专题2形容词和副词暑假初升高完美衔接（高一专用）

专题2形容词和副词热身训练训练1形容词的作用与位置1.形容词作前置定语。JimandIshare________tastesandhobbies.Nowonderyoutakepartinlotsofmeaningfulsocialactivitiestogether.【2022安徽】A.separateB.weakC.similarD.double2.形容词用作定语,修饰不定代词时,通常后置。Theideaof“sunshinesport'〞makesitpossibleforkidstochooseanddo________aboutsportaslongasonehoureveryday.【黑龙江哈尔滨】A.pleasantsomethingB.anythingpleasantC.nothingpleasantD.pleasanteverything3.形容词作表语。Theartistisso________thathecanmakedifferentpictureswithsand.【山东滨州】A.monB.carelessC.creativeD.helpful4.形容词用作宾语补足语。LiLei'swordsmadeher________.【山东济南】A,angerB.angrilyC.angeredD.angry5.形容词之间词义的区分。The5Gtechnologycanhelpdoctorstreatpatientswhoarehundredsofkilometersaway.It'sreally________.【安徽】A.secretB.directC.amazingD.traditional答案:1.C依据“Nowonderyoutakepartinlotsofmeaningfulsocialactivitiestogether.〞可知，他们一起参与活动，所以品尝和爱好相像。依据句意可知，此处应选anythingpleasant,表示“任何快乐的事〞。3.C句意：这位艺术家如此有制造力，他可以用沙子创作出不同的图画。依据句意可知，此处选creative.4.D分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作宾语补足语。5.C依据helpdoctorstreatpatientswhoarehundredsofkilometersaway可知，5G技术特别令人惊异。训练2副词的作用与位置1.副词用来修饰形容词、动词、副词或句子。Whatplacewil1yousuggestifItraveltoyourhometown?ThebestknownMountHuangshanes________asthefirstchoice.【2022安徽】A.hardlyB.patientlyC.strangelyD.naturally作副词修饰形容词、副词时，必需后置。Whatdoyouthinkofthelecture(演讲)ofLiYang?Ithinkit's________,butsomeonethinksit'smuchtoo.【安徽芜湖】A.wonderfulenough;boredB.enoughwonderful;boringC.wonderfulenough;boringD.enoughwonderful;bored3.副词之间的词义区分。Whenyougoabroad,________forgettobringyourpassport.【2021辽宁盘锦】A.alwaysB.hardlyC.neverD.sometimes答案:1.D依据“ThebestknownMountHuangshanes...asthefirstchoice.〞可知，黄山自然是首选。2.Cenough修饰形容词时要后置，故排解B、D两项，其次空表示“令人厌倦的〞，应选C.3.Calways“总是〞；hardly“几乎不〞；never“从不〞；sometimes“有时〞。此处指出国时不要遗忘带护照，never符合语境。训练3形容词和副词的比拟等级1.原级的用法。IthinkthatEricwritesas________asBetty.Sohedoes.【南充】A.morecarefulB.morecarefullyC.mostcarefullyD.carefully2.比拟级的用法。Aftertakingtennisclasses,Timismuch________thanlastyear.【2022北京】A.strongB.strongerC.strongestD.thestrongest3.一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时，可在比拟级前加even、alot、abit、alittle、much、far等来修饰。Theexperimentwas________easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchC.muchmoreD.moremuch4.用“比拟级＋and+比拟级〞的结构表示“越来越······〞。Thenumberofgiantpandasisgetting________becausetheirlivingareasarebeingfarmlands.【江苏盐城】A.lessandlessB.largerandlargerC.smallerandsmallerD.fewerandfewer5.用“the+比拟级，the+比拟级〞表示“越······越······〞。Asmiddleschoolstudents,weshouldstudyhardforthefuture.Ithinkso.________westudynow,________futurewe'llhave.【黑龙江哈尔滨】A.Thehard;thegoodB.Theharder;thebetterC.Thehardest;thebestD.Theharder;thebest6.三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，形容词或副词用最高级。Leolikesspeedskatingandhethinksit's________eventattheBeijingWinterOlympics.【2022辽宁盘锦】A.exeitingB.moreexeitingC.mostexcitingD.themostexeiting答案:1.D句意：“我认为Eric写得和Betty一样认真。〞“的确是这样的。〞此处修饰动词writes,故使用副词；又由于此处是“as+形容词或副词原级＋as〞的结构，表示“和······一样〞，应选D.2.B句意：上了网球课之后，Tim比去年强壮多了。依据than可知，此处应用形容词strong的比拟级。是比拟级，而四个选项中只有much可以用来修饰比拟级。4.C句意：大熊猫的数量越来越少，由于他们的生存空间正渐渐变成农场。此题中四个选项都是“比拟级＋and+比拟级〞的结构，表示“越来越······〞。主语为number,只能和large或small搭配。结合句意可推断答案为C.5.B句意：现在我们学习越努力，将来我们就会越好。依据句意可知，此处是“the+比拟级，the+比拟级〞结构，表示“越······越······〞。6.D依据句意可知，Leo喜爱速滑，他认为速滑是北京冬奥会上最令人冲动的工程。空格处应填形容词的最高级形式，应选D学问对接接点1形容词1.成分成分例句定语OneofthemostmonlanguagesusedtocreatewebpagesiscalledHTML.Whoisthegreatestwomanwriteraliveintheworld?表语Aftergettingherhaircut,shelookedevenmorebeautiful.宾语补足语Withthewindowopen,manythingsintheshopwerestolenatnight.状语Thebirdfellontotheground,dead.2.比拟级和最高级形容词比拟级、最高级的变化规那么如下表：规那么原级比拟级最高级单音节形容词在词尾加er/esthighfewhigherfewerhighestfewest以字母e结尾的形容词在词尾加r/stlargewidelargerwiderlargestwidest以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，应先双写该辅音字母，然后加er/estthinbighotthinnerbiggerhotterthinnestbiggesthottest以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，须先将y变成i,然后加er/esthappyfunnyhappierfunnierhappiestfunniest多音节形容词前加more变比拟级；加most变最高级beautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful局部形容词比拟级、最高级的不规那么变化如下表：原级比拟级最高级goodbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest接点2副词1.成分副词的类型例词时间副词soon,now,early,finally,recently地点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards,above方式副词hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,carefully程度副词almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather频度副词always,often,frequently,seldom,never疑问副词how,where,when,why连接副词how,when,where,why,however,meanwhile关系副词when,where,why(1)作状语Weshouldlistentotheteacherscarefullyinclass.我们在课堂上应当认真听讲。(修饰动词)Youarequiteright.你相当正确。(修饰形容词)Heparkedthecarveryeasily.他很简单地把汽车停放好了。(修饰副词)Iusuallygotoschoolat6:40inthemorning.我通常在早上6点40分去上学。(修饰整个句子)(2)作表语作表语的副词多数是表示位置的，如in、out、on、back、down、up、off、away、upstairs.Heisin.他在家。Imustbeoffnow.我现在必需走了。(3)作宾语补足语Letthemin.让他们进来。Wesawherofftwodaysago.两天前我们为她送行。(4)作定语有时少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰词的后面。Peoplethereusedtodrinkorusethewaterintheriver.那儿的人过去常饮用那条河里的水。Peoplenowoftenhavetheirfestivaldinnersatrestaurants.现在的人常常在饭店里吃节日晚宴。【留意】副词作定语时和介词短语作定语一样，一律后置。2.副词在句中的位置(1)在形容词之前。It'sextremelyhottoday.今日很热。Windisakindofenvironmentallyfriendlyenergy,风是一种环保能源。(2)在be动词、助动词之后。I'mterriblysorryforwhatIhavedonetoyou,我为对你做过的事感到特别愧疚。(3)地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末。I'llwaitforyouhere.我将在这儿等你。(地点副词)I'llseehimoffatthestationtomorrow.明天我将去车站为他送行。(时间副词)Theboywrotethehomeworkquickly.这个男孩快速地写作业。(方式副词)有时为了强调时间，也可把时间副词放在句首。Recently,thestudentsallperformedwellhere.最近，这些同学在这里都表现很好。(4)频度副词在句子中的位置有以下两种：①在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后。Sheisalwayskindtous.她对我们总是很友好。(be动词之后)Icanneverforgettheday.我永久也不会遗忘这一天。(情态动词之后)Theworkhasneverbeendone.这项工作从未完成过。(助动词之后)②在实义动词之前。Heoftengoestoschoollate.他常常上学迟到。3.副词的比拟级和最高级(1)副词比拟级和最高级的变化规那么与形容词根本上一样。hardharderhardestfastfasterfastestearlyearlierearliest(2)局部副词比拟级、最高级的不规那么变化如下：wellbetterbestmuchmoremostbadlyworseworstlittlelessleast(3)以后缀ly结尾的副词其前加more变比拟级，加most变最高级，如：quickmorequicklymostquicklyquietlymorequietlymostquietly【留意】early中的ly不是后缀，故可以把y变i再加er/est.4.副词的排列挨次(1)时间、地点副词，小单位在前，大单位在后。Let'sgototheparkat8:30tomorrowmorning.让我们明天早上八点半去公园。(2)方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.请渐渐地、认真地写。(3)同一个句子中消失多个不同副词时的排列：程度、地点、方式、时间副词。【留意】(1)副词very可以修饰形容词、副词，但不能修饰动词。(误)IverylikeEnglish.(正)IlikeEnglishverymuch.(2)副词enough要放在形容词、副词的后面，形容词enough常放在名词前。Idon'tknowhimwellenough.我对他不够了解。Thereisenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat.有足够的食物供大家吃。5.副词的构成(1)除了often、seldom、always、already、ever、fast、straight等副词外，一般状况下，形容词在末尾加上ly就成了副词。一些以l结尾的形容词变副词时不能直接加y,也应加ly.slowslowlyquickquicklyclearclearlyobviousobviouslyphysicalphysicallymentalmentallypeacefulpeacefully(2)少数以le结尾的形容词变副词时，le直接换成ly.terribleterriblygentlegentlyfortablefortably(3)以下以ly结尾的词多用作形容词。friendly,deadly,lovely,lively,likely,lonely,weekly,monthly,orderly、go、get、arrive等动词加副词构成的常见短语drivedowntown驾车去市区goupstairs上楼edownstairs下楼liveabroad住在国外stayindoors待在室内playoutdoors在户外玩gohome回家getthere到那儿arrivehere到这儿难点突破突破1形容词与副词的用法1.可以修饰形容词或副词原级的词有very、quite、so、too.Heistootiredtowalkon.他太累了而不能再连续走了。MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan'tfollowhim.我弟弟跑得如此快以至于我跟不上他。2.含有as...as(与······一样)的原级表达句式。TomisasoldasKate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Heistwiceasoldashisnephew.他的年龄是他侄子的两倍。TomrunsasfastasMike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。巧学助记as...as的否认形式是notas/so...as,意为“不如······;不及······〞。Hedoesn'twalkasslowlyasyou.他走路不像你那样慢。Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.这个房间不如那个大。3.最高级表示三者及三者以上事物间的比拟，常与of、in连用。TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina,长江是中国最长的河流。→TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina,长江比中国其他任何一条河流都长。4.“比拟级＋and+比拟级〞表示“越来越······〞。Heisgettingtallerandtaller.他长得越来越高了。Theflowersaremoreandmorebeautiful.花儿越来越美丽。5.“the+比拟级，the+比拟级〞表示“越······就越······〞。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou'llmake.你越认真，你犯的错误就越少。拓展训练________youread,________youunderstand.A.Theless;thebetterB.Themore;thebetterC.Few;wellD.More;well答案:5.B句意：你读得越多，你就更好理解。依据句意可知选B6.可以修饰比拟级的词有much、alot、agreatdeal、far、alittle、abit、even、still、any.Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.汤姆看起来比以前更年轻。Thistrainrunsmuchfasterthanthatone.这辆火车比那辆快得多。Shedrivesstillmorecarefullythanherhusband.她开车比她丈夫还当心。拓展训练Hemade________fewermistakesthanIdid.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch答案:6.Cmuch可修饰比拟级，fewer本身已是比拟级，不能再用more修饰。突破2形容词修饰不定代词当形容词修饰不定代词something、anything、nothing、everything时，形容词要后置。Doyouhaveanythinginterestingtotellusalltoday?今日你有什么好玩的事情跟我们大家说说吗？Takeiteasy.Thereisnothingseriouswithyourdisease,whichisjustacold.别紧急，你的病无大碍，只是感冒而已。拓展训练Ihave________todotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething答案:B形容词修饰不定代词时应放在其后面，故排解C、D两项。句意：今日我有重要的事情要做。此处用something表示确定。突破3形容词的排列挨次当两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词该如何排列呢？为什么不能说ablacknewpen,而要说anewblackpen?这里面有规那么可循吗？假如你记住口诀“好美小高状其新，颜色国料特殊近〞，那么你就能把握英语中系列形容词作前置定语时的排列问题。1.“好〞代表评价性的形容词，如nice、good、kind等。2.“美〞指描述人的审美感受的形容词，如beautiful、pretty、handsome、ugly、goodlooking、lovely等。3.“小〞指描述大小的形容词，如small、big、large、little等。4.“高〞指描述高矮、长短等的形容词，如tall、high、short、deep、wide、shallow、thick等。5.“状〞指描述外形的形容词，如round、square、narrow等。6.“其〞是整个口诀中的语气词，无含义。7.“新〞指描述新旧、年龄的形容词，如new、old、young等。8.“颜色〞就是red、green、blue、pink、black、yellow、purple这类词。9.“国〞就是表示国籍的形容词，如Chinese、Russian、Spanish等。10.“料〞指描述材质的形容词，如plastic、wooden等。英语中这些形容词连用时就按上述挨次排列。当然，实际语言使用中极少消失许多形容词连用的状况。突破4同源形容词的区分在英语中某些词变成形容词时有两种或两种以上的形式，它们词形相近，但词义不同，简单用错。ving表示特征ved表示心理感受frightening令人恐惊的frightened可怕的boring令人厌烦的bored厌烦的annoying令人生气的annoyed愤怒的exciting令人兴奋的excited兴奋的拓展训练Theboyinthetreeaskedina________voice,“AreyousureI'mgoingtolandonthemat(垫子)？〞A.happyB.frightenedC.frighteningD.embarrassing答案:Bafrightenedvoice说明树上的孩子心里感到恐惊。突破5并非全部的形容词都有比拟级superior、senior、junior、similar、different、necessary、impossible等形容词没有比拟级和最高级。拓展训练Afterweparethetwo,wefindthisdesignis________thatone.A.moresuperiortoB.farsuperiorthanC.moresuperiorthanD.farsuperiorto答案:D句意：比照之后，我们发觉这款设计比那一款更胜一筹。形容词superior没有比拟级形式，选项A、C可排解；superior与介词to搭配，应选D.突破6当否认副词置于句首时的倒装当否认副词no、hardly、scarcely、seldom、rarely、little、few等置于句首时，句子用局部倒装。Hardlyhadthecriminalarrivedattheairportwhenthepolicemenarrestedhim.罪犯一到机场就被警察抓住。Seldomdoesmyfatherdrinkunlessthereesagoodfriend.我父亲很少饮酒，除非有好伴侣来。突破7可引导完全倒装的副词当副词here、there、now、out、in、up、down、away、then、back、off等放在句首且主语为名词时，须用完全倒装句式。Hereesthebus.公共汽车来了。Nowesyourturn.现在轮到你了。Thedooropened,andincameMrWan.门开了，万先生进来了。Astrongwindblewandawaywenthishat.一阵强风刮来，他的帽子飞走了。突破8某些副词与其加ly变成的副词的区分1.close与closelyclose的意思是“近〞；closely的意思是“认真地〞。Heissittingclosetome.他坐得离我很近。Watchhimclosely.认真观看他。与latelylate的意思是“晚〞；lately的意思是“最近〞。Youcametoolate.你来得太晚了。Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?你最近在做什么？与deeplydeep表示空间上的深度；deeply常表示感情上的深度。Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.他把棍子深深地插入泥土里。Evenmyfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.甚至我的父亲都被这部电影深深地感动了。与highlyhigh表示空间上的高度；highly表示程度，相当于much.Theplanewasflyinghigh.飞机飞得很高。Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.我对你的观点评价很高。5.wide与widelywide表示空间上的宽度；widely的意思是“广泛地〞。Heopenedhismouthwide.他把嘴张得很大。Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.英语在世界上被广泛使用。与freelyfree的意思是“免费〞；freely的意思是“自由地〞。Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.你随时都可以来我的餐馆免费用餐。Youmayspeakfreely.你可以自由发言。突破9起过渡作用的连接副词有些副词如however、therefore、nevertheless、thus、meanwhile等用在句中起过渡作用。Thereislittlechancethatwewillsucceedinchangingthelaw.Nevertheless,itisimportantthatwetry.我们几乎不行能转变法律。不过，重要的是我们应当尝试。自主训练I.单项选择1.Everythinghedoesis________towhatisconsiderednormal.Althoughhelooksalittledifferent,hehasachievedalotinthemathfield.【2022湖北武汉】A.similarB.relativeC.oppositeD.close2.Weare________thattheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworld.【2022江苏连云港】A.friendlyB.braveC.nervousD.proud3.Thedancingteachergivesusinstructions________untilweareperfectineverymove.【2021安徽】A.patientlyB.quicklyC.bravelyD.suddenly4.Creditcards(信用卡)matteralot________thanbefore.Weusuallypaywithsmartphonesnow.【2021辽宁营口】A.littleB.fewerC.lessD.more5.Drinkingteaisusuallyseenasa________lifestyleinChina.【2021江苏连云港】A.strictB.boringC.cleanD.healthy6.Travellingbytrainisslowerthanbyplane,butit's________thanbyplane.【2022天津】A.interestingB.lessinterestingC.moreinterestingD.mostinteresting7.Althoughhefailedmanytimes,he________gaveuphisdream.【2022天津】A.nearlyB.neverC.oftenD.always8.Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?No,thanks.I________drinkit.Ithinkwateristhebest.【2022云南】A.oftenB.hardlyC.usuallyD.always9.Iwaspleasedtohearyouarrivedhome________.【2022江苏连云港】A.widelyB.especiallyC.highlyD.safely10.Whichcountryhasa________population,ChinaorCanada?China,Canadaisalot________crowdedthanChina.【2021四川达州】A.bigger;lessB.bigger;moreC.smaller;lessD.smaller;more11.Hello,Jenny,Ican'tfindmymathbook________.Didyouseeit?Sorry,Ididn't.【2021云南】A.everywhereB.anywhereC.somewhereD.nowhere12.Lucy,haveyougotamobilephonewith5G?Yes,Ithinkthemobilephonewith5Gcansendvideosmuch________thantheonewith4G.【2021湖北鄂州】A.fastB.fastestC.thefastestD.faster13.Itis________thanyesterday.Shallwegoswimmingthisafternoon?A.thehottestB.hotC.hottestD.hotter14.IthinkitisagoodwaytostudyEnglishbywatchingEnglishmovies.Iagree.Ifindit________toimprovemylistening.【2021云南】A.harmfulB.thankfulC.carefulD.helpful15.Whentherainstormcame,itbegantorain________andthewindblewstrongly.【2021黑龙江绥化】A.hardB.hardlyC.heavyD.largely16.Thebossdidn'tlikeJamesbecauseJameswasnot________learningnewthings.A.afraidofB.worriedaboutC.tiredofD.goodat17.Thissecondhandcameraismuch________thanthatnewone.A.cheapB.cheaperC.dearD.dearest18.ThepopulationofShanghaiis________thanthatofShijiazhuang.A.betterB.largerC.lessD.large19.Ifweareinterestedinsomething,ourbrainis________anditisalsoeasierforustopayattentiontoitforalongtime.【2020贵州安顺】A.activeB.moreactiveC.themostactiveD.amostactive答案:1.C依据Althoughhelooksalittlediffere