英语学习-英语语音基础知识

第一章英语语音基础知识一．关于语音的几个概念1字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2音标：词的语音形式。3音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素，分为元音音素和辅音音素两大类。其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。元音：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称作元音。元音发音响亮，口腔中气流不受阻碍，是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。

辅音：不论声带振动与否，发声时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定阻碍，这样的语音称为辅音。辅音发音不响亮，口腔中气流受到阻碍，不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。（其中包括[ts]、[dz]、[tr]、[dr]）。4音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand5开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+ename，bike;b)辅音+元音he,go,hi6闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音bad,,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+辅音it7重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。二.元音：[i:]sea,he,see,piece,ceiling[i]sit,build,miss,myth[e]bed,desk,head[æ]bad,land,bank,stamp[a:]fast,class,plant,calm[ɔ]hot,want[ɔ:]door,sport,warm,bought[u:]good,who,blue,soup[u]look,put,women,could[∧]cup,come,blood,rough[ә:]girl,work,serve,nurse[ә]ago,forget,dollar,doctor,famous[ei]cake,they,play,eight,great[ai]bike,light,try,find,height,eye[әu]phone,cold,boat,soul,grow[au]house,town[ɔi]boy,oil[iә]dear,idea,deer,here,fierce[εә]pear,care,there,fair[uә]tour,poor三.容易混淆的元音1)[e][æ]bed--badmen--manpen--panlend--land2)[i:][ei]real--railgreet--greatmean--mainread--raid3)[e][ai]bet--bitered--writesaid--sidehead--hide4)[au][ɔ:]house—horseloud—lordsouth--saucenow--nor5)[au][∧]found--fondgown--gonedown--don四.辅音[p]pen,picnic[b]bed,big，break[t]tell,student[d]day,played,wanted[k]cold,sky,quick,back,accept,[g]big,go,guess,language[m]man，milk[n]nine,knife,autumn[η]bank,uncle,English,sing,[r]read,write,[l]land,world，luck[f]five,cough,laugh[v]voice,of，live[h]hot,who,hour[θ]think,thank[s]sit,miss,science,case,scarf[ð]this,bathe[z]zoo,close,[з]pleasure，treasure[∫]sure,she,social,nation[w]wall,what,answer[j]Yes，yield，yell[t∫]child,teach,catch[dз]joke,bridge[ts]boats，students[dz]goods，boards[tr]tree，trip[dr]dream，drop五.容易混淆的辅音1)[v]-[w]vet–wetvest--west;vine--wine;very--well2)[s]-[θ]sink—thinksort–thoughtmiss—mythmass--math3)[z]-[ð]closing—clothingbreeze—breathebays--bathes4)[n]-[η]thin–thingsin–singwin—wingran--rang六.读音规则1)重读音节：bageggfishnotcup2)非重读音节[ә]banana,student,today,afterEg：´stu-dent´Chi-na´sec-ond´au-tumnin-´deed七.特殊读音1.音的连读：在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼,构成一个音节,这就是连读。连读时的音节一般不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可以加音,也不可以读得太重。如:notatall这个短语。连读时听起来就像是一个单词。注意:连读只发生在句子中的同一个意群中。在两个意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音和元音出现,也不可连读。如:Pleasetakealookatit.这个句子中takealookatit是同一个意群,那么take与a可连读,look与at可连读,at与it可连读。其中最常见的是连音r，即拼写中一个词尾不发音的字母r，碰到后一个词的词首是元音，将r与后面的元音连读。如；hereare；foureggs；在Thereisabookinit.一句中There和is连读，book与in往往不连读,因为book与in分别在两个不同的意群中。Eg：notatall,halfanhour,Iloveyouandall，afterall2.失去爆破：所谓失爆（或者爆破），是指当[p]，[b]，[t]，[d]，[k]，[^]连贯出现在同一单词内部或连贯出现在前一单词结尾与后一单词开头，有前一个要嘎然而止，只做口型不发其音。如黑板，blackboard.blackboard中[k]失爆了，因为它后面的[b]也是爆破音。sitdown-si(t)down,似乎听不到任何人会把sit的[t]音完完整整地发出来,这个音几乎必然地永远失去。Eg：goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob中的[d]失去爆破，只做口型不发其音。3.音的同化：当两个音放在一起时会有同化现象产生。如：wouldyou中[d]和[j]读成[dз]Can'tyouseeit?中[t]和[j]读成[t∫]Missyou中[s]和[j]读成[∫]八.重音1.单词重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorryb)有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,in'form,dis'cuss,im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'latec)有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record,re'cord;'insult,in'sult;'conduct,con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'content,con'tentd)有些复合词和带有前缀re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词，有两个重音。'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-'warB)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment,c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tectived)词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette2.句子重音A)英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重B)英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。C)实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.D)实词不重读的特殊情况a)实词第二次出现Hethinksofthatasachildthinks.b)一个名词被第二个名词修饰Imetherintherailwaystation.c)代替词Whichbookdoyouwant?Thesmallone.d)感叹词中的what和howWhatagooddayitis!Howbeautifulsheis!e)street在专有名词中WangfujingStreet.f)this在这些短语中，thismorning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读的特殊情况a)情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。Doyoulikeit?Yes,Ido.Areyouadoctor?Yes,Iam.Canyouhelpme?Yes,Ican.Idon'tlikeyou.Heisn'taworker.b)情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。Theymaycomethisevening.Canitbefivealready?Hemustbeintheroom.c)介词在句首和句尾。Inthebox,hefoundaletter.HeisthepersonItalkedwith.d)引导复合句的连词在句首。Ifyouwish,I'llvisityou.Whenhecomes,I'lltellhim.e)反身代词表示强调。Hecouldn'tcomehimself.Tonguetwisters（绕口令）Of/i:/and/i/Quickkiss,quickerkiss,quickestkiss.IfeelIneedacupofweakgreentea.Thegeesewerefeedinggreenleavesbeneaththetrees.Weeatmeat,peas,beansandcheeseforourthreemeals.Of/e/and/æ/Saywellanddowell,endwithoneletter;Saywellisgood,dowellisbetter.Whereareyougoing,mylittlecat?I’mgoingtotowntobuyanewhat.Of/ә:/,/ә/and/Λ/Thefirstearlybirdheardanearlywormstirintheearth.Theworkerinadirtyshirtworksinthefirstworkshop.ThegirlislearningGermaninearnest.Butterandsugarandeggsandflour,Butyounevermustopentotheovendoor.Of/ɔ:/,/Λ/and/ɑ:/AlargecartpassedMartin’sgardenoffhisguard.Thehardheartedguardstoodinthedark.Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar,HowIwonderwhatyouare!Asyourbrightandtinyspark,LightsthetravelerinthedarkOf/u:/,/u/Thecookunderstoodthatthesugarwasnogood.Helookedatagoodcooktocookthegoodfood.AtnooninJunewhenthebloomstheydroop,Andtheroofingskyisblue,AndthedovestheycroonthroughthegloomofthetreesExercises：Abigblackbearbitthebackofabigblackpig.Thenabigblackbugbitthebackofthebigblackbear.Andwhenthebigblackbugbitthebigblackbear,thebigblackpigbitbackthebigblackbear.Shesellsseashellsbytheseashore.Theshellsshesellsaresurelyseashells.Soifshesellsshellsontheseashells.Iamsureshesellsseashoreshells.Springbringsmanycharmingthing:Birdsareflying,Lambsaredancing,Flowersblossoming,TreesarebuddingLarksaresaying:“Goodmorning”.Mothermetamonkeyinthemiddleofthemarketandmakeamailboxofmoney.IfmanymenknewwhatmanymenknowIfmanymenwentwheremanymengo,Ifmanymendidwhatmanymendo,Theworldwouldbebetter;Ithinkso,don’tyou?Nickysawbluelightatnight?Thelicearenotnice.Theladhadanaponhislap.Heknockedatthelockeddoor.Letthenetgo.Thecookbakedacake.Thecakeislikearock.Cookcookedacupofcoldcreamycustard.ThecarefulcountrycookcouldkeephiscoatcleaninmakingcookiesfortheKingandQueen.PeterPiperpickedapeckofpickledpeppers.DidPeterPiperpickapeckofpickledpeppers?IfPeterPiperpickedapeckofpickledpeppers,whereisthepeckofpickledpeppersPeterPiperpicked?AtnoonItookabookAndsatbythepoolneartheschool.IsoontookoffmyshoeAndputmyfootinthepool.Butterandsugarandeggsandflour,Beatthem,andyoubeatthem,forhalfanhour;Bakethecakeforanhourormore,Butyounevermustopentotheovendoor.第二章英语常用口语第一节、日常交际1、课堂交流1.Comein,please.请进！

2.Sitdown.坐下！

3.Standup,please.请站起来。

4.Openyourbook,please.请把书打开。

5.Closeyourbook,please.请把书合上。

6.Don’topenyourbook.别打开书。

7.（Doyou）understand?/Areyouclear?你明白了吗？

8.Yes,Iunderstand.是的，我明白了。

9.No,Idon’tunderstand.不，我不明白。

10.Listenandrepeat.先听，然后再重复一遍。

11.Nowread,please.现在请大家读。

12.That’’sfine.好得很好。

13.It’stimetobegin.到开始的时候了。

14.Let’sbeginnow.现在让我们开始。

15.ThisisLessonOne.这是第一课。16.Anyvolunteers?有自愿（回答问题）的吗？17.That’sall.Thankyou.就到这儿了。多谢！2、日常交际（1）介绍1.Hello.I’mTom.你好，我叫汤姆。2.Robin,thisisTom,myclassmate.罗宾，这是汤姆，我的同学。3.AllowmetointroduceMr.Smith,thepresidentofHenan请允许我为大家介绍河南大学校长史密斯先生。4.Nicetomeetyou。很高兴认识你。5.What’syourname?你叫什么名字？

677.MynameisJones.我姓琼斯。

78.What’syourfirstname?你的名字叫什么？

798.MyfirstnameisBill.我的名字叫比尔。

809.Howdoyouspellyourlastname?你的姓怎么拼法？

810.Jones.J-O-N-E-S.琼斯，J－O－N－E－S。

8211.What’syourfriend’sname?你的朋友叫什么名字？

8312.HisnameisJohnSmith.他叫约翰、史密斯。

8413.JohnandIareoldfriends.我和约翰是老朋友了。

8514.AreyouJohn’sbrother?你是约翰的兄弟吗？

8615.No,I’mnot.不，我不是。

8716.ThisisMr.Jones.这是琼斯先生。

8817.Howdoyoudo?你好！

8918.Mrs.Jones,thisisMr.JohnSmith.琼斯夫人，这是约翰、史密斯先生。

9019.Verypleasetomeetyou.见到您很高兴。（2）问候1.Hello.你好！

2.Goodmorning.早晨好！

3.I’mJohnSmith.我是约翰、史密斯。

4.AreyouBillJones?你是比尔、琼斯吗？

5.Yes,Iam.是的，我是。

6.Howareyou?你好吗？

7.Fine,thanks.很好，谢谢。

8.HowisHelen?海伦好吗？

9.She’sverywell,thankyou.她很好，谢谢您。

10.Goodafternoon,Mr.Green.午安，格林先生。

11.Goodevening,Mrs.Brown.晚上好，布朗夫人。

12.Howareyouthisevening?今晚上您好吗？

13.Goodnight,John.晚安，约翰。

14.Good-bye,Bill.再见，比尔。

15.Seeyoutomorrow.明天见.16.Howdoyoudo.你好（陌生人）17.Howareyou?/How’reyoudoing?/How’severythinggoing?过得怎么样？（朋友）18.Fine,thankyou.Andyou?/Notbad.Howaboutyou很好。谢谢。你呢？/还不错，你怎么样？19.Whatbroughtyouhere?是什么风把你吹来的？20.Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.我没想到会在这里看见你。21.Hi,longtimenosee.嗨，好久不见。22.Whatapleasantsurprise!Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.真叫人惊喜！我好久没看到你了。23.HowwasyourtriptoHongKong?你到香港玩得怎样？历年真题：1.Hi,mark!Howareyougettingonthesedays?（2007.12B级）2.W:Hi,Alice,howiseverythingwithyou?M:Asbusyasusual.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromthedialogue?（2005.12B级）3.I’msogladtomeetyouhere,Janet.（2004.12B级）（3）感谢Thankyouforyourhelp.I’mverygratefultoyouforyourhelp./Ireallyappreciateyouhelp.对您的帮助表示万分感谢。You’rewelcome./Don’tmentionit./It’sOK./It’smypleasure.不用谢历年真题：Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.（2006.12B级）（4）致歉Excuseme.请原谅。I'mterriblysorryaboutthat.为此我非常抱歉。Pleaseacceptmysincereapology.请接受我诚心诚意的道歉。I'mafraidi'vebroughtyoualotoftrouble.恐怕我给你带来了不少麻烦。I'msorryforwhati'vedone.我为我的所作所为向你道歉。Mymistake.itwon'thappenagain.是我的错，不会再发生类似的事情了。Noproblem.weallmakemistakes.没问题，人人都有犯错的时候。Forgetit.忘掉它吧。Nevermind.无所谓。Itreallydoesn'tmatteratall.真的没关系。（5）问路Excuseme.Canyoutellmehowtogettothebusstation?/Whereisthebusstation?Sorrytotroubleyou,butcouldyoudirectmetothebusstation?/Canyoutellmethewaytothebusstation?打扰一下，请问到汽车站怎么走？IsthistheroadtotheCityHall?这是去市政厅的路吗？Excuseme.HowcanIgettothenearestpostoffice?请问去最近的邮局怎么走？Gostraightaheadforthreeblocks,turnleftonthe45th朝前走四个街区，左转到45大道，再走大约10分钟，火车站就在你右边。你一定能找到。Sorry.Ihavenoidea.Idon’tlivehere.抱歉，我不知道。我不住这。历年真题：Excuseme,howcanIgettothepostoffice?（2004.6B级）M:CouldyoutellmewhereIcanfindapublicphone?W:Youcanfindoneinthebigstoreacrossthestreet.Q:Wherecanthemanfindapublicphone?(2005.12A级)（6）询问天气Howistheweathertoday?/What'stheweatherliketoday?今天天气怎么样？Itlookslikeit'sgoingtobesunny.今天看来像是个晴天。Yes,it'smuchbetterthanyesterday.是的，比昨天好多了。Theysaywe'regoingtogetsomerainlater.据说待会儿要下雨。Oh,let'sjusthopeitstayswarm.哦，我只希望一直暖和下去。Itseemstobeclearingup.看来天要放晴了。Beautifulday,isn'tit?今天天气真好，是不是?历年真题：1.What’stheweatherlikeinyourcity?（2008.12B级）2.M:It’sverycoldthismorning.W:Youareright.It’smuchcolderthanyesterday.Q:What’theweatherlikethismorning?（2007.6B级）3.W:Isitstillsnowingoutside?M:Yes,itis.We’dbetterwaituntilitstops.Q:What’stheweatherlikenow?（2004.12B级）4.M:WinteristhebesttimetovisittheNortheast.Becausethesnowthereissobeautiful.W:You’rerightthisiswhyweareplanningtogotherenextweek.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?(2006.12A级)（7）谈论学习Whatisyourmajor?你是什么专业？Whatisyourfavoritesubject?你最喜欢什么课程？Howmanycoursesdoyouhaveforthissemester?你们这学期上几门课？Sixarecompulsory,twooptional.:六门必学，两门选修。Whatdoes"mph"standfor?:“mph”代表什么？It's"milesperhour".:每小时英里数。You'llhavetotakeamake-upexaminlogic.你逻辑学要补考。Studyhard,otherwiseyou'llfail.:努力学习，不然你会不及格的Hegetsfullmarkinthisquiz.:这次考试他得了满分。Youshouldn'thavemadesuchaseriousmistake.你不该犯这么严重的错误。Notbad.HisEnglishhasbeenimprovedgreatly.不错，他进步很快。（8）谈论爱好I'dlikegoingfishinginmysparetime.我的业余爱好是钓鱼。

SometimesIliketogotoschoolbybike.我有时骑自行车上学。Joggingismyfavoritepastime.慢跑是我的业余爱好。Whatdoyoudowhenyouhavefreetime?你业余爱好是什么？

Whatdoyoudoinyoursparetime?你业余爱好是什么？Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?你最喜欢的电影是什么？Iamnotinterestedincollectingstamps。我对集邮不感兴趣。（9）谈论饮食Canyoufollowme,please?请随我来。Here’syourtable.Isitallright?这儿是你的桌子。行吗？Areyoureadytoorder,sir?你准备点菜了吗？MayItakeyourorder?点菜吗？Andanyvegetables?要点蔬菜吗？Whatkindoffishdoyouprefer?你喜欢那种鱼？Pleaseshowmethemenu.请把菜单给我看。Whatareyourspecialities?你们有什么特色菜。（10）谈论健康I'vegotaheadacheandafever,mynosewon'tstoprunning,andeverythinghurts.我头痛、发烧、流鼻涕，浑身疼。Manypeoplearebreakingdownthesedaysduetoworkingstress.许多人因为工作压力而垮了。I'vegainedmuchweightrecently.Ihavetogoonadiet.最近胖了许多，我得节食了。Yougavemeyourcold.你把感冒传给我了。Youareinagoodshape.你身体非常健康。（11）谈论交通Hegotaticketyesterday.他得到一张处罚单。Youranaredlight.你闯红灯了。Younearlyranintothebus.你差点撞上那辆公共汽车。It'srushhournow.Let'stakeataxi.现在是高峰期，坐出租车吧。Therearetrafficjamseverywhere.到处都塞车。（12）频率Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你来这里多长时间了？Whenwillyougraduate?你什么时候毕业？Howoftendoyougotothetrainingclass?你多长时间去一次培训班？I’vebeherefor5years.我来这里5年了。Twiceaweek.一周两次。历年真题：1.WhendoItakemywintervacation?（2008.6B级）2.Howoftendoyougoonline?（2007.12B级）3.Whattimedoyouusuallygotowork?（2007.6B级）4.W:WhattimeshouldIcheckoutifIleavethehoteltomorrow?M:Anytimetomorrowmorning,madam.Q:Whenwillthewomancheckout?（2006.6B级）5.Mr.Smith,howoftendoyougetthismagazine?（2004.6B级）6.M:HowlonghaveyoubeenhereinChina?W:Ijustcameaweekago.I’llbehereforthreemoreweeks.Q:WhendidthemancometoChina?(2007.12A级)7.M:Howlongwillittaketogetmycomputerfixed?W:Itshouldnotbelongerthan3days.I’llcallyouwhenit’sOK.Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?(2006.6A级)（13）个人情绪表达懊悔懊悔WhatafoolishthingI'vedone!我怎么做了这么一件蠢事呢！HowstupidIam.我怎么这么傻呢！Whyhadn'tIthoughtofit?为什么我就没想到呢？HowcouldImissit!我怎么错过了这个机会呢！WhydidItellhimthesethings?我怎么会告诉他这些事情呢？紧张情绪Youseemtohaveantsinyourpants.你看上去心神不安。Iwasonpinsandneedles.我急得如坐针毡。I'msonervous.It'smyfirsttimetospeakbeforethepublic.我好紧张，这是我第一次在公众场合说话。Takeiteasy.Takeadeepbreath.别紧张，深呼吸。I'msonervous.Icanhardlybreathe.我太紧张了，简直不能呼吸。Idon'tdaretogointothepresident'soffice.Mylegsaretrembling.我不敢走进总统的办公室，我的腿在发抖。抱怨Oh,no!Porkagain?I'mfedupwithit.Can'twehaveadecentmeal?噢，又吃猪肉？我已经厌倦了。我们能不能吃一顿像样的饭吗？Shoppingagain?Oh,I'vehadenough.又要购物？我已经受够了。Whydoyoupinchyournose?Ijustcan'tstandtheodor.Itstinks.你为什么捏着鼻子？我简直受不了这气味，臭死了。Todayisnotmyday.Ilostmywallet.今天真倒霉，把钱包弄丢了。Whatluck!We'verunoutofgas.真倒霉!汽油用光了。。道歉/原谅I’msorry.对不起Pleaseforgivemeforbeinglate.请原谅我迟到了。ThatOK./It’sallright./It’snothing.没关系。Noexcuse!/I’mtiredofyourexcuses.废话少说。Ihavetoexcusemyselfamoment.失陪一下。Goahead./Ofcourse.请便。祝贺Congratulationonyourpromotion.恭喜您高升！Thankyou./It’sniceofyoutosayso.谢谢历年真题：Congratulationonyourgettingthejob,Tom.（2004.6B级）表达希望/愿望Wishyousuccessthere!祝你成功！I’dliketobeaproductdesigner.我想成为产品设计师。MerryChristmas!Happybirthday/Easter/NewYear!圣诞/生日/复活节/新年快乐！表示请求Couldyoupleasedomeafavor?/Iwonderifyoucoulddomeafavor?你能帮我个忙吗？Yes,ofcourse./I’llgladto.当然可以。I’drathernot.不行。Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?你介意我开窗吗？Ofcoursenot./No.Goahead.不介意,开吧。Sorry,butit’salittlecoldoutside.抱歉，我介意，外面有点冷。Iwonderifyoucouldlendmesomemoney.你能借我点钱吗？I’dliketo,butIalsoneedalotofmoney.我很想借给你，但是我自己也需要很多钱。CanIgotothemovietonight?我今晚能去看电影吗？Certainlyyoucan./Whynot?当然可以。I’mafraidyoucan’t.恐怕不行。Noway.没门。历年真题：1.Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?（2008.12B级）2.It’sgettingdark.Wouldyoupleaseturnonthelight?3.Wouldyoupleasetellmesomethingaboutthemachine?（2005.12B级）4.W:Mike,mayIusethetelephonehere?M:Sure,andlocalcallsarefreehere.Q:whatdoesthemansayaboutthelocalcalls?（2005.12B级）5.Couldyougetusanotherroomonthisfloor?（2004.12B级）6.M:MayIclosethewindow?W:Yes,please.It’stoonoisyoutside.Q:Whatwillthemando?(2008.12A级)7.M:Excuseme,wouldyoumindifIuseyourphone?W:Sure,it’sonthetableoverthere.Q:Whatdidthemanmean?(2006.12A级)8.M:CouldyousendourpricelisttoBrownCompany?W:Certainly.I’lldoitrightaway.ShouldIsenditbyairmail?Q:Whatisthemanlikelytodo?(2005.12A级)9.M:Excuseme,wouldmindifIuseyourcomputer?W:Helpyourself.It’sonthetableoverthere.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?(2004.6A级)喜欢/不喜欢Whatdoyoulikedoingthen?你喜欢做什么？Ilikedancing,paintingandfishing.我喜欢跳舞，绘画，钓鱼。Whichfooddoyoulikebetter,westernorChinese?你喜欢西方食物还是东方的？历年真题：1.W:Doyoulikeyournewjob?M:Yes,Ilikeitverymuch.Q:Howdoesthewomanfeelabouthernewjob?（2008.12B级）2.M:Iprefercoffeetotea,whataboutyou,Jane?W:Justwater.Q:Whatwillthewomanliketohave?（2008.6B级）3.Wouldyoulikeanothercupoftea?（2006.6B级）询问/发表意见/建议Whatdoyouthinkofhisnewjob/thismagazine?你认为他的新工作/这份杂志怎样？CouldIaskyouforsomeadviceaboutmysuit?您觉得我这身套装怎么样?What’syouropinionaboutitscolor?您认为它的颜色怎样？Whataboutgoingtothepark?去公园如何？Idon'tthinkyoushouldquarrelwithyourmother.我认为你不应该跟你妈妈吵架。IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotsmoke.我要是你的话，就不抽烟。Whatdoyouthinkofyourmanager?Heisabigwig.他是一个大人物。Ican'tbelieveI'velostthegame!Beagoodsport.想不到那场比赛我输了。――有点风度吧！Heisahen-peckedhusband.他是个妻管严。Sheisawetblanket.她使人扫兴。Heisayes-man.他是个和事佬。Heisalltalkbutnoaction.他只有空谈没有行动。Heisverycheap/generous.他很小气/大方。历年真题：1.Whatdoyouthinkofyourboss?（2008.12B级）2.It’safineday,whynotgotothezoo?（2008.6B级）3.M:Mymobilephonedoesn’twork.W:Whydon’tyouhaveitrepaired?Q:What’sthewoman’ssuggestion?（2007.12B级）4.M:Whatdoyouthinkofyournewboss?W:Idon’tlikehim.Heistooserious.（2007.6B级）Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherhernewboss?（2007.6B级）5.W:Shallwehavethemeetingat10o’clockonWednesdaymorning?M:Wednesdaymorningat10it’sO.K.forme.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?（2005.12B级）6.Shallwemeetagaintodiscussitfurther?（2006.12B级）7.I’mgoingtomakesomecoffee.Wouldyoulikesome?（2005.6B级）8.W:Jackisill.You’dbettercallthedoctor.M:Sure,I’lldoitrightaway.Q:Whatwillthemanprobablydo?（2005.6B级）9.W:Well,Mr.Black.Whatdoyouthinkoffastfood?M:Oh,Idon’tlikeit.Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkoffastfood?（2005.6B级）10.W:Whatdoyouthinkofournewboss?M:Sheiskindandpatient.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofhernewboss?（2005.6B级）11.Sally,whatdoyouthinkoftheplay?（2004.12B级）12.M:Willyougivemeyoure-mailaddresssothatIcansendyoumyreply?W:Whynotcallme,sinceyouhavemyphonenumber?Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?(2006.6A级)13.M:Whatdoyouthinkofournewmanager?W:He’sverynice,andquiteexperienced.Q:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthemanager?(2005.12A级)14.M:I’msotired.Idon’tthinkIcanfinishthisreport.W:Gohomenow.Leavethatonetome.Q:Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?(2005.6A级)15.M:Whatdoyouthinkofthenovel?W:It’sveryinteresting.Icouldn’thelpreadingittimeagain.Q:Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthenovel?(2005.6A级)表示拒绝Myhandsarefullnow.SorryIcan'thelpyou.我正忙着呢，很抱歉不能帮你忙。Canyoulendmemoney?Noway.可以借钱给我吗？没门儿。Sheinvitedme,butIturnedherdown.她请了我，但我拒绝了她。Ican'tdothat.我不能那样做。Youwantmetohelpyoucheatintheexam.It'simpossible.你要我帮你考试作弊，那是不可能的。（14）打电话Hello.MayIspeaktoMr.Brown?您好，我找布朗先生。Yes,thisishespeaking.你好，我就是。Holdthelineamoment,please.请稍等。Wouldyouliketoleaveamessage?你能留个言吗？Willyouaskhimtocallmebacklater?您能让他晚会给我打过来吗?WouldyouconnectmewithMr.LeeintheInternationalDepartment?您能帮我接一下国际部的李先生吗？历年真题：1.Hello!MayIspeaktoBillplease?（2007.12B级）2.CanIspeaktoSusan?（2006.12B级）3.Mr.Wang,shallItakeamessagefromyou?（2005.12B级）4.M:CouldIspeaktoMissGreen,please?It’sfromthetravelagency.W:Oh,sorry,sheisnotintheoffice.Shecalledmeupfromthebankjustnow.Q:WhereisMissGreenmostprobablynow?(2007.12A级)5.M:Hi,thisisMaryspeaking.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:Iliketoknowwhenmyorderwillbedelivered.Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?(2005.6A级)第二节二、业务交际1、一般涉外活动交际（1）迎送Gladtomeetyou.WelcometoourCorporation！欢迎来我公司！Doyouhaveyourallluggagehere？你所有的行李都在这儿吗？Wehaveacartotakeyoutoourhotel.我们用车送你到宾馆。Haveyouhadyourticketconfirmedalready？你已经订票了吗？Happylanding！（Haveahappy/goodtrip！）旅途愉快！Let'skeepintouch.！保持联络！（2）日程、活动安排Julie,istheconferenceroomavailabletodayat4:00p.m?Julie,下午四点会议室能用吗？Didyouchecktheappointmentbook?你查过登记本吗？WellthebooksaysJaniceisusingitfrom4:00to4:30butIjusttalkedtoherandshesaidsheisn’tgoingtouseit.本子上登记着Janice四点到四点半用会议室，我刚刚见到她，她说她不用了。Iwisheveryonewouldjustusethebookconsistently.Thenyouwouldn’tallhavetocometome.我希望每个人都坚持使用登记本。那么你就没有必要来找我了。Sorryaboutthat,Julie.SocanIuseit,then?对不起，Julie.我能用是吗？Sure.Doyouneedanoverheadprojectororanything?当然。你需要用投影仪吗？ActuallyIhaveaPowerPointpresentationonmylaptop.Cansomeonehelpmeplugitintotheconferenceroompresentationsystem?我在手提电脑里有一份PowerPoint演示文件.有人可以帮我把它连接到会议室的演示系统上去吗?I’llgetsomeonescheduledforthat.

Anythingelse?

我安排人去做。还有别的事吗？Nope.That’sit.没有。就这些了。Soletmejustconfirmeverythingandrecorditinthebook.MarkwillbeusingtheconferenceroomThursdaythe16thfrom4:00to…whendidyousay?

我们确认一下，把它们记录在登记本上。Mark在星期四也就是十六日要用会议室，从四点到。。。。。。你说什么时间？That’sok.Let’sseethen.Youneeditfrom4:00to6:00andbeforethatyouneedsomeonetoassistyouinsettinguptheaudiovideosystem.Isthatright?

这样的话。我们看看。你要用会议室，四点到六点。在此之前你需要有人帮助你调试好音像设备。（3）住宿安排ImadeareservationinTaipei.我在台北已预订房间。Ishotwateravailableanytime?随时都有热水供应吗?Wouldyoufillinthisregistrationform?麻烦填写这张住宿登记表。Thisisroom316.I'dlikeablanket,please.这是316号房。我想要一件毛毯。CanIgetaticketforthesight-seeingbushere?是否可在此购买观光巴士券?Pleasebringmesomeicecubesandwater.请送给我一些冰块和水。Couldyoubringmybaggagedowntothelobbytomorrowmorning?明早你是否能帮我将行李拿到大厅?Sure.Whattimeareyouleaving?当然。你何时离开?At8o'clock.8点。ThenI'llgotoyourroomat7:50.那我将在7点50分到你的房间。Ihavethreepiecesofbaggage.我总共有3件行李。Pleaseleavethemoutsideyourroomtomorrowmorning.明早，请将行李放在你的门口。I'dliketocheckout.Mybill,please.我要退房。请给我帐单。CanIpaybycreditcard?是否能以信用卡付帐?（4）宴请与迎送MayIhaveamenu,please？请给我菜单。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrinkbeforedinner在用晚餐前想喝些什么吗？Whatisthespecialtyofthehouse？餐厅最特别的菜式是什么？I'monadiet.我正在节食中。Howdoyoulikeyoursteak？你的牛排要如何烹调？Welldone(medium/rare),please.全熟(五分熟/全生)。Couldyourecommendsomegoodwine？是否可建议一些不错的酒？历年真题：1.W:Wouldyouliketoseethemenu,madam?M:Oh,yes,whatistoday’sspecialfood?Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?（2006.6B级）2.M:Hello,sir.MayItakeyourordernow?W:Sorry,Ihaven’tdecidedyet.Afriendofmineiscoming.Q:What’stheprobablyrelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?(2007.6A级)3.M:Madam,whatareyougoingtoorder?W:Justacupofcoffeeandasandwich.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?(2004.6A级)（5）陪同购物、游览与就诊Let'sgowindow-shopping!我们去逛街吧！Thenextitemonthelistshouldbesometoilettissue.我们需要买一些卫生纸。Pricesaredifferent,soshoparoundbyallmeans.价格都不一样，所以不管怎样先货比三家。May/CanIhelpyou?您想买点什么？Howmuchisthis?/Howmucharethese?/Atwhatpricedoyousellthis?/What'sthepriceforthis/these?/MayIknowthepriceofthisdress？请问这（衣服）多少钱？Thisdressis55dollars.Iwanttotrythison.我想试试这件。It'stoosmallbigshortlongtightlooseforme.我穿着太小/大/短/长/紧/松。I'msorry.Wedon'thavethatinyoursize.对不起，我们没有您要的尺寸。/I'mafraidwe'reoutofthatitem.恐怕那种货已经卖完了。Thisisjustmysize.这刚好符合我的尺寸。CanIexchange/refunditifitdoesn'tfit?如果穿起来不合身，可以来换/退吗？Sure.Butjustkeepthereceipt,please.Bringyourreceipttothecustomerservice,andtheywillexchange/refundyou.可以。但您得保存好收据。拿着你收据到顾客服务台，他们会给您退钱。Howareyougoingtopay?Cash,checkorcharge?你打算怎样付款，现金、支票，还是赊帐？历年真题：M:CanIrentaroomfortwoweeks?I’mnotsurewhetherI’llstayforawholemonth.W:Yes.It’s＄150aweekbutonly＄400amonth.Q:Howmuchwillthemanpayifherentstheroomfortwoweeks?(2004.12A级)2、一般涉外业务交际（1）公司、工厂历史、现状等介绍FranklinCompanyPe