高考英语一轮专题重组卷第一部分语法专辑-全国名校名卷优选练语法专题5非谓语动词含解析

语法专题五非谓语动词(一)动词不定式eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ.单句语法填空：根据句意，在空线处填上适当的非谓语动词。)1．(2019·兰州高三实战演练)Here'syourchance________(decide)whatemojisbestrepresentChineseculture.答案：todecidechancetodosth.“做某事的机会”。故填todecide。2．(2019·天津市南开区“三月高考”模拟)Schoolchildrenmustbetaughthow________(deal)withdangeroussituations.答案：todeal“how＋todo”相当于名词的结构，作taught的宾语。故填todeal。3．(2019·宁夏大学附属中学高三一模)Clearly,positiveinstructionshelpkidstounderstandtherightway________(do)things.答案：todothewaytodosth.“做某事的方式”，动词不定式作后置定语。故填todo。4．(2019·辽宁省葫芦岛市高三一模)Thereisnobody________(blame)butyourselfifyoursetofchoicesdoesnotmatchthatofyourpreferredemployer.答案：toblame此处用动词不定式作定语。sb.betoblameforsth.“某人应为某事负责任”。这里blame只能用主动形式表示被动含义。5．(2019·浙江省名校协作体高三联考)OneuserofChinaUnicomclaimedthatittookhimonlyninedays________(use)upthedatapackageofamonth.答案：tousetakesb.sometimetodosth.“花费某人多长时间做某事”。故填touse。6．(2019·天津市十二重点中学高三毕业班联考)Wecametothestationrunningalltheway,only________(tell)thetrainhadjustleft.答案：tobetoldonlytodosth.“不料竟会……；却……”，这里用动词不定式表示出乎意料之外的结果。这里表示“被告之”，故填tobetold。7．(2019·黑龙江省鹤岗一中高三月考)Janiefeltlikethatnot________(admit)thismightriskhernewfriendships.答案：toadmit从句中缺主语，所以此处用不定式作主语，表具体、将来的动作。8．(2019·浙江杭州高三质量检测)Theaimis________(fool)theDiscriminatorintothinkingthatthenewimagesarereal­lifeportraits.答案：tofool这里用动词不定式作表语，故填tofool。9．(2019·广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)Theyarepretending________(keep)ahealthyandwiseattitudetowardsfailuresimplybecausetheyareincapableofsucceeding.答案：tokeeppretendtodosth.“假装做某事”，所以此处是动词不定式作宾语，故答案为tokeep。10．(2019·福建厦门一中高三期末)Allthesemakegeothermalpowerstationseasy________(build)andkeep.答案：tobuildsb./sth.is＋adj.＋todo且sb./sth.是不定式的逻辑宾语，则用不定式的主动式表被动含义，easytodo“容易去做……”，故填tobuild。11．(2019·天津市部分区高三质量调查)In2012,SunYangbecamethefirstChineseman________(win)anOlympicgoldmedalinswimming.答案：towin当名词前有序数词修饰时，后接动词不定式作定语，故填towin。12．(2019·新疆维吾尔自治区第二次适应性考试)It'sagoodidea________(join)aclubortakeaclass.答案：tojoin本句中，it为形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，故填tojoin。13．(2019·兰州一中高三月考)Theoldtownisdefinitelyworthy________(see).答案：tobeseen/ofbeingseensth.beworthytobedone/ofbeingdone为固定搭配，此处表示这座古镇非常值得观看，故填tobeseen/ofbeingseen。14．(2019·广东普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟)Theytookadvantageoftheiremergencypowersupply________(bake)bread.答案：tobake此处用todo表目的，takeadvantageofsth.todo“利用……做某事”，故填tobake。15．(2019·闽粤赣三省十校联考模拟)It'shardtochooseoneplaceorcity________(visit)．答案：tovisit动词不定式作定语修饰其前的名词，故填tovisit。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ.单句改错：下面每句各有一处错误，请把答案写在句子后面的横线上。)1．(2019·陕西宝鸡质检)Whenwearehappy,wewouldlikeshareourhappinesswithothers,makingthemknowourenjoyment.__________________________________________________________________答案：like后加towouldliketodosth.“想要做某事”。故在like后加to。2．(2019·天津市河北区高三年级质量检测)Youaresupposedtoleavingyourchildtodohishomeworkalone.__________________________________________________________________答案：leaving→leavebesupposedtodosth.“应该做某事”，故把leaving改为leave。3．(2019·山西省吕梁市高三一模)ThepublicwasshockedhearinghowawomanwasmurderedinNewYorkcity.__________________________________________________________________答案：hearing→tohearbeshockedtodosth.“对做某事感到震惊”，故把hearing改为tohear。4．(2019·安徽省蚌埠市高三第二次教学质量检测)Itismeantshowinggratefulnesstotheoriginoflife.__________________________________________________________________答案：showing→toshowbemeanttodosth.“应该做某事”。故把showing改为toshow。5．(2019·安徽省黄山市高三毕业班第二次质量检测)So,HuaweiwillmakeeffortsacceleratetheintelligentconstructionofthePalaceMuseum.__________________________________________________________________答案：accelerate前加tomakeeffortstodosth.“努力做某事”。故在accelerate前加to。6．(2019·安徽安庆市高三二模)InmodernChina,tosearchingforwork,manypeoplehavetomoveawayfromhome.__________________________________________________________________答案：searching→search此处为动词不定式表目的，to后接动词原形。故把searching改为search。7．(2019·天津市河东区高三一模)Whencaughtcheatingintheexam,hebeggedfortheteacher'spardonandtriedescapingpunishment.__________________________________________________________________答案：escaping→toescapetrytodosth.“努力做某事”，故把escaping改为toescape。8．(2019·湖南省怀化市高三第二次模拟考试)Sincethen,we'veworkedtogethertobepromotedourclub.__________________________________________________________________答案：bepromoted→promote动词不定式表目的且we和promote之间是主动关系，故将bepromoted改为promote。9．(2019·吉林长春一模)IfailedpasstheEnglishtestlasttermbecauseIwasnotgoodatEnglish.__________________________________________________________________答案：pass前加tofailtodosth.“做某事失败”，故在pass前加to。10．(2019·内蒙古包头一模)Iwenttotheseasidetospendingmysummerholidaywithmyfamily.__________________________________________________________________答案：spending→spend此处为动词不定式作目的状语，后接动词原形。故把spending改为spend。11．(2019·吉林长春普通高中质检一)Asaresult,Ihadnochoicebutfocusonmystudy.__________________________________________________________________答案：but后加tohavenochoicebuttodosth.“别无选择只有做某事”，故在but后加to。12．(2019·广东普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟)Instead,weshouldtakepositiveactionsavingourselvesandhelpothers.__________________________________________________________________答案：saving→tosavetakepositiveaction后接动词不定式表示目的。故把saving改为tosave。13．(2019·山东济宁高三一模)Woodthatallowslightpassthroughcouldleadtoabrighterfutureforhomesandbuildings.__________________________________________________________________答案：pass前加toallowsb./sth.todosth.“允许……做某事”。故在pass前加to。14．(2019·山西吕梁高三上学期一模)Thepunishmentturnedouttobeamixedblessing,forhealsohadtheopportunityplayinginarealband.__________________________________________________________________答案：playing→toplaytheopportunitytodosth.“做某事的机会”，动词不定式作后置定语，故把playing改为toplay。15．(2019·福建厦门一中高三上期末模拟)Visitorsarestronglyadvisedtakingoutprivatetravelinsurance.__________________________________________________________________答案：taking→totakeadvisesb.todosth.“建议某人做某事”，此处为其被动语态，故把taking改为totake。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ.单句写作：根据句意和括号内内容的提示，在空线处填上适当的答案。)1．(2019·天津市静海区高三三校联考)______________thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity'sgassupplysystemthoroughly.(为了确保)答案：Toensure2．(2019·海南儋州一中统测)Thatmeanstobaccomanufacturerswillbeforced______________theircigarettesinplainpackets.(打包)答案：topack3．(2019·山东济南外国语学校第一次月考)InEnglish,however,thesituationisdifferent.Peopleuse“Everydoghashisday”______________aperiodofgoodfortune.(描述)答案：todescribe4．(2019·湖北黄冈9月质量检测)Theeventservesnotonlyasaspectacularceremonytomemorizetheworld­famousChinesephilosopher,butachance____________________________togetherwithotherlocalcommunities.(庆祝中国文化)答案：tocelebrateChineseculture5．(2019·甘肃兰州一中9月月考)He____________________anenvironmentforhisstudentsthatismuchmorerelaxingthantheoneheusedtostudyin.(希望创造)答案：hopestocreate6．(2019·河北邯郸高三一模)He________________________it.(迫不及待地去读)答案：can'twaittoread7．(2019·山东菏泽一模)Robertgaveuphissix­figuresalary__________________RLC(RescuingLeftoverCuisine).(集中)答案：tofocus/concentrateon8．(2019·深圳市高三模拟)Confuciustaughtthat____________somebody,youshouldstartwithpoems.(为了教育)答案：toeducate9．(2019·山东济宁高三一模)Theresearcherswereable____________theleveloftransparency(透明性).(调节)答案：toadjust10．(2019·山西吕梁高三上学期一模)WhenOliverleftforChicago,Armstrongchose____________inNewOrleans.(停留，暂住)答案：tostay(二)分词和动名词eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ.单句语法填空：根据句意，在空线处填上适当的非谓语动词。)1．(2019·陕西宝鸡中学高三三模)Shespentalmost12years________(work)asaslavemaidinKathmandu,thecapitalofNepal.答案：workingspendsometime(in)doingsth.“花费时间做某事”，故填working。2．(2019·浙江省名校协作体高三联考)Companiesareusing“userprivacy”toavoid________(give)outanyinformation.答案：givingavoiddoingsth.“避免做某事”。3．(2019·广州市高三年级调研)Thereporthighlightsthemajorproblems________(face)societytoday.答案：facing这是v.－ing作后置定语，表示主动和进行。4．(2019·天津市东丽区高三毕业班质量监测)________(involve)themselvesinthecommunityservices,studentscangainexperienceforgrowth.答案：Involvingstudents和involve之间是主动关系，故填现在分词Involving。5．(2019·广东惠州市高三第二次调研考试)Also,________(stay)awakeintothenightwasanewideathatwasattractivetocuriousminds.答案：staying表一般性事实，故此处用动名词短语作主语。6．(2019·天津市十二重点中学高三毕业班联考)Theydideverythingintheirpowertosavethebuilding________(date)backtotheQingDynasty,buttheireffortswereinvain.答案：datingdatebackto“追溯到，属于……年代”，一般用主动形式，此处building与datebackto构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。7．(2019·浙江省稽阳联谊学校高三10月联考)Calligraphy(书法),________(consider)asoneoftheuniquetraditionalChinesearts,hasalonghistoryofabout1,000years.答案：consideredCalligraphy与consider之间为被动关系，此处过去分词短语作后置定语修饰主语，故填considered。8．(2019·山西阳泉高三一模)Somehowitjustdoesn'tseemworth________(bother)ifnooneelseisgoingtoeatit.答案：botheringworthdoing“值得做某事”，故填bothering。9．(2019·安徽五校联盟第二次质量检测)When________(visit)thisremarkablecity,youtendtoforgetyourtroublesjustforamoment.答案：visiting主语you和visit之间是主动关系，故填现在分词visiting。10．(2019·浙江省“五校联考”第一次考试)TheBritishMuseum,________(locate)intheBloomsburyareaofLondon,isthefirstnationalpublicmuseumdedicatedtohumanhistory,artandculture.答案：located句意：大英博物馆位于伦敦的布卢姆斯伯里地区，是第一个致力于人类历史、艺术和文化的国家公共博物馆。belocatedin...为固定搭配，意为“坐落于……，位于……”，本句用过去分词located作状语表示状态，故填located。11．(2019·福建厦门一中高三期末)Geothermalheatsystemsrequire25%to50%lessenergyforwork________(compare)withthetraditionalsystemsforheatingorcooling.答案：comparedwork和compare之间是被动关系，故填过去分词compared作状语。12．(2019·广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)Theyprefertostayintheirownpeacefulworldwithout________(disturb)andcarelittleaboutpassionorsuccess.答案：beingdisturbed句意：他们宁愿待在自己的平和世界里，不被打扰，也不关心激情和成功。介词without后面用名词或动名词，另外，句子主语They和disturb之间存在被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式beingdone。13．(2019·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研考试)Afterdrinkingacupoftea,shefoundherselfcompletely________(refresh),andsheevenpraiseditasacureforallillnesses.答案：refreshed喝了一杯茶后，她发现自己完全恢复了精神。herself和refresh构成动宾关系，因而用过去分词作宾语补足语。14．(2019·山东高考模拟)If________(interest),pleasecontactpell.Lab.study@gmail.comorPellLab:514－398－4400.答案：interestedif引导的省略句，补充完整为Ifyouareinterested“如果你感兴趣的话”。15．(2019·山东潍坊高考模拟)Yourtourguidetakesgreatpridein________(offer)amazingcustomerservice.答案：offeringin是介词，后接名词或者动名词。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ.单句改错：下面每句各有一处错误，请把答案写在句子后面的横线上。)1．(2019·兰州高三实战模拟)Theyjustsitaroundwhiletheirhard­workingcolleaguesgetthingsdoing.__________________________________________________________________答案：doing→done此处为非谓语动词作get的宾语补足语，thing和do之间为被动关系，故把doing改为done。2．(2019·长春市普通高中高三质量监测)Ifoundalittledirtydogbytheroadtrembledunderthebush.__________________________________________________________________答案：trembled→trembling句中动词tremble与谓语动词之间没有连词，应用其非谓语动词形式，且逻辑主语alittledirtydog与tremble之间为主动关系，故用其现在分词形式。3．(2019·北京市门头沟高三一模)Decoratewithflowersandballoons,theroomwaswarmandcomfortable.__________________________________________________________________答案：Decorate→Decoratedtheroom和Decorate之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。4．(2019·河北石家庄高三一模)Overthecenturies,calligrapherswerefreetowriteinanyofthem,dependonthetext'sfunction.__________________________________________________________________答案：depend→dependingdepend和主语calligraphers之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故把depend改为depending。5．(2019·安徽省示范高中高三考试)SeenIwasnervousabouteatingwithchopsticks,Tonygavemesomeinstructions.__________________________________________________________________答案：Seen→Seeing句意：看到我对用筷子吃饭很紧张，托尼给了我一些指导。see的逻辑主语是Tony，两者之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。6．(2019·河北衡水高三模拟)Thesolarhighwayisa2kmstretch(一段)ofroadlayingontheJinanCityExpressway,andit'sdividedintothreelayers.__________________________________________________________________答案：laying→lyingroad与lie之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语，故把laying改为lying。7．(2019·黑龙江哈三中一模)WegatheredattheSunshineSquareandgaveoutleafletstopassers­by,tellthemtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.__________________________________________________________________答案：tell→tellingwe和tell之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。8．(2019·宁夏银川一中一模)Iagreethatgetmyownplaceandbecomingindependentaretwoimportantwaysformetopreserveprivacy.__________________________________________________________________答案：get→gettingand连接两个并列主语，即getmyownplace与becomingindependent是并列主语，故把get改为getting。9．(2019·重庆4月调研)Moreover,itmaymakecommunicateeffectivelywithothersfacetofaceless.__________________________________________________________________答案：communicate→communicating分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，make后面接名词或者动名词作宾语，故用动名词。10．(2019·陕西榆林一模)SofarwehaveorganizedvarietiesofactivitiesonEnglishlearning,suchaswatchingEnglishfilmsandgettogetherwithforeignstudents.__________________________________________________________________答案：get→getting根据前面watchingEnglishfilmsand的提示可知，后面get的短语也应该用动名词形式。11．(2019·河北唐山市高三年级摸底考试)Nothavetriedthiskindofjob,wethoughtitwaseasytoteachlittlekids.__________________________________________________________________答案：have→havinghavetried和谓语动词thought之间没有连词，故用其非谓语动词形式，且逻辑主语we和try之间是主动关系，且try这一动作发生在谓语动作之前，所以用现在分词的完成式，故将have改为having。12．(2019·宁夏银川一中一模)IamwritingtoexpressmycongratulationstoyouonyourwinningfirstplaceintheEnglishSpeechCompetitionholdingrecently.__________________________________________________________________答案：holding→heldtheEnglishSpeechCompetition和hold之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。13．(2019·广东华南师大附中联考)DujiangyanstillletswaterflowthroughtheMinjiangRivernaturally,enableecosystem(生态系统)andfishpopulationtoexistinharmony.__________________________________________________________________答案：enable→enabling句子已有谓语动词lets，enable与谓语动词间无连词，故应用非谓语形式；且此处表示一种自然而然的结果，故用现在分词形式作结果状语。14．(2019·北京第四中学高考模拟)Shewillfacethechallengeofrideabiketoschool.__________________________________________________________________答案：ride→ridingof是介词，后面接名词或者动名词，故把ride改为riding。15．(2019·闽粤赣三省十校联考模拟)Howcanyourecreatethatspecialmomentinfluencebyplaceandtime?__________________________________________________________________答案：influence→influencedspecialmoment和influence之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ.选词填空：从表格中选出符合句意的单词，并用其适当形式填空。)eq\x(hang，hold，make，say，disappear，play，ask，research，write，stick)1．(2019·南师大附中、淮阴中学等四校期初联考)Youneedtohelptakecareoftheirpetsandplants,________surethateverythingrunssmoothlyjustasiftheownerwereathome.答案：making此处用现在分词作结果状语。2．(2019·北京市海淀区高三4月期中)Sothescientistssay________outonacoldmorningmayboosttheresultofanytestthatday.答案：hanging此处表述科学家们说，在寒冷的早晨外出可能会促进当天任何测试的结果。这里用动名