(反面人物):Apersonorforceopposingtheprotagonistinanarrative；arivaloftheheroorheroine．反面人物：一个故事中和主人公相对立的人物或一种力量,是男女主人公的对手.nationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety．ThemajorfeaturesofAmericanTranscendentalismare:1。Transcendentalistsplaceemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimlifeheardbyotheractorsonstage。4/24考研英美文学名词解释poetry．Assonanceisoftenemployedtopleasetheearoremphasizecertainsounds.类韵:在诗歌中相同或相似元音的重复，它的目的主要是用来使句子悦耳动听或用来强调某r述，自传是一种叙述性的文体,多包含回忆性的描写。ﻩItisarelativelyshortnarrativepoem，writtentobesung,withriptionsanduseconcisedialogues.e.17ﻫBalladStanza(民谣诗节)ﻫAtypeoffour-linestanza,tearly1960s．Theysharedasetofsocialattitudes－-anti－esentativesofthegroupwereAllenGinsbergwithhislongpoemHowlandJackKerouacwithhisOntheRoad．5/24考研英美文学名词解释toadulthood，andinwhichcharacters’changeisthusextre20.Biography(传记)Adetailedaccountofaperson‘slifewrittenbyanotherper21.Blackcomedy/Blackhumor(黑色幽默)hnique23。BlankVerse(无韵体诗)Versewritteninunrhymediambicpentameter。ItistheversefWilliamShakespeareandJohnMilton.ﻫ素体诗:用五音步抑扬格写的andinexhaustibleenergies。6/24考研英美文学名词解释dtheReformedchurches．arlypopularamongEnglishCavalierpoets.CarpeDiemmeans27.Canto(篇/章)erPopestheRapeoftheLockandByron’sDonJuanaredividedi诗章:长诗的一部分.flatcharacter,whichispresentedwithoutmuchindividualizing人物:在短篇小说的欣赏中，人物是必不可少一个元素.人物是喜剧或小说中所描写的人.福斯特把人物划分为两类,扁平型人物和圆型人物.扁平型人物往往缺乏个人化的细节描写而圆型人物则在性格和行为动机上较为复杂。ioersonalthemes.ﻫ古典主义：一种在文学,艺术，音乐领域体现古代希腊，罗马风格的运动.ative.ﻫhahealthy,amicablearmisticebetweentheprotagonistandsoc7/24考研英美文学名词解释tin冲突：故事，小说,戏剧中相对的力量和人物之间的对立。对句:两个连续押韵的诗行。英雄双行体的对句一般都为抑扬格五音步.setthemselvesthetaskofcriticizingcapitalistsocietyfroma批判现实主义：批判现实主义在19世纪40年代达到高潮。批判现实主义作家们往往把从民主的角度批评和揭露资本主义社会的丑恶视为己任,但他们并没有找到治疗社会弊病的良方.916－1923)thatsoughtthediscoveryofauthenticrealitythroughthet8/24考研英美文学名词解释39．Darwinism(达尔文主义)ItisatermthatcomesfromCharlesDarwin'sevolutionarytheormsoflifeandhumansarespecialnotbecauseGodcreatedthembutllyInfluencedbyDarwinismsomeAmericansthatpartofaplay，shortstory，novel，ornarrativepoeminbyforcesbeyondthecontrolofhumanbeings.Determinism，assignscontrolespeciallytoheredityandenvironment，wi42.Didacticliterature(教诲文学)rowning'sMyLastDuchessisatypicalexample.合往往对反映说话人的性格特征和诗歌的主题是至关重要的。Apoemofmourning,usuallyoverthedeathofanindividual.Anuctureandsolemnorevenmelancholyintone．9/24考研英美文学名词解释较庄重甚至是哀伤的.45.EnlightenmentMovement(启蒙运动)ndcomestoEnglandinthethcenturyItstressesthepowernendofawork．顿悟：对现实真谛的顿悟或洞察,通常出现在作品的结尾.Anepistolarynovelisaanoveltoldthroughthemediumofleo49.Essay(散文/小品文)subjectinalimitedwayandexpressesaparticularpointorrmalessayisusuallybriefandiswrittenasifthewriteriste独特的看法。小品文的风格要么严肃要么幽默,组织或严谨或松散,情感或抒发或藏而不露.小品文大体上又分为正式的和非正式的两种.非正式的小品文一般比较短，使用对话的风格和个人化或幽默的语气，似乎在给读者针对一个话题侃侃而谈。相比之下,正式的小品文则组织严谨，风格高雅，语气严肃。10/24考研英美文学名词解释lyandyDuringthetheexperimentalnovelwasthemainstreamoftheliterature.y,inwhichanumberofpainterssoughttoavoidtherepresentationofexternalrealityand，instead，toprojectahighlytionagainstrealismornaturalism,aimingatpresentinga53。Farce(轻喜剧)ﻫAtypeofcomedybasedonaridiculousalaction.ThecharactersinafarceareoftenthebuttsofpAcharacterwhohasoneortwosides，representingoneortwotrai55.Fiction(小说)倒叙:在短篇小说、小说、戏剧或叙事诗中穿插在叙述中讲述更早的一件事。57．Foreshadowing(铺垫)Theuseofhintsorcluesinanarrativetosuggestwhatwillhappenlater。Writersuseforeshadowingtocreateinterestandtobuil伏笔：在叙述中使用暗示或线索来预示将要发生的事情,作家们使用伏笔来增加读者的兴趣11/24考研英美文学名词解释dinhisworkAPortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan。ﻫFreeverseAkindofpoetrythatlacksregularmetesires，andinhibitionsdominatehumanbehavior.AlotofmbyFreudianismdeeply。61．Genre(体裁)enntedcastles.63．GraveyardSchool(墓地派诗歌)TheGraveyardSchoolreferstoaschoolofpoetsofthe18thcentrmeditationonlife，pastandpresent，withdeathandgraveyHarlemRenaissanceisaperiodofremarkablecreativityintinguishedwriterswhoarepartofthemovementincludeLangstonHughesandRichardWright。12/24考研英美文学名词解释65。HemingwayCodeHero(海明威式英雄)AsaconceptfromHemingway'sworks，codeheroisdefinedbyHemingwayasamanwholivescorrectly，followingtheidealsofhonmanofdecidedlymasculinetastes，amanwhoissensitiveandi雄双韵体..67ﻫHumanism(人文主义)epresentlife。Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecentrmb－-thatis，anunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyll五步抑扬格:一种诗句形式，每行诗句包含五个抑扬格音步。意象：用来在读者的思维中唤起某种图示或形象的词汇.edandexemplifiedbyagroupofEnglishandAmericanwritersinLoat13/24考研英美文学名词解释Itisastyleofpaintingthatgivestheimpressionmadebythetersacceptedthesameconvictionthatthepersonalattitudesand语：一种建立在字面表述和真实意义上或期待产生的结果和真实的结果之间的对比。73.JazzAge(爵士乐时代)ngtheprominentconcernsandtrendsoftheperiodarethepublicembraceoftechnologicaldevelopmentsaswellasnewasethatdescribespersons,thingsoreventinametaphorwhisionplayswhoseheroesusuallycouealismwhichoftendepictedthedomesticsituationsofworkingWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridgeandRobertSo14/24考研英美文学名词解释nndepictsthecharactersfromaspecificsettingorofaneksoflocalcoloristsistowriteorpresentlocalcharacte77。LostGeneration(迷惘的一代)swdwascrazyandmeaninglessandfutile．Thecomingofthephrasllformsofthelyric．79.Melodrama(情节剧)ﻫAdramathathasstereotypedcharacters，Itittheliterarytermdescribingdictionalwritingthatself-con15/24考研英美文学名词解释thereaderforgetheorsheisreadingafictionalwork。Afigureofspeechthatmakesacomparisonbetweentwothingkingthecomparison．82.MetaphysicalPoets(玄学派诗人)Agroupof17th-centurypoetswhoemployedtheterminologyneinfluencedbyNeo—Platonism。ThisgroupwasbestrepresentedphysicalpoetryareJohnDonne，AndrewMarvellandGeorgeHerbertMetaphysicalpoetrymarkedasharpdeparturefromtheprevailingtrendandhadgreatinfluenceamongthepoetsofthetime.84.Meter(格律)l格律:诗歌中通常的重读音节和非重读音节的排列模式。16/24考研英美文学名词解释87.Mockepic(讽刺史诗)heroicpoem．ﻫ讽刺史诗:一种用史诗的宏大风格来描写微不足道的事情的喜剧形式.88.Modernism(现代主义)andflourisheduntil1950s.ModernismtakestheirrationalArecurrentthematicelementinanartisticorliterarywork．主题：艺术品或文学作品中反复体现的、揭示主题的部分。叙事诗:讲述一个故事的诗歌.Likedescription，narrationisapartofconversationandwrn92.Narrator(叙述者)ﻫOnewhonarratesortellsastory.Astoryrratorcanalsorefertoacharacterinadramawhoguidestheaetimesparticipatinginit．n17/24考研英美文学名词解释telNovel(小说)plot97.Ode(颂歌)ﻫUsuallyalyricpoemofmoderatelength,withawrature,asKeats’OdetoaNightingaleorShelly’sOdetotheWestW98．OttavaRima(八行体)heffectthroughtheuseofexaggerationormockery.Inliteratd18/24考研英美文学名词解释irWalterRaleigh’sTheNymph’sReplytotheShepherd.Raleigﻫer‘sfeelingsofpity,sorrow,orcompassionforacharacter。ﻫ悲怅：文学艺术作品的一种引发读者怜悯,同情或伤感的特质。ﻫholzationofRebeccaSharpisverymuchpsychologicalsequenceofeventsoractionsinashortstory，novel，playornunityandorder。Forthewriter，theplotistheguidingprid,isthemostimportantelementofaplot.nTheperspectivefromwhichastoryistold。Themostobviouspoidfromthepointofviewofacharacter,inthethirdperson.Thracter’sspeechwithoutcommentoremotion。Thereaderhastointerpretthemanduncovertheirmeanings.Anarratormaybe19/24考研英美文学名词解释108.Postmodernism(后现代主义)Thetermisusedtodescribecertaintendenciesinpost-WWIItsernistapostmodernistliteraturefindakindoffulfillmentinthemItreferstotheheroorcentralcharacterwhoisoftenhinderedbysomesorherobjectives．ﻫscheme.Quatrainsusuallyfollowanabab，abbaorabcbrhymescheme.112.Renaissance(文艺复兴)113.Refrain(叠句)ﻫAwordphrase,line，orgroupoflines114.Rhyme(压韵)20/24考研英美文学名词解释115.Romance(传奇故事)ﻫAnyimaginativeliteraturethatissetinanidealizedworldandthatdealswithheroicadventuresandbattlesbetweengoodcharactersandvillainsormonsters.Originnn传奇故事：设定在想象世界中的以英雄冒险和善恶之间的斗争为题材的文学作品。ﻫephilosophy，music，andartinwesterncultureduringthemostofthelate18thcentury，beginningasarevoltagainonandnaturalbeautyTheEnglishRomanticperiodisanageAroundcharacterisamajorcharacterinaworkoffictionotivesandotherfeaturesoftheroundcharacterstendtobemore讽刺:一种讽刺个人，习俗或人性中的缺点或错误的文体.ﻫ119.Scansion(韵律分析)ng(六行诗)poemorstanza.ﻫ21/24考研英美文学名词解释narrative，drama,ornoveltakesplace。ﻫ背景：记叙文、戏剧或小说发生aunlikethings。ﻫ明喻:两种事物之间借助于比喻词汇进行的比较。eThetermisderivedfhcentury，ithadcometosignifyapoemoffourteenlinesthatfollowastrictrhymeschemeadspecificstructure．Ttwopatternsofrhymeinsonnetswritteninthehe14th－centuryItalianpoetPetrarchfallsintotwomainphicernAmerica．SouthernGothicemployselementssuchastheinthlineiswritteniniambichexameterandiscallan128.Stanza(诗节)22/24考研英美文学名词解释verselineswhichusuallycomprisemeterandrhyme.th