2023年考研考博考博英语湖北省联考考试高频考点参考题库含答案

2023年考研考博考博英语湖北省联考考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.写作题Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonInnovationConsciousnessofPh.D.StudentsinChina.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:1.1.Importanceofinnovationconsciousnessinresearchwork;2.CurrentsituationofinnovationconsciousnessofPh.D.studentsinChina;3.MeasurestoenhanceinnovationconsciousnessofPh.D.studentsinChina.2.单选题Althoughhedidnotstatehisopinion,the（

）wasthathedoubtedmywords.问题1选项A.interruptionB.implicationC.impositionD.interaction3.单选题Thismicroscope（

）by1,000timesthesampleontheslides.问题1选项A.probedB.abidedC.magnifiedD.specified4.单选题This（

）wasconductedtofindouthowmanypeoplepreferTVseriestofilms.问题1选项A.examinationB.inspectionC.analysisD.survey5.单选题Hisdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlywillbea（

）tohisplanstobecomealawyer.问题1选项A.hesitationB.hingeC.highlightD.handicap6.单选题TheuniquenessoftheJapanesecharacteristheresultoftwoseeminglycontradictoryforces:thestrengthoftraditionsandtheselectivereceptivitytoforeignachievementsandinventions.Asearlyas1860stherewerecountermovementtothetraditionalorientation.OneofthefamousspokesmenofJapan’s“Enlightenment”claimed“theConfuciancivilizationoftheEastseemstometolacktwothingspossessedbyWesterncivilization:scienceinthematerialsphereandasenseofindependenceinthespiritualsphere.”AnotherbreakofrelativeliberalismfollowedWorldWarI,whenthedemocraticidealismofPresidentWoodrowWilsonhadanimportantimpactonJapaneseintellectualsandespeciallystudents;butmoreimportantwastheLeninistideologyofthe1917BolshevikRevolution.Again,intheearly1930s,nationalismandmilitarismbecamedominant.FollowingtheendofWorldWarII,substantialchangeswereundertakeninJapantoliberatetheindividualfromauthoritarianrestrains.Thenewdemocraticvaluesystemwasacceptedbymanyteachers,students,intellectuals,andoldliberals,butitwasnotimmediatelyembracedbythesocietyasawhole.Japanesetraditionsweredominatedbygroupvalues,andnotionsofpersonalfreedomandindividualrightswereunfamiliar.Today,democraticprocessesareclearlyevidentinthewidespreadparticipationoftheJapanesepeopleinsocialandpoliticallife.Schooltextbooksemphasizeequalityoverhierarchyandrationalismovertradition;butinpracticethesevaluesareoftenmisinterpretedanddistorted,particularlybytheyouthwhotranslatetheindividualisticandhumanisticgoalsofdemocracyintoegoisticandmaterialisticones.MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.Animportantfeatureofrelationshipsinmanyinstitutions,includingpoliticalpartiesanduniversitiesis,theoyabun-kobunorparent-childrelation.Thecorrespondingloyaltyoftheindividualtohispatronreinforceshisallegiancetothegrouptowhichtheybothbelong.Awillingnesstocooperatewithothermembersofthegroupandtosupportwithoutqualificationtheinterestsofthegroupinallitsexternalrelationsisstillawidelyrespectedvirtue.Theoyabun-kobuncreatesladdersofmobilitywhichanindividualcanascend,risingasfarasabilitiespermit,solongashemaintainssuccessfulpersonaltieswithasuperiorintheverticalchannel,thelatterrequirementusuallytakingprecedenceoveraneedforexceptionalcompetence.Asaconsequence,thereislittlehorizontalrelationshipbetweenpeoplewiththesameprofession.1.ThespokesmanofJapan’s“Enlightenment”thoughtthat（

）.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutJapan’scultureistrue?3.Therelationshipofoyabun-kobuncanbeonebetween（

）.4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.问题1选项A.thetraditionalcultureshouldbereplacedbywesternmodernizationB.JapaneseoughttoforsaketheConfuciancivilizationoftheEastC.theConfuciancivilizationinJapanshouldbedominantD.Japanshouldintroducewesterncivilization问题2选项A.SubstantialchangesindemocraticprocesshavetakenplaceduringWorldWarHB.NowadaysthetraditionalConfucianismisanecessarypartofthesocietyinJapan.C.TodaytheConfucianismoutweighsthedemocraticvaluesysteminuniversitiesofJapan.D.ThedemocraticideawasnotacceptedbythesocietyafterWorldWarII.问题3选项A.ashopownerandacustomerB.aCEOandanemployeeC.apoliticianandanopponentD.ajudgeandalawyer问题4选项A.respectforauthorityplaysamoreimportantroleinpromotionB.westernvalueshaveoverwhelmedtraditionalJapaneseattitudesC.colleaguesaremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthanbeforeD.mostJapaneseworkersaremembersofasingleparty7.单选题Jackisgood,kind,hard-workingandintelligent.（

）,Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.问题1选项A.AsaresultB.BythewayC.InawordD.Onthecontrary8.单选题Theshopmanagersaidthatheintendedto（

）thelessefficientmembersofhisstaff.问题1选项A.resignB.dismissC.employD.appoint9.单选题Governmentisaninstitutionresultingfromman’sgroupwayoflifewhichmaintainsasetofsocialcontrolsinordertopreventchaos.Inasmall,homogeneous,simplesociety,thesesocialcontrolscanbeimposedandenforcedbythefamilyorclan.Butinalarge,heterogeneouscomplexsociety,theinstitutionofgovernmenttakesoverthisfunction.Forpurposesofanalysis,socialcontrolmaybedividedintomoralcontrolandpoliticalcontrol.Moralcontrolderivesfromtheinternalizedbeliefsandvaluesofasocietyandregulations,eachindividual’sbehaviorwithouttheuseofoutsideenforcement.Politicalcontroldoesinvolveenforcementfromtheoutsidesincetheindividualisnotalwayscertainthattheruleheisfollowingisjustandright.Hefollowsittoconform,toavoidpunishment,ortoreceivesocialrewards.Politicalcontrolisanoutgrowthofmoralcontrol,anditseffectivenessdependsonthewillingnessofthemembersofsocietytoacceptthegovernment’sauthorityasjustandright.Agovernmentthatisforcedtocoerceorthreatenmostofitsmembersintoacceptingpoliticalcontrolnotbackedwithmoralcontrolwillnotsurvivelong.Inaddition,awidediscrepancybetweenmoralandpoliticalcontrolwillresultinaconditionofgenerallawlessness.SuchaconditionhasoccurredintheUnitedStatesonseveraloccasionsandisnowevidentamongsomegroupsofsocietyaccordingto“TheRootsofLawlessness”byhistorianHenrySteeleCommander.Government,amajorsocialinstitution,maybeviewedasasetofproceduresbywhichasocietyrealizesagoodportionofitsgoals.Governmentisfurtheruniqueasaninstitutionbecauseitservestoreinforcethefunctionofotherinstitutions.Thus,individualsviolatingtherulesandregulationoftheeconomic,educational,orfamilyinstitutionsmustultimatelyfacethepunitivepowerofgovernment.1.Aconditioncharacterizedbytheabsenceofsocialorganizationandsocialcontrol,andbythebeliefthatpoliticalauthorityisunnecessaryis（）.2.Theinternalizedformofsocialcontrolis（）.3.Legitimatepowerrightfullyexercisediscalled（）.4.WhichstatementisNOTcorrect?问题1选项A.moralcontrolB.politicalpowerC.anarchyD.authority问题2选项A.commitmentB.powerC.authorityD.government问题3选项A.authorityB.charismaC.legitimacyD.morality问题4选项A.Politicalcontrolmustoccasionallybecontrolledbyanoutsideforce.B.Politicalcontrolcanexistwithoutmoralcontrolinasociety.C.Politicalcontrolreinforcemoralcontrol.D.Politicalcontrolemanatesfromwithin.10.单选题InFebruaryof2005,PhilBelfiorewasteachinghisseventh-gradestudentshowtowriteapoemintentionallycopyingthestyleoftheRobertfrost’s“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”.Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine:“WhosephonethisisIthinkyouknow/Icannotansweritnowthough/Sostateyourname,beveryclear/I’llcallyoubackwhenIgethome.’’.Thatactwouldleadtooneofthemostunusualfriendshipsofhislife.WhenPhilandhisfamilyreturnedtoMarylandfromEastervacation,helistenedtohisvoicemessages.Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.Butheaddedhe’dheartilyenjoyedthepoem.Phillaughedandthoughtnothingmoreofit,untilthephonerangafewdayslater.“Irecognizedthevoiceimmediately,”recallsPhil,now57.“Hesaidthathewassorrytobotherme,buthewascallingtohearthepoemagain.”Thetwomentalked.JohnThompson,aveterannow73,livedinCheyenneWyoming.Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.“Beforehangingup,Itoldhimtocallbackanytimewhethertohearmoreofthepoemorjusttotalk”recallsPhil.Thatwas11yearsago.They’vespokenonthephoneafewtimesamontheversince.Johninitiatesmostcalls,butPhilwillringifawhilehaspassed.“Weseemtoalwaysconnectwhenthere’sbeenabigsportsevent.”Philsays.Themendiscussfootballandfamily.JohnwilltalkexcitedlyabouthispastlifeorupdatePhilonfolkshehasbeenintouchwith.“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,”saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup.Sometimeswejusttalkforaminutetoseehowtheotherisdoing.”“Likeoldfriends?”Iaskeagerly.I’mtryingtounderstandfromPhilwhatdrawsthesementoeachother.’’Weareoldfriends.’’,Philsays.Noneedtooverthinkit.John,whoover11yearshassharedalittleofhimselfatatime,haswovenhimselfintothefabricofPhil’slife.IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.HetellsmestoriesofhischildhoodvisitingCapitolHill.Intheyearssince,JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.Neithermindsthislatest“haven’t”.Theyhaven’tgonetoagametogether,hadacupofcoffeetogether,orsatontheotherssofa.Theirfriendshipisbasedonthesimpleactofpickingupthephone.It’sassimple,andasextraordinary,asthat.1.WhocomposedtheverseonthePhil’shomeansweringmachine?2.ThereasonwhyJohnfirstcalledPhilwasthathewantedto_______.3.Whatdidthetwomentalkaboutmostduringtheirtalks?4.WhatdoweknowaboutJohnandPhil?问题1选项A.PhilBelfioreB.JohnThompsonC.RobertfrostD.DavidThompson问题2选项A.learntowritepoemsB.gotoPhil’sbirthdaylunchC.connecthisbrotherD.discussRobertfrostwithhim问题3选项A.StoriesandholidayromanceB.TravelandexoticplacesC.PoemsandliteratureD.Sportsandfamily问题4选项A.Theywerebestfriendswhohadnotyetmetinperson.B.Theywerebothpoetswhohadpassionforversecomposition.C.Theyweregoodstorytellerswhohadextraordinarymemories.D.Theywerebothveteranswholikedchattingonphoneforhours.11.单选题Afriendshipmaybe（

）,casual,situationalordeepandlasting.问题1选项A.identicalB.originalC.superficialD.critical12.单选题Nexttimeyoustopforgasataself-servepump,sayhellototherobotinfrontofyou.ItslifestorycantellyoualotabouttheroboteconomyroaringtowarduslikeanEF5tornadoontheprairie.Thefirstcrudeversionofanautomatedgas-deliveringrobotappearedin1964atastationinWestminster,Colorado.ShortStopconveniencestoreownerJohnRoscoeboughtanelectricboxthatletaclerkinsideactivateanyofthepumpsoutside.Self-servepumpsdidn’tcatchonuntilthe1970s,whenpump-makersaddedautomationthatletcustomerspayatthepump,andoverthenext30years,stationsacrossthenationinstalledthesetask-specificrobotsandfiredattendants.Ashashappenedthroughoutthehistoryofautomation,somejobsgotdestroyedbyautomatedgaspumps,butnewandoftenbetterjobswerecreated.Attendantswentaway,buttomakethesophisticatedpumps,companieslikeWayneFuelingSystemsinTexashiredsoftwarecoders,engineers,salesstaffandprojectmanagers.Stationownerstooktheirextraprofitsandturnedtheirstationsintomini-marts,whichneededclerks.Consumersspentlessmoneyongasbecausetheyweren’tpayingforsomeoneelsetopumpit.Agenerationofgasstationattendantsgotsmoked,buttheautomationsentsomeclearsignalsthatrelyingonsuchunskilledjobsisn’tagreatcareerplan.Thosesignalsledtomoreparentsencouragingtheirkidstogotocollege.Soovertime,wetookhundredsofthousandsofpeopleoutofthepoolofthosewhomightwantagasstationattendantjobandpushedthemup,towardtheprofessionaljobmarket,addingalotofvaluetosocietyandtheirwallets.Economistshaveshowntimeandagainthatautomationhelpsoverallstandardsoflivingrise,literacyratesimprove,averagelifespanlengthenandcrimeratesfall.Afterwavesofautomation,werewaybetteroffinalmosteveryway.AsMattRidleydetailsinhisbookTheRationalOptimist,in1900,theaverageAmericanspent$76outofevery$100onfoodclothingandshelter.Today,heorshespends$37tobuyaModelTin1908tookabout4,700hoursofwork;Today,theaveragepersonhastoworkabout1,000hourstobuyacarthat’sathousandtimesbetterthanaModelT.TheUnitedNationsestimatesthatpovertywasreducedmoreinthepast50yearsthanintheprevious500.Ifprogresshasbeenlesskindtothelowerendoftheworkforce,itstillhelpsthatsegmentlivebetterthanbefore,atleastbymakingproductsmoreaffordableandbetteratthesametime.Andnow,evenwithsoftwareautomatingallkindsofwork,therearesignsthatthetechnologyiscreatingmorejobsthanitdestroys.U.S.censusdatareleasedinSeptembershowedthelargestannualdropinpovertysince1999.Nearly3millionjobswerecreatedfrom2014to2015.DonaldTrumpwonthepresidentialelectionbypromisingtobringJobs“back”toAmerica—apromisebelievedbymanywhofeelleftbehindbytechnology-drivenshifts.Yetallevidencesuggeststhatthejobslieahead,createdbymovingforward.17.WhathasJohnRoscoebeennotedfor?18.ThearticlehasgivenconcreteevidencetoillustratethebenefitsofautomationEXCEPT______.19.MattRidley’sTheRationalOptimistrevealsthatpeoplein1908__________.20.Whatdoes“movingforward”inthelastsentenceofthisarticleprobablymean?问题1选项A.Inventingthefirstself-servepumps.B.Installinggas-deliveringrobotsacrosstheUS.C.Makingautomatedrobotspopularatgasstations.D.Firstusingautomationtechnologyatagasstation.问题2选项A.creatingjobsB.improvingliteracyC.lengtheninglifespanD.raisinglivingstandards问题3选项A.workedforverylonghourstobuildacarB.weregenerallynotabletoaffordaModelTC.werelesskindtothelowerendoftheworkforceD.spentthelargerpartoftheirmoneyonnecessities问题4选项A.Usingtechnology.B.Helpingthelesseducated.C.SupportingTrump’selection.D.BringingjobsbacktoAmerica.13.单选题The（

）ofmedicalknowledgeisbeingpushedfartheronwardsastimegoeson问题1选项A.potentialB.multitudeC.frontierD.leap14.单选题Shehasbutafaint（

）ofdialecticalmaterialism.问题1选项A.sacrificeB.reactionC.notionD.clue15.单选题Thebookcontainedalarge（

）ofinformation.问题1选项A.dealB.amountC.numberD.sum16.翻译题工作使人忙碌，让人不会感到寂寞、孤独。工作给人以充实感和成就感。研究表明，人们无事可做时会感到不愉快、忧虑、孤独。相反，忙于工作的人感到最愉快。许多热爱事业、卓有成就的人感到在努力工作时最幸福。工作起到人与现实之间的桥梁作用:通过工作，人们彼此接触;通过集体活动，人们得到友谊和温暖。由此我们可以得出结论：工作能使人幸福,使人健康。17.单选题Morethanone-thirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,（

）inSanFrancisco.问题1选项A.previouslyB.predominantlyC.practicallyD.permanently18.单选题Theyhavehadonlyon

（

）

togainthewealth.问题1选项A.objectivismB.objectionC.objectiveD.objectivity19.单选题Whenwewatchaplayorafilm,weallrealizethatthecharactersaresometimes（

）.问题1选项A.imaginativeB.imaginableC.imaginedD.imaginary20.单选题Hisnewtheoryhascausedanenormous（

）throughoutthecivilizedworld.问题1选项A.solidarityB.sentimentC.sermonD.sensation第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】InnovationConsciousnessofPh.D.StudentsinChinaChinaismarchingtowardaninnovativecountry.Innovationis,sotospeak,China’snationalspirit.Withoutinnovation,Chinawouldhavenofurtherdevelopment.Inotherwords,innovationcanpromoteChina’ssocialprogressandincreaseitsproductivity.ItssocialprogressandincreaseinproductivitydependtoalargeextentonscientificinnovationofitsPh.D.candidates.Ph.D.candidates’innovationconsciousnessplaysanimportantroleindoingtheirresearchworkwell.ThereisnogainsayingthefactthattheoverwhelmingmajorityofPh.D.candidateswithinnovationconsciousnessinChinahaveputforwardalotofinnovativeviewpointsordevelopedplentyofinnovativeproducts,whichareundoubtedlyconducivetotheconstructionofoursocialistmodernization.Butfranklyspeaking,somePh.D.candidateslackinnovationconsciousness.TheytendtodowhattheyaretoldtodobytheirPh.D.supervisors.Theyrespecttheirsupervisorssomuchsothattheydonotdaretoenjoytoomuchacademicfreedom,tosaynothingofputtingforwardviewpointsquitedifferentfromtheirsupervisors’eveniftheirsarereasonable.Otherwise,theymayoffendtheirsupervisorsandmaynotbeallowedtoearntheirdoctor’sdegrees.SuchaphenomenonisundoubtedlybadforthecultivationofinnovationconsciousnessofPh.D.candidatesinChina.HereI’dliketomakesomesuggestionsonhowtoenhanceinnovationconsciousnessofPh.D.candidatesinChina.Inthefirstplace,weshouldcreateexcellentacademicatmosphereforPh.D.candidates.Weshouldencouragethosewithacademiccouragetoproposecreativescientificideasconflictingwithorevenentirelycontrarytoold-fashionedones.Inthesecondplace,weshouldawardprizestoPh.D.candidateswhohavecreatedinnovativeproductsandtheirsupervisors.Lastbutnotleast,weshouldnotletthosewhohavenocreativeideasintheirdissertationsgettheirdoctor’sdegrees.2.【答案】B【解析】句意:尽管他没有陈述他的观点,但隐含的意思是他怀疑我说的话。选项B符合语境。3.【答案】C【解析】probe探查,调查；abide持续,忍受；magnified放大；specify详细说明。句意:显微镜把放在幻灯片上的样品放大了1000倍。选项C符合句意。4.【答案】D【解析】根据句意:目的在于弄清楚多少人更喜欢看电视连续剧而不是电影。由此可以推断,这是一项调查,所以选项D符合语境。5.【答案】D【解析】句意:他难以清楚地表达自己的想法,这将成为他想当一名律师的不利条件。handicap指障碍,不利条件。只有选项D符合句意。6.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第三句“Oneofthefamousspokesmen...inthespiritualsphere.’”日本“启蒙运动”的一位著名发言人宣称：“在我看来，东方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所拥有的两样东西：物质领域的科学和精神领域的独立意识。”也就是说，他认为日本应该引进西方文明，选项D符合原文。2.选项A应该是一战后，所以不正确；选项C明显错误;根据第二段第二句“Thenewdemocratic...thesocietyasawhole.”可知选项D属于完全否定，与原文表述不符;根据第四段第一句“MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.”大多数日本人都有意识地拒绝儒家思想,但旧秩序的残余依然存在。也就是说，传统儒学根深蒂固，是日本社会不可或缺的一部分。选项B正确。3.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常优先于对非凡能力的需要。由此可以推断，oyabun-kobun指的是“上下级之间的关系”，选项中只有B项符合要求。4.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常优先于对非凡能力的需要。作者其实是在暗示，尊重权威在晋升中扮演着更重要的角色。第2题:第3题:第4题:7.【答案】C【解析】asaresult作为结果；bytheway顺便说；inaword总之，简言之；onthecontrary正相反。句意：杰克善良、勤奋、聪明。总之，我对他评价再高也不过分。选项C符合句意。8.【答案】B【解析】句意:商店经理说他打算解雇办事效率不高的员工。选项B符合句意。resign是主动辞职,所以不正确。9.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.根据第一段第一句“Governmentisaninstitutionresultingfromman’sgroupwayoflifewhichmaintainsasetofsocialcontrolsinordertopreventchaos.”政府是人类群体生活方式所产生的机构,它维持着一系列的社会控制以防止混乱。反过来说,缺乏社会组织和社会控制,认为政治权威是不必要的,是无政府的状态。所以选项C正确。2.根据第一段的第一句可知,社会控制的内在化形式是政府。选项D正确。3.根据第三段第一句“Politicalcontrolisanoutgrowthofmoralcontrol,anditseffectivenessdependsonthewillingnessofthemembersofsocietytoacceptthegovernment’sauthorityasjustandright.”政治控制是道德控制的产物,它的有效性取决于社会成员是否愿意把政府的权威看作是正当的和正义的东西。所以正当行使合法权力被称为权威。选项A正确。4.根据第三段第二句“Agovernmentthatisforcedtocoerceorthreatenmostofitsmembersintoacceptingpoliticalcontrolnotbackedwithmoralcontrolwillnotsurvivelong.”被迫威逼大多数成员接受没有道德控制支持的政治控制的政府不会长久。也就是说,政治控制不能在没有道德控制的社会中存在。选项B与之刚好相反,所以不正确。10.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：谁编著了菲尔家答录机里的这首诗？通过题干定位到文章第一段的第二句话Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine（他很喜欢他写给学生的样例，所以他将其录入了家里的答录机），这里的“he”代指的就是前文中提到的“PhilBelfiore”，因此A选项“菲尔•贝尔菲奥尔”，符合题意。其他选项均不是答录机里这首诗的作家。综上所述，本题正确答案为A选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：约翰首次呼叫菲尔的原因是他想要……？通过题干定位到文章第三段第二句话Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.（一位绅士为打错电话而道歉。），第五段第三句话再次提及Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.（约翰的哥哥大卫的电话号码和菲尔家的仅差一个数字，所以打错了电话），可以推断出约翰本来想和他的哥哥打电话，因为按错了号码打给了菲尔，因此C选项“联系他哥哥”，符合题意；A选项“学习怎么写诗”，B选项“参加菲尔的生日宴会”和D选项“和他探讨罗伯特这位诗人”，在文中均未提及。综上所述，本题正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：两位男士谈论得最多的是?通过题干定位到文章第七段Themendiscussfootballandfamily…“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,’’saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup…”（男人们谈论足球和家庭……“这些年来，我们的谈话慢慢变得越来越私人。”菲尔说。“我们主要谈论约翰的健康和感情生活，还有我们的亲戚、爱好和其他的……”），可知D选项“运动和家庭”，符合题意；A选项“故事和假期”；B选项“旅行和异国”；C选项“诗歌和文学”，在文中均未提及。综上所述，本题正确答案为D选项。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干：关于约翰和菲尔，我们知道什么？A选项“他们是没有见过面的最好的朋友”，由文章最后一段第一句话JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.（约翰和菲尔有过两次见面计划，但是情况都有变动。），可知他们从没见面过，故A选项正确；B选项“他们都是对诗歌创作很有热情的诗人”，D选项“他们都是喜欢长时间打电话的退伍军人”文中提及菲尔是教师，约翰是退伍老兵，因此B，D选项错误；C选项“他们都是有特殊回忆的善于说故事的人”，文章倒数第二段第二句提及IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.（我认为约翰是一位有特殊回忆的善于说故事的人），但是并没有提及菲尔是否擅长讲故事，C选项属于原文的过度推断，故排除。综上所述，本题正确答案为A选项。11.【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知,填空处的内容应该与or后面意思相反且与casual,situational意思相近。句意:友谊可以是浅薄的、随意的、场合性的,也可以是深刻的、持久的。只有选项C符合语境。12.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A【解析】17.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：约翰因……而闻名？据题干定位至文章第二段第一二句话Thefirstcrudeversionofanautomatedgas-deliveringrobotappearedin1964atastationinWestminster,Colorado.ShortStopconveniencestoreownerJohnRoscoeboughtanelectricboxthatletaclerkinsideactivateanyofthepumpsoutside.（1964年，首台粗糙版的自动供油机器人出现在科罗拉多的威斯敏特斯的一个加油站。ShortStop便利店店主约翰购买了电箱，让店员待在电箱里，触动外部的泵。），可知约翰购买了电箱，成为首个在加油站用自动化技术的，因此D选项“在加油站最先使用自动化技术”，符合题意；文章只提到了1964年出现了第一个自动供油机器，并没有提到谁发明了这一机器，因此A选项“发明了首台自助油泵”，不对；B选项“在美国各地安装了供油机器人”，原文提到的是andoverthenext30years,stationsacrossthenationinstalledthesetask-specificrobotsandfiredattendants.（在接下来的30年里，全国各地的工作站安装了这些特定任务的机器人，解雇了工作人员。），而约翰只是在他的便利店安装了自助油泵，故B选项排除；C项“在加油站普及自动化机器人”，约翰只是在他的便利店安装了自助油泵，并没有推广其在加油站的使用，因此C选项排除。综上所述，本题正确答案为D选项。18.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干：文章有确切证据证明自动化带来的一系列好处，除了……？文章第三段第一句话提到Ashashappenedthroughoutthehistoryofautomation,somejobsgotdestroyedbyautomatedgaspumps,butnewandoftenbetterjobswerecreated.（贯穿整个自动化历史的是，自动供气泵使人们丧失了一些工作，同时也创造了一些新的，更好的工作。）可知自动化在创造工作机会的同时，也毁掉了一些工作机会，A选项“创造工作”，不够全面和正确，故排除；由文章第五段第一句话Economistshaveshowntimeandagainthatautomationhelpsoverallstandardsoflivingrise,literacyratesimprove,averagelifespanlengthenandcrimeratesfall.（经济学家一再证明，自动化有助于提高总体生活水平、提高识字率、延长平均寿命和降低犯罪率。），可知B选项“促进识字”，C选项“延长寿余”和D选项“提升生活水平”，均是自动化带来的一系列好处。综上所述，本题正确答案为A选项。19.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。题干：马特里德利的《理性乐观主义》揭示1908年的人……？根据题干定位至倒数第二段Today,heorshespends$37tobuyaModelTin1908tookabout4,700hoursofwork;（当今，他或她花费37美元购买T型发动机汽车，而在1908年，人们需要花4700小时工作赚的钱才能买得起这辆汽车；），由此可知1908年T型发动机汽车很贵，而且人们很难负担得起，因此B选项“一般而言买不起T型发动机小汽车”正确；A选项“工作很长时间造汽车”文章表达的意思是人们需要工作很长时间来赚钱买车，而不是造汽车，A选项不符合题意；C选项“对底层劳动力不那么友好”在文章没有提到。不能通过这本书推断出来C选项，故排除；D选项“消耗大部分的钱在必需品上”，书中提到的是1900年的人们把大部分的钱花在生活必需品上面而不是1908年的人，故D选项排除。综上所述，本题正确答案为B选项。20.【试题答案】A【试题解析】语义推测题。题干：这篇文章最后一句中的“movingforward”可能是什么意思？根据题干定位至最后一段最后两句DonaldTrumpwonthepresidentialelectionbypromisingtobringJobs“back”toAmerica—apromisebelievedbymanywhofeelleftbehindbytechnology-drivenshifts.Yetallevidencesuggeststhatthejobslieahead,createdbymovingforward.（特朗普通过承诺给美国带去工作机会而赢得了总统选举，很多感到在技术驱动大潮中落后的人相信了这个承诺。然而所有的证据表明即将到来的工作机会，是由______带来的。），结合全文中心自动化以及自动化带来的好处推测，技术进步和发展才能创造工作，因此A选项“使用技术”为最佳答案。B选项“帮助接受教育程度低的人”和D选项“带工作机会回美国”，在文中没有提及；C项“支持特朗普的选举”，属于文章的过度推断，排除。综上所述，本题正确答案为A选项。13.【答案】C【解析】句意:随着时间的推移,医学知识的前沿正在向前推进。只有选项C符合句意。14.【答案】C【解析】sacrifice牺牲；reaction反应；notion概念；clue线索。句意:她对辩证唯物主义只有一个模糊的概念。选项C符合语境。15.【答案】B【解析】alargeamountof+不可数名词；alargenumberof+可数名词；deal的用法为agreat/gooddealof+不可数名词。information为不可数名词，所以选项B正确。16.【答案】Workmakesonebusy,makesonefeelneitherlonelynorsolitary.Workgivesoneasenseofenrichmentandasenseofachievement.Researchindicatesthatpeoplefeelunhappy,concernedandsolitarywhentheyhavenothingtodo.Onthecontrary,peoplebusywiththeirworkfeelextremelyhappy.Manypeoplelovingtheircareerandhavingmadetheirprominentachievementsfeelveryhappywhileworkinghard.Workservesasabridgebetweenpeopleandreality.Throughwork,peopleareabletocomeintocontactwithoneanother.Throughcollectiveactivities,peoplegetfriendshipandwarmth.Thuswecanreachtheconclusionthatworkcanmakeonehappyandhealthy.17.【答案】B【解析】previously以前，预先；predominantly主要地，显著地；practically实际地，事实上；permanently永久地。句意：在美国，超过三分之一的华人居住在加州，主要居住在旧金山。选项B符合句意。18.【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析。objectivism客观主义；objection反对,异议；objective目的,目标；objectivity客观性。句意:他们只有一个目标就是获得财富。选项C符合句意。19.【答案】D【解析】imaginative富于想象的，有创造力的；imaginable可想象到的；imagined想象的，构想的；imaginary虚构的，假想的。句意：当我们看戏剧或电影时，我们都知道角色有时是虚构的，选项D符合句意。20.【答案】D【解析】solidarity团结一致；sentiment情绪,观点；sermon启示,训诫；sensation轰动。句意:他的新理论在整个文明世界引起了巨大的轰动。选项D符合句意。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Hecollects（

）ofallkindsofrocksandminerals.问题1选项A.specimensB.timbersC.serpentsD.trunks2.写作题YouaresupposedtowritealettertoaprofessorinauniversityintheUnitedStatesorUK,requestingforthepossibilityofacooperativeprogramforPh.D.there.1.Thelettershouldbeginwith“DearProfessorXXX”2.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“MaQing”instead.4.Donotwritetheaddress.3.翻译题TheUKhaslongprideditselfonitsroadsafetystandards.Casualtyfiguresarelowcomparedwithmostotherindustrializedcountries.Butthispositiverecord,coupledwiththefactthattheinternationaltrendcontinuesdownwards,isalsowhythefirstincreaseinroaddeathsforalmostadecadeshouldbeacauseforconcern.Abreakdownofthe2010—11figuresshowswherethatconcerncouldmostusefullybedirected.Deathsamongdriversandpassengerswereup6percent,withruralroadsaccountingformoreoftherisethanurbanareas,andadisproportionatenumberoffatalaccidentsinvolvingdriversunder24.Therelativelyhighaccidentrateonruralroadshasbroughtcallsforanewspeedlimitincountryareasof40mph.Thatisworthconsidering.Therearemanyroadswherethelackofalimitimplicitlyallowsdriverstotravelat60mph,evenwheretheconditionsshouldd