思科交换机入门基础培训课件

思科交换机入门基础培训PPT思科交换机入门基础培训PPT思科交换机入门基础培训PPTLayer3Routing每个端口为一个广播域在不同的分段可以应用ACL存在问题每个端口花费成本过高要求路由实现三层处理延时高于二层交换Layer3Routing每个端口为一个广播域在不同的分段可以应用ACL存在问题每个端口花费成本过高要求路由实现三层处理延时高于二层交换MultilayerSwitching组成Layer2switchingLayer3switchingLayer4switching高速可靠低延时分级网络模型分层的园区网络WhatIsanVLAN?逻辑子网，一个VLAN就是一个广播域VLANConfigurationModesGlobalModeSwitch#configureterminalSwitch(config)#vlan3Switch(config-vlan)#nameVlan3Switch(config-vlan)#exitSwitch(config)#endVLANAccessPortsTheaccessswitchportassociatedwithasingledataVLANConfiguringanAccessVLANSwitch(config)#vlanvlan_idCreateaVLAN.Switch(config-vlan)#namevlan_nameProvideaVLANname.Switch(config-if)#switchportmodeaccessPlacetheswitchportintoaccessmode.Switch(config-if)#switchportaccessvlanvlan_idAssociatetheaccessswitchportwithaVLAN.MaintainingSpecificVLANIdentificationSpecificallydevelopedformulti-VLANinterswitch

communicationsPlacesauniqueidentifierineachframeFunctionsatLayer2VLANTrunkingTrunkingwith802.1QAnIEEEstandardAddsa4-bytetagtotheoriginalframeAdditionaltagincludesapriorityfieldDoesnottagframesthatbelongtothenativeVLANSupportsCiscoIPtelephonyTrunkingwithISLIsaCiscoproprietaryprotocolSupportsPVSTUsesanencapsulationprocessDoesnotmodifytheoriginalframe802.1QTrunkConfigurationSwitch(config)#interfacefastethernet5/8

Switch(config-if)#shutdown

Switch(config-if)#switchporttrunkencapsulationdot1q

Switch(config-if)#switchporttrunkallowedvlan1,5,11,1002-1005

Switch(config-if)#switchportmodetrunk

Switch(config-if)#switchportnonegotiate

Switch(config-if)#noshutdownLayer3SVISVIonaMultilayerSwitchConfigureiproutinginterfacevlan10ipaddress10.1.1.1255.255.255.0interfacevlan20ipaddress10.2.2.1255.255.255.0Verifyshowiproute路由问题:UsingDefaultGatewaysRouterRedundancyRouterRedundancyHSRP热备份路由协议在HSRP组中的多台路由器共同虚拟出一台virtualrouterTheactiverouterrespondstoARPrequestswiththeMACaddressofthevirtualrouter.TheActiveRouterTheVirtualRouterMACAddressTheStandbyRouterThestandbyrouterlistensforperiodichellomessageson224.0.0.2.ActiveandStandbyRouter交互HSRPStatesAnHSRProutercanbeinoneofsixdifferentstates:InitialLearnListenSpeakStandbyActiveHSRPInitialStateHSRPLearnStateHSRPListenStateHSRPSpeakStateHSRPStandbyStateHSRPActiveStateHSRPConfigurationDisplayingtheStandbyBriefStatusSwitch#showstandbybriefPindicatesconfiguredtopreempt.|InterfaceGrpPrioPStateActiveaddrStandbyaddrGroupaddrVl1111110Activelocal172.16.11.114172.16.11.115HSRP优化TheseoptionscanbeconfiguredtooptimizeHSRP:HSRPstandbypriorityHSRPstandbypreemptHellomessagetimersHSRPinterfacetrackingConfiguringHSRPStandbyPriorityTherouterwiththehighestpriorityinanHSRPgroupbecomestheactiverouter.Thedefaultpriorityis100.Inthecaseofatie,therouterwiththehighestconfiguredIPaddresswillbecomeactive.ConfiguringHSRPStandbyPreemptPreemptenablesaroutertoresumetheforwardingrouterrole.ConfiguringtheHelloMessageTimersTheholdtimeparametervalueshouldbeatleastthreetimesthevalueofthehellotimeparameter.HSRPInterfaceTrackingHSRPInterfaceTracking(Cont.)ConfiguringHSRPTrackingSwitch(config-if)#standby[group-number]tracktypenumber[interface-priority]ConfiguresHSRPtrackingSwitch(config)#interfacevlan10Switch(config-if)#standby1trackGigabitEthernet0/750Switch(config-if)#standby1trackGigabitEthernet0/860ExampleofHSRPtrackingNote: