2022届高考英语二轮复习（湖南版）信息的表述

第25讲信息的表述

2(湖南省长沙市一中2011届高三月考七)AccordingtothesurprisingfindingsofanewstudybyU.S.investigators,chewingsugarlessgumduringclassandwhiledoinghomeworkcanhaveapositiveeffectonacademicperformanceinteenagers.3StudyleaderCraigA.JohnstonoftheChildren'sNutritionResearchCenteratBaylorCollegeofMedicineinHouston,Texas,andhiscolleaguesstudiedmorethan100eighth­gradestudents,52girlsand56boys,agedbetween13and16years,infourmathclasses.Theexpertsrandomly(任意地)assignedteenagersintotwogroups:onegroupwasaskedtochewWrigley'ssugar­freegumduringclass,whiledoinghomework,andalsowhileperformingastandardizedtest.Theychewedatleastonestickofgum86percentofthetimetheywereinmathclassand36percentofthetimetheyweredoinghomework.Theparticipantsoftheothergroupdidnot.4Johnstonandhisteamfoundthat14weekslater,thegumchewershada3percentincreaseintheirmathscoresontheTexasAssessmentofKnowledgeandSkillsachievementtest,asmallbutstatisticallysignificantchange,accordingtoexperts.TherewasnodifferencefoundinmathscoresbetweentheparticipantsinthetwogroupsinanothertestcalledtheWoodcockJohnstonⅢTestsofAchievement.However,theexperimentrevealed(展现)thatgum­chewershadbetterfinalgradesintheclasscomparedtotheirnon­chewingpeers(同龄人).AccordingtoJohnston,chewinggumreducesstressandanxietyaswellasitincreasesarousal(兴奋).5Researcherssaythatthestudiesandresearcharefocusedoninvestigatingtheeffectofchewinggumonfocus,alertness,concentration,situationalstress,weightcontrolandoralhealth.Accordingtothem,thestudyisreallymeaningfulandshouldraiseinterestinparents“whenrelatedtosmallstepsthatcanleadtobetteracademicperformance.”Thenewstudyisbeingbuiltonpreviousresearchthatwasconductedinalaboratorysettingandshowedthatgumchewingcanhelpreducestress,improvealertnessandrelieveanxiety.Thecurrentfindings,forthefirsttime,provideapossibleroleforchewingguminhelpingtoimproveacademicperformanceina“reallife”classroomsetting.6

Asurprisingfinding—chewinggumresultsin1.________Ⅰ.Purposeofthestudy:Toinvestigatetheeffectofchewinggumonfocus,alertness,concentration,situationalstress,weightcontroland2.________.7Ⅱ.Theresearch:◆Researchers:Craig A.Johnstonand3.________◆Participants:4.________eighth­gradestudentsagedbetween13and16years◆Contents:8◆Results:●Gum­chewers'mathscoresincreasingby8.________ontheTexasAssessmentofKnowledgeandSkillsachievementtest●9.________intheWoodcockJohnstonIIITestsofAchievementbetweenthetwogroups●Gum­chewershavingbetterfinalgradesⅢ.Researchers'Analysis:◆Chewinggumreduces10.________.◆Chewinggumincreasesarousal.

该文为说明文。主要讲述的是科学家发现青少年在上课期间或在做家庭作业时口嚼口香糖对学习成绩提高有积极作用。思路点拨10【答案及解析】1.betteracademicperformance/highermarks概括改写题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段内容可推知。

2.oralhealth直接题。根据倒数第二段Researcherssaythatthestudiesandresearcharefocusedoninvestigatingtheeffectofchewinggumonfocus,alertness,concentration,situationalstress,weightcontrolandoralhealth.可得知。11【答案及解析】3.hiscolleagues/team直接题。根据第二段StudyleaderCraigA.JohnstonoftheChildren'sNutritionResearchCenteratBaylorCollegeofMedicineinHouston,Texas,andhiscolleaguesstudied…可得知。

4.over100/morethan100直接题。根据第二段…morethan100eighth­gradestudents,52girlsand56boys,agedbetween13and16years,infourmathclasses.可得知。12【答案及解析】5.14weeks直接题。根据第三段Johnstonandhisteamfoundthat14weekslater可得知。

6.mathclass(es)直接题。根据第二段Theychewedatleastonestickofgum86percentofthetimetheywereinmathclassand36percentofthetimetheyweredoinghomework.可得知。13【答案及解析】7.Chewingnogum/Notchewinggum改写题。根据第三段theexperimentrevealed(展现)thatgum­chewershadbetterfinalgradesintheclasscomparedtotheirnon­chewingpeers(同龄人)可得知。

8.3percent直接题。根据第三段第一句Johnstonandhisteamfoundthat14weekslater,thegumchewershada3percentincreaseintheirmathscores…可得知。14【答案及解析】9.Nodifference/(Almost)thesame直接题。根据第三段TherewasnodifferencefoundinmathscoresbetweentheparticipantsinthetwogroupsinanothertestcalledtheWoodcockJohnstonⅢTestsofAchievement.可得知。

10.stressandanxiety直接题。根据第三段chewinggumreducesstressandanxiety…

理解是前提，而表述是目的和归宿。要正确有效地表述信息要注意以下几点：

一、注意文字的简洁性有以下几个规律可循：

(1)用名词所有格形式“'s”代替介词of。如Citizens'longerliving就巧妙地运用了名词所有格形式“'s”，如用of,则变成了thelongerlivingofcitizens,在字数上不符合要求。(2)词性转换。如“The‘graying’oftheUnitedStates”，在表达时运用词性转换技巧，将原来的名词gray转换成现在分词时，含有动态意义，表示“逐渐变老”，言简意赅。(3)句子结构转换。主要通过加工压缩信息抓住要点。言简意赅，击中要害。因此怎样加工压缩信息就成了广大考生必备的一种技能。一般的，阅读填空题要掌握以下几种技能：①词形变形能力。主要是看其前后的动词形式再作确认。如果前后都是动词原形那就不变；如果前后是v.­ing形式，那就要随其变形。②删减多余词汇能力。一般主要是删去不影响主要意思表达的修饰词汇。如形容词、副词、冠词等等。如今年湖南高考的第76题删去了creating；第79题去掉了修饰形容词various。③以群体代替个体。如有的将a/an＋n.变为其对应的复数形式。④原意改换能力。或用同义或近义词代替；或用反义词或派生词改换；或用从句改写，或用意思接近的名词短语代替原句较长的句子。如今年高考题第73题。原句是Somecanhelpfindtherightschoolsbasedonone'sinterests.在例举式表格中Findtherightschoolsthatone__73__.根据原句basedonone'sinterests可得知答案用同意句改写替换。即：is/becomesinterestedin或shows/takes/hasinterestin；再如短文中的