2016年国际关系学院翻译硕士英语真题试卷_第1页
2016年国际关系学院翻译硕士英语真题试卷_第2页
2016年国际关系学院翻译硕士英语真题试卷_第3页
2016年国际关系学院翻译硕士英语真题试卷_第4页
2016年国际关系学院翻译硕士英语真题试卷_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩12页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

2016年国际关系学院翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分:132.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数:30,分数:60.00)1.Thegreatuseofaschooleducationisnotsomuchtoteachyouthings______toteachyoutheartoflearning.

(分数:2.00)

A.but

B.nor

C.as

D.like解析:解析:本题考查固定结构。notsomuch…as…为固定结构,意为“与其说……,不如说……”。句意:学校教育的重要作用与其说是教授你知识,不如说是教授你学习之道。2.Allflights______,wedecidedtotakeagreyhound.

(分数:2.00)

A.werecanceled

B.hadbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.havingbeencanceled

√解析:解析:本题考查独立主格结构。逗号后没有连词提示,本空应填非谓语动词,故首先排除[A]项和[B]项。空所在部分的逻辑主语为Allnights,而句子的主语是we,因此是考查独立主格结构。nights与cancel之间为被动关系,故选[D]项,因而排除[C]项。3.Thiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy______payrisesarerelatedtoperformanceatwork.

(分数:2.00)

A.which

B.where

C.whether

D.what解析:解析:本题考查定语从句。分析空前后句子结构可知,主要成分均完整,中间也没有连词,故本空所填词应引导定语从句,所以首先排除[C]项和[D]项。which虽引导定语从句时,句中作主语、宾语或表语,故也排除。题干中,company为定语从句的先行词,定语从句关系副词用where,故答案为[B]项。4.TheAmericanbusinessmanhaddifficultyattimesworkingwithhislocalcounterpartsinGuangdongProvince,forhecouldspeak______CantonesethanMandarin.

(分数:2.00)

A.nomore

B.notmore

C.noless

D.notless解析:解析:本题考查固定结构。nomore…than…意为“……与……都不,同……一样不”,相当于neither…nor…,含有消极、否定的意味。than前后两部分在意义上都是否定的。notmore…than意为“不及……,不如……”,是more…than的否定表达。表示程度上的差异。noless…than…意为“与……一样,不比……差”,强调两者具有同等性。notless…than意为“不比……更”,是less…than的否定表达。根据前面分句中的haddifficulty…workingwith…GuangdongProvince可知,这位美国商人的粤语和普通话说得都不好,故答案为[A]项。5.Hecameintothemanager'soffice______thathewasdismissed.

(分数:2.00)

A.onlytobetold

B.beingtold

C.inordertobetold

D.telling解析:解析:本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式用来表示结果,尤其是表示不曾料想或不希望发生的动作时,可在前加only。分析句子可知,他走进经理办公室后,应该是被告知,故用动词不定式的被动式,所以答案为[A]项。6.Thenewdirectormadeitclearthathisstaffwerenottoacceptgiftsfromclients,______.

(分数:2.00)

A.betheyjewelryorfootballtickets

B.theyarejewelryorfootballtickets

C.whetherarejewelryorfootballtickets

D.nomatterarejewelryorfootballtickets解析:解析:本题考查让步状语从句的倒装。由whether引导的让步状语从句中,如果谓语动词是be,此时whether省略,主谓语颠倒,此时动词必须用be,没有人称、数和时态的变化,故答案为[A]项。7.Theterriblediseaseissaid______thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsinthatregion.

(分数:2.00)

A.being

B.tobe

C.tohavebeen

D.havingbeen解析:解析:本题考查非谓语动词。besaidtodo是固定结构,由句中的时间状语overthepastfewyears可知,动作发生在谓语动作之前,故应用动词不定式的完成式作宾语,故答案为[C]项。8.______yourtimelyadvice,Iwouldneverhaveknownhowtogoaboutthework.

(分数:2.00)

A.Unless

B.Butfor

C.Exceptfor

D.Notfor解析:解析:本题考查虚拟语气在含蓄条件中的用法。此用法中,假设的情况不是用一个条件句来表示,而是隐含在诸如without,butfor,butthat等构成的短语或句子中,或由连词but,副词otherwise,以及比较级等表示的上下文中。因此,根据题意和语法规则,Butfor为最佳答案。9.Thedoctor______amedicineforthechild'sstomachpains.

(分数:2.00)

A.described

B.subscribed

C.prescribed

D.inscribed解析:解析:本题考查动词辨析。根据句意可知,医生(thedoctor)应给病人开药(amedicine)符合语义,故答案为prescribed,意为“开处方,给医嘱”。described意为“描写、形容,叙述,描绘、作图”。subscribed意为“认、捐赠,签署,题词,署名,认购,订阅,订购”。inscribed意为“雕、刻,题写、题献”。10.The______familyinChinesecitiesnowspendsmoremoneyonhousingthanbefore.

(分数:2.00)

A.normal

B.average

C.usual

D.general解析:解析:本题考查形容词辨析。normal意为“正常的”,虽然有时也可意为“平常的,普通的”,但强调的是达到正常水平,与abnormal(不正常)相对。average在本句中表示“普通的,一般的”,强调一般水平或普通水准。usual意为“平常的,通常的,惯常的”,强调习惯性的、常见的、不稀奇的。general意为“普通的,普遍的"时,强调的是影响有关事物大多数的,具有大多数的特征的,故答案为[B]项。句意:中国城市的普通家庭目前在住房上的消费比以前多。11.Pricesare______tovariationwithoutnotice.

(分数:2.00)

A.possible

B.trendy

C.likely

D.subject

√解析:解析:本题考查形容词辨析。possible意为“可能的,可接受的,合理的、可以允许的”,常用于bepossibletodosth.(做某事是可能的)结构。trendy意为“时髦的”。likely意为“可能的,适合的,有希望的”,常用于belikelytodosth.(可能做某事)结构。subject意为“可能受……影响的,易遭受……的”,常用于besubjecttosth.结构。句意为:价格若有变动,不再另行通知。根据本空后的tovariation可排除[A]项和[C]项,根据句意可排除[B]项。12.Becarefulwhenyoutalktoyourboss.Heisinaverybad______today.

(分数:2.00)

A.motive

B.mood

C.mind

D.notion解析:解析:本题考查名词辨析。motive意为“动机,目的,原因”。mood意为“情绪,心情,气氛,氛围”,inabadmood是固定用法,意为“心情不好”,故答案为[B]项。mind意为“头脑,心思,大脑,智慧”。notion意为“观念,信念,理解”。13.Thegovernmenthasallocatedtenmillionpoundstothetsunami-______area.

(分数:2.00)

A.sticken

B.stricken

C.stuck

D.striked解析:解析:本题考查形容词辨析。英文中没有sticken,直接排除。stricken意为“遭受……的;受灾的”,与tsunami-连用后表示“遭受海啸的”。根据空前的allocated(拨……(给))和tsunami(海啸)判断,政府应该是给海啸受灾地区拨款,故答案为[B]项。stuck意为“被……困住的;陷于……而动不了的;被……难住的;不知所措的”。没有striked这个词。14.Thebranchescouldhardly______theweightofthefruit.

(分数:2.00)

A.retain

B.sustain

C.maintain

D.remain解析:解析:本题考查动词辨析。retain意为“保留,保持,持有,继续拥有”。sustain意为“支撑,支持”。maintain意为“维护,保持,坚持,抚养”。remain意为“逗留,剩余,遗留,继续存在”。根据空前的branches和空后的weight判断,应该是树枝无法承受果实的重量,故答案为[B]项。15.Herspeechesarefullof______witandwarmth.

(分数:2.00)

A.captivating

B.captivated

C.captive

D.captured解析:解析:本题考查形容词辨析。captivating意为“迷人的,有魅力的,有吸引力的”。captivated意为“(以某种感染力)吸住,迷惑住,征服”,为动词captivate的过去式和过去分词。caprive意为“被监禁的,被关起来的”。captured意为“捕获,拍摄,夺取,攻夺”,为动词capture的过去式和过去分词。根据空后的witandwarmth可知需要形容词修饰,故首先排除[B]项和[D]项。能够形容speeches的形容词只能是captirating,故为答案。16.AftertheterroristattacksinEurope,he______theideaofgoingtoSpainforaholiday.

(分数:2.00)

A.gavein

B.dismissed

C.missed

D.struck解析:解析:本题考查动词(短语)辨析。givein意为“让步,屈服,投降,上交”;dismiss意为“(从头脑中)去除,不再考虑”,dismisstheideaof…为固定搭配,意为“打消(做某事)的念头”,符合语义,故为答案。miss意为“错过;思念,怀念”。strike意为“罢工;击;攻击;打”。17.Heaskedfor$5,000in______fortheinjuryhesufferedintheaccident.

(分数:2.00)

A.damages

B.losses

C.damage

D.loss解析:解析:本题考查名词辨析。loss意为“损失”,一般指财产损失。damage意为“损坏”,一般指客观事物的破坏、损伤。damages意为“损害赔偿(金)”,即对一个人所受损害的补偿。losses意为“损失额(金)”。根据空前的$5,000和空后的theinjury判断,本空应表示受伤后的赔偿金,故选[A]项。18.Unfortunately,mostpublicplacesaresimplynotgeared______theneedsofpeoplewithdisabilities.

(分数:2.00)

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.at解析:解析:本题考查介词辨析。begearedto/towards是固定搭配,意为“使适合;适应……的需要”,后接名词、代词或动名词,故答案为[C]项。19.Asolarcelltakesradiationfromthesunand______itintoelectricity.

(分数:2.00)

A.alters

B.modifies

C.shapes

D.converts

√解析:解析:本题考查动词辨析。alters意为“改变,更改,修改(衣服使更合身),改建(房屋)”。modifies意为“修饰;调整;缓和”。shapes意为“塑造,使成为……形状(样子)”。convens意为“转换、可转变为”。根据句意判断,应该是将太阳能转换成电,故答案为[D]项。20.Hisconstructiveproposalforimprovingtheprogramis______ofourattention.

(分数:2.00)

A.worth

B.worthy

C.worthwhile

D.worthless解析:解析:本题考查固定搭配。beworthyofsth.为固定搭配,意为“值得做某事”,故答案为[B]。beworthyof相当于bewonhdoingsth.或beworthwhiletodosth.。worthless意为“无价值的,不值钱的,没用处的”。21.AgoodEnglishlearnerissupposedto______alargevocabulary.

(分数:2.00)

A.command

B.order

C.control

D.lead解析:解析:本题考查动词辨析。command意为“拥有,掌握”,commandalargevocabulary意为“掌握大量词汇”,是固定用法,故为答案[A]项。order意为“命令;整理;订货”。control意为“指挥,控制,掌管,支配”。lead意为“导致;领导,引导;牵”。22.Thegovernmenthaslaunchedseveralcampaignstocrack______onpirating.

(分数:2.00)

A.up

B.in

C.down

D.for解析:解析:本题考查介词辨析。分析句子可知,本题要求填入合适的介词与动词crack和介词on构成搭配。crackup意为“(精神)崩溃”。crackdownon意为“打击,镇压,制裁”。根据空后的pirating(侵害版权者;盗版者)可知,答案应为[C]项。23.Traditionallypeoplebelievedthatobesityresultedfromovereatingonly.Today,however,manydoctorsbelievethatitisa(n)______ofgenes.

(分数:2.00)

A.affair

B.matter

C.thing

D.object解析:解析:本题考查名词辨析。It'samatterofsth.是固定句型,意为“这是……的问题”,故答案为[B]项。24.Weweresopoorinthosedaysthatthewholefamilyhadonlyone______andwereashamedofbeingseen.

(分数:2.00)

A.clothes

B.clothing

C.garment

D.costume解析:解析:本题考查名词辨析。四个选项均有“衣服,服装”之意。clothes是普通用词,多指包括上衣、内衣或裤子等具体的一件件衣服。clothing是常用词,为集合名词,是衣服的总称。garment语气庄重,正式用词,复数形式可与clothes换用,指身上全部穿着;单数形式指单件衣服,尤指长袍、外套等外面的衣服。costume指流行于某一地区或某一时代的服装。分析句子可知,此处表示全家人只有一件衣服,故答案为[C]项。25.Everybodysaysthathetakes______hisgrandfather,withhisbigfleshynosethattakes______toomuchspaceonhisface.

(分数:2.00)

A.to;up

B.after;up

C.of;off

D.from;away解析:解析:本题考查介词辨析。分析句子可知,本题要求填入合适的介词与动词take搭配。taketo意为“喜欢,习惯于……;开始从事”。takeup意为“开始从事,着手处理;占(地方);费(时间);占据”。takeafter意为“(在外表、举止、性格方面)像(某家庭成员)”。takeoff意为“起飞,匆匆离开,脱下”。takefrom意为“减去,减损,降低”。takeaway意为“拿走,夺走,使离开,使消失,消除(病痛等)”。分析句子可知,第一空由空后的hisgrandfather判断,应表示“长得像他的祖父”,第二空由空后的toomuchspace判断,应表示“占据空间”,故答案为[B]项。26.Seeingtheclosetonfire,hemadeafutileattempttosavethepaintingsfromtheflames.Theunderlinedwordprobablymeans______.

(分数:2.00)

A.prompt

B.frenzied

C.frantic

D.useless

√解析:解析:本题考查形容词词义理解。根据画线词前面的onfire和后面的attempt(尝试)判断,试图将那些画从大火中抢救出来是徒劳之举,故答案为[D]项。useless意为“无益的,无用的,徒劳的”。prompt意为“敏捷的,及时的,迅速的”。frenzied意为“狂乱的,狂暴的,疯狂似的”。frantic意为“(因恐惧、焦急等)发疯似的,发狂的,慌乱不安的,紧张纷乱的”。27.Herparentskeepheronashort______,althoughshehasturned20.

(分数:2.00)

A.leash

B.lash

C.blush

D.lush解析:解析:本题考查名词辨析。leash意为“(牵狗的)皮带,链条”。lash意为“抽打,鞭端皮条,鞭梢”。blush意为“(因难堪、羞愧)面部泛起的红晕”。lush意为“醉汉”。keepsb.onashortleash是固定搭配,意为“对某人看得很紧”,故答案为[A]项。28.Thisisawidely______bookowingtoitsinsightfulunderstandingofthesubject.

(分数:2.00)

A.exclaimed

B.claimed

C.reclaimed

D.acclaimed

√解析:解析:本题考查形容词辨析。exclaimed意为“呼喊,惊叫,大声说”,是exclaim的过去式和过去分词。claimed意为“要求(应得权利),声称,需要,夺走”,是claim的过去式和过去分词。reclaimed意为“再生的,翻造的,收复的,回收的”。acclaimed意为“备受推崇的,广受欢迎的”。根据空前的副词widely和空后的名词book首先排除[A]项和[B]项。根据空后的insightfulunderstanding(深刻的理解)判断,[C]项不符合语义,故答案为[D]项。29.DoctorsrecommendVitaminCforkeepingcolds______bay.

(分数:2.00)

A.to

B.for

C.in

D.at

√解析:解析:本题考查介词辨析。keepsb./sth.atbay是固定搭配,意为“使……不能靠近,防止……侵袭”。分析句意可知,维生素C可以远离感冒,故答案为[D]项。30.Normallyheisrather______,butsometimeshetalksfreelyabouthimself.

(分数:2.00)

A.reserved

B.informal

C.peaceful

D.sociable解析:解析:本题考查形容词辨析。reserved意为“沉默寡言的”,根据转折连词but和talksfreely(侃侃而谈)可知,符合语义,故为答案。informal意为“不拘礼节的,友好随便的”,与后面的转折连词but逻辑不符。peaceful意为“和平的;安静的”,反义词是violent和noisy,不能和talksfreely形成反差。sociable意为“好交际的;友善的”。二、ReadingComprehension(总题数:10,分数:70.00)Thetemperatureofthesunisover5,000degreesFahrenheitatthesurface,butitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter.Thesunissomuchhotterthantheearththatmattercanexistonlyasagas,exceptatthecore.Inthecoreofthesun,thepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesthat,despitethehightemperature,theremaybeasmallsolidcore.However,noonereallyknows,sincethecenterofthesuncanneverbedirectlyobserved.Solarastronomersdoknowthatthesunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.Startingattheoutsideandgoingdownintothesun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzoneandfinallythecore.Thefirstthreezonesareregardedasthesun'satmosphere.Butsincethesunhasnosolidsurface,itishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyofthesunbegins.Thesun'soutermostlayerbeginsabout10,000milesabovethevisiblesurfaceandgoesoutwardformillionsofmiles.ThisistheonlypartofthesunthatcanbeseenduringaneclipsesuchastheoneinFebruary1979.Atanyothertime,thecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsareusedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglareofthesun'srays.Thecoronaisabrilliant,pearlywhite,filmylight,aboutasbrightasthefullmoon.Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipse.Thecorona'sraysflashoutinabrilliantfanthathaswispyspikelikeraysnearthesun'snorthandsouthpoles.Thecoronaisthickestatthesun'sequator.Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardattremendousspeedsandreachingatemperatureofmorethan2milliondegreesFahrenheit.Theraysofgasthinoutastheyreachthespacearoundtheplanets.Bythetimethesun'scoronaraysreachtheEarth,theyareweakandinvisible.(分数:12.00)(1).Matteronthesuncanexistonlyintheformofgasbecauseofthesun's______.(分数:2.00)

A.size

B.age

C.location

D.temperature

√解析:解析:事实细节题。根据题干中的Matter和gas将本题出处定位于文章第一段第二句。该句提到,太阳比地球炎热得多,因而除了太阳核心,物质只能以气体的形式存在。由此可知,太阳上的物质以气体的形式存在是由于太阳的温度,故答案为[D]项。(2).Thesecondparagraphismainlyconcernedwith______.(分数:2.00)

A.howthesunevolved

B.thestructureofthesun

C.whyscientistsstudythesun

D.thedistanceofthesunfromtheplanets解析:解析:主旨大意题。第二段介绍太阳由外至内是由日冕层、色球层、光球层、对流层和核心五个部分构成的。由此可知,第二段主要关于太阳的结构,故答案为[B]项。(3).Allofthefollowingarepartsofthesun'satmosphereEXCEPTthe______.(分数:2.00)

A.corona

B.chromosphere

C.photosphere

D.core

√解析:解析:事实细节题。根据题干中的atmosphere将本题出处定位于文章第二段第三句。该句提到,日冕层、色球层和光球层属于太阳大气。由此可知,核心不属于太阳大气,故答案为[D]项。(4).Theword"glare"inthepassageprobablymeans______.(分数:2.00)

A.strongheat

B.harmfuleffect

C.brightunpleasantlight

D.endlesswarmth解析:解析:词义理解题。根据题干中的glare将本题出处定位于文章第三段。该段提到,日食的时候能看到日冕,其他时候,只有在相机和望远镜上使用特殊仪器,遮住日光的“glare”,才能观测到日冕。由此推测,glare在此指的是刺眼的光,故答案为[C]项。(5).Accordingtothepassage,asthecoronaraysreachtheplanets,theybecome______.(分数:2.00)

A.hotter

B.clearer

C.thinner

D.stronger解析:解析:事实细节题。根据题干中的coronarays和reachtheplanet将本题出处定位于文章最后一段最后一句。该句提到,日冕的光线到达地球时就已经变弱且看不到了,[C]项对原文中weakandinvisible的同义转述,故为答案。(6).Whichofthefollowingdotheparagraphsfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscuss?(分数:2.00)

A.Theremaininglayersofthesun.

B.Theevolutionofthesuntoitspresentform.

C.TheeclipseofFebruary1979.

D.Thescientistswhostudyastronomy.解析:解析:推理判断题。第二段提到太阳是由日冕层、色球层、光球层、对流层和核心五个部分构成的,接着第三至五段介绍了日冕层,由此推断,下文最有可能继续介绍太阳的其他几个构成部分。故答案为[A]项。Seeingthewreckforthefirsttime,underthegreatarcofasunnyskyonthatlevelshore,Iwasinitiallyimpressedbyitsremoteness.Herewasthefocusofthoseweeksofdiscussion,ofseeminglyendlesscarefulplanning:aslightlyprojecting,elongatedoutline.Thewarmthofthedaymeantthatmanyholiday-makerswereabout,andourequipmentrapidlyattractedthemtothesite,unmistakablewithitsbrilliantorangemarker,eachattachedtoasteelpost.Thesepostsmarkedoffthefourcornersofourworkingarea,andwerelinkedbyaropetokeepitclearofcurioussightseers.Manystructuralfeaturesofthewreckwhichwouldnormallyhavebeenvisiblewereobscuredbythesand,whichwasnotonlyrightuptobutevenabovetheuppergundeck.Wewenttoworkimmediatelywhenthefirstlowtidemadeastartpossible,andsetupourbasicsurveylinerunningdownthemiddleofthewreckfrombowtostern.Aswesetaboutmeasuringthesidesoftheshipintheirrelationtosurveyline,the"Amsterdam"emergedasavesselofsubstance,andmoresowhenthemembersoftheteamhadscouredheragedtimbersfreefrommusselshellsandseaweed.Allthisactivityattractedanincreasingnumberofsightseers,whoseinterestwasnaturalandwelcome,sincethemorepeoplewhoweremovedtounderstandwhatwewereabout,thebetteritwasforarchaeologyingeneralandforthefuturepreservationofthe"Amsterdam"inparticular.However,therewerealsopredatorysouvenirhunterswhoweremostdisappointedbyourmerelytakingelaboratemeasurements,withnoapparentintentionofdiggingupmoreobjects.(分数:12.00)(1).Seeingthewreckofthe"Amsterdam",theauthorwasimpressedby______.(分数:2.00)

A.itsapparentisolation

B.itsaccessibilityfromtheshore

C.thecrowdsofpeopleroundit

D.theeffectofitsoutlineagainstthesky解析:解析:事实细节题。根据题干中的seeingthewreck和wasimpressedby将本题出处定位于文章第一段第一句。该句提到,作者第一次见到阿姆斯特丹号沉船残骸时,首先留下深刻印象的是它年代的久远。题干中的seeingthewreck和,wasimpressedby为文中信息的再现,其后内容为本题答案的依据。remoteness意为“偏僻,遥远”。[A]项较准确地表达了原文的意思,故答案为[A]项。(2).Accordingtothepassage,theholiday-makersonthebeachwere______.(分数:2.00)

A.confinedwithinaroped-offarea

B.confinedtotheupperpartofthewreck

C.keptwellawayfromtheorangemarkers

D.discouragedfromenteringtheroped-offarea

√解析:解析:事实细节题。根据题干中的holiday-makers将本题出处定位于文章第二段第一句。该段提到,施工范围的四角插着有橙色标志的钢杆,用绳子圈起来,以阻挡好奇的观光者。[D]项是对原文的同义转述,故为答案。(3).Theword"obscured"inthepassageprobablymeans______.(分数:2.00)

A.madeclearer

B.madelessclear

C.obtained

D.filled解析:解析:词义理解题。根据题干中的obscured将本题出处定位于第三段第一句。该句提到,沉船残骸在正常情况下本应可见的结构特点被沙子“obscured”,这些沙子不仅到达了炮甲板,甚至没过了它。由此推测,“obscured”指本应可见的东西变得看不清了,即“使变得模糊”,故答案为[B]项。(4).Wearetoldthatworkonthewreckwasmadedifficultby______.(分数:2.00)

A.theslopeofthebeach

B.theheightoftheship

C.thenumberofholiday-makers

D.thevolumeofthesand解析:解析:事实细节题。第二段提到,温暖的天气意味着大批度假者的到来,而“我们”的设备会迅速将他们吸引到残骸所在地,考古人员设置了绳索防止他们进入施工范围,由此可知,大量的度假者会加大沉船上的工作难度,故答案为[C]项。(5).Thepassagesuggeststhatthe"Amsterdam"hadbeena______.(分数:2.00)

A.submarine

B.warship

C.fishingboat

D.passengerliner解析:解析:推理判断题。第三段第一句中的gundeck(炮甲板)推断阿姆斯特丹号是一艘军舰,故答案为[B]项。(6).Thepassagesuggeststhat"I"wasmostlikelya(n)______.(分数:2.00)

A.reporter

B.archaeologist

C.tourist

D.beachkeeper解析:解析:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到,越多的人了解到“我们”从事的事业并为之感动,对整个考古学和未来“阿姆斯特丹号”的保存越有好处。据此推测,作者是一名考古工作者,故答案为[B]项。Nineteenth-centuryassociationisttheoriesassumedthatthemindfunctionsintermsofassociation,formingsetsofconceptsandexperiences.Associationistsarguedthatmentalcontentscouldbestudiedbynotingthelinksofsimilarity,contrastandproximitywhichexistinanindividual'sthoughtandbehaviorpatterns.Pavlov'snotionofconditioningisitselfbaseontheassociationisttheorythatonestimulusbecomesassociatedwithanother.Ifabellisrungeachtimeadogisgivenfood,thedogwillbecomeconditionedtosalivateonhearingthebellring,despitetheabsenceoffood.Firstusedtoinvestigatethedifferencesincognitivestyles,word-associationtestsbecameasensitiveinstrumentforthedetectionofemotionalconcerns.Inaword-associationtest,asubjectispresentedwithalistofabout100wordsasstimuli.Eachwordischosenbythetesterandthesubjectisrequiredtorespondwiththefirstwordthatcomesintohisorhermindonhearingthestimulusword.Thetesternotesthesubject'sresponsetimeforeachofthewordswiththeuseofachronometer.Itisarguedthatifthesubjectisemotionallyindifferenttoastimulusword,theresponsetimeforthereactionisveryshort.If,ontheotherhand,thestimuluswordcarriesemotionalsignificanceforthesubject,theresponsetimeislikelytobesignificantlylonger.Inaddition,reactionstosignificantwordsmayalsoincludehesitation,stuttering,involuntarymovementorothersymptomsofdisturbance.Jung,whousedword-associationtestsintheearlypartofhiscareer,showedthatfamilymembers,inparticularmothersanddaughtersandhusbandsandwives,exhibitedsimilarresponsestothesamestimuluswords.Hearguedthatthisindicatedafailuretoachieveindividuationandwasindicativeofthepotentiallynegativedynamicsthatexistinfamilyrelationships.InatestcarriedoutbyDonaldD.Jaffe,apioneerofword-associationtests,asubjectwasobservedtoexhibitdelayanddisturbanceinresponsetothewords"friend","bottle",and"fight".Jaffesuggestedthatthesubjecthadbeeninvolvedinadrunkenfightwithafriendinwhichawindowhadbeenbroken.Thesubjectadmittedthatsuchanexperiencehad,indeed,takenplaceandthatthefriendhadaskedthesubjecttopayforthedamagesresultingfrominjurieshehadreceived.(分数:12.00)(1).Associationisttheories______.(分数:2.00)

A.wereusefulonlyforstudyinghowpeoplethink

B.werefirstusedbyJunginword-associationtests

C.formedthebasisforPavlov'snotionofconditioning

D.wereusedtoassessaperson'svocabulary解析:解析:事实细节题。根据题干中的Associationisttheories将本题出处定位于文章第一段。第一段第三句提到,巴甫洛夫的调节概念本身就是基于联想主义理论,[C]项是对原文的同义转述,故为答案。(2).Accordingtothepassage,achronometerisadevicetomeasure______.(分数:2.00)

A.time

B.facialexpressions

C.voice

D.associationbetweenwords解析:解析:事实细节题。根据题干中的chronometer将本题出处定位第三段最后一句。该句提到,chronometer用于记录每位研究对象的反应时间,故答案为[A]项。(3).Inaword-associationtest,______canbesignificant.(分数:2.00)

A.thetimeofresponse

B.thewordprovidedbyasubject

C.facialexpressionsofthesubjectonhearingtheword

D.alloftheabove

√解析:解析:事实细节题。根据题干中的significant将本题出处定位于文章第四段。第四段第二、三句提到,如果刺激词对研究对象具有情感意义,反应时间很可能显著延长。此外,对重要词语的反应还包括犹豫、口吃、无意识动作或者其他干扰征兆。由此可知,[A]项、[B]项和[C]项在词联想测验中都具有重要意义,故答案为[D]项。(4).AccordingtoJung,______.(分数:2.00)

A.thefatherandthedaughterinafamilyrespondedquitedifferentlytoawordstimulus

B.thesimilarityoftheresponsesinafamilyindicatedthatthefamilymembersgotonwellwitheachother

C.thesimilarityoftheresponsesinafamilyindicatedthatchildreninthefamilywerenotcapableofindividualthinking

D.ifmembersinafamilyrespondedsimilarlytoawordstimulus,thefamilywasgoingtobreakup解析:解析:事实细节题。根据题干中的Jung将本题出处定位于文章第五段。该段提到,荣格通过词联想测试发现,某些母女和夫妻对相同的刺激词给出相似的反应。他认为这表明未能实现个性化,且暗示着家庭关系中存在潜在的负面动力。[C]项是对原文的同义转述,故为答案。[A]项和[D]项属于无中生有,故排除。[B]项与文义相悖,故排除。(5).Jaffe'sexperimentshowsthat______.(分数:2.00)

A.theword-associationtestisverypowerful

B.word-associationtestscanbeusedonlyforassessingunpleasantexperiences

C.thesubjectwasanaggressiveman

D.thefriendwasrightinaskingthesubjecttopayfortheinjuries解析:解析:事实细节题。根据题干中的Jaffe将本题出处定位于文章最后一段。该段提到,在贾菲进行的一次词联想测试中,研究对象在听到词语“朋友”“瓶子”和“打架”时回应表现出延迟和困扰。贾菲认为研究对象曾酒后与朋友打架,还打碎了窗户。研究对象承认确实发生过这样的事。这个例子体现了词联想测试的有效性,故答案为[A]项。[B]项属于无中生有,故排除,[C]项属于过度推断,故排除。文中仅提到研究对象的朋友要求他赔偿受伤的损失,没有评价这个要求的对错,故排除[D]项。(6).Thepassagemainlytalksaboutthesignificanceofword-associationtestsinassessing______.(分数:2.00)

A.people'scognitivestyles

B.people'semotionalconcerns

C.people'spotentialsforatask

D.familyrelationships解析:解析:主旨大意题。文章第二段提到,词联想测试最初用于研究认知方式的不同,后来成为探测情感关注的灵敏仪表。接着第三至五段介绍了运用词联想测试探测情感关注的方法并举例进行说明。由此可知,本文主要讨论词联想测试用于评估人们情感关注的重要性,故答案为[B]项。Whenwefeelstressed,ouradrenalglandsreleaseapeptidecalledCortisol.OurbodyrespondswithCortisolwhetheritfacesphysical,environmental,academic,oremotionaldanger.Thistriggersastringofphysicalreactionsincludingdepressionoftheimmunesystem,tensingofthelargemuscles,blood-clotting,andincreasingbloodpressure.It'stheperfectresponsetotheunexpectedpresenceofasable-toothedtiger.Butinschool,thatkindofresponseleadstoproblems.ChronicallyhighCortisollevelsleadtothedeathofbraincellsinthehippocampus,whichiscriticaltoexplicitmemoryformation.Thesephysicalchangesaresignificant.StanfordscientistRobertSapolskyfoundthatatrophylevelsinthehippocampusofVietnamveteranswithPTSD(post-traumaticstressdisorder)rangedfrom8to24percentabovethecontrolgroup.Chronicstressalsoimpairsastudent'sabilitytosortoutwhat'simportantandwhat'snot.JacobsandNadel(1985)suggestthatthinkingandmemoryareaffectedunderstress.Thebrain'sshort-termmemoryandabilitytoformlong-termmemoriesareinhibited.Thereareotherproblems.Chronicstressmakesstudentsmoresusceptibletoillness.Inonestudy,studentsshowedadepressedimmunesystemattesttime;theyhadlowerlevelsofanimportantantibodyforfightinginfection.Thismayexplaintheviciousacademiccycle;moreteststressmeansmoresickness,whichmeanspoorhealthandmissedclasses,whichcontributetolowertestscores.Astressfulphysicalenvironmentislinkedtostudentfailure.Crowdedconditions,poorstudentrelationships,andevenlightingcanmatter.OptometristRayGottliebsaysthatschoolstresscausesvisionproblems.Thatinturnimpairsacademicachievementandself-esteem.Hesaysthat,typically,astressedchildwillconstrictbreathingandchangehowheorshefocusestoadapttothestress.Thispatternhurtslearningintheshortandlongrun.Understress,theeyesbecomemoreattentivetoperipheralareasasanaturalwaytospotpredatorsfirst.Thismakesitnearlyimpossibletotrackacrossapageofprint,stayingfocusedonsmallareasofprint.(分数:12.00)(1).WhatdoesNOTCortisoldo?(分数:2.00)

A.Itleadstothedeathofbraincell.

B.Itcausesthereleaseofadrenalglandsblood-clotting.

C.Itpreparesonefortheattackofsaber-toothedtigers.

D.Itaffectsone'simmunesystem.解析:解析:事实细节题。第一段第四句提到,皮质醇引发的一系列生理反应在突然遇到剑齿虎时是适合的,并不是说它能使人准备好迎接剑齿虎的攻击,故[C]项错误,为答案。第一段最后一句提到,皮质醇水平长期高会引起海马体内的脑细胞死亡,由此可排除[A]项。第一段第三句提到,皮质醇引发一系列生理反应,免疫系统衰退、大肌群紧张、凝血和血压升高。由此可知,[B]项和[D]项正确,予以排除。(2).StressdoesNOTusuallyresultin______.(分数:2.00)

A.loweratrophylevels

B.impairedabilitytodistinguishwhatisimportantandwhatisnot

C.weakenedthinking

D.inhibitedabilitytoformshortandlong-termmemories解析:解析:事实细节题。第二段第二句以患有创伤后应激障碍的越战老兵为例,指出他们的海马体萎缩程度比对照组高8%至24%,由此可知,压力会加深萎缩程度,故[A]项错误,为答案。第二段第三句提到,长期压力会损害学生区分事情重要与否的能力,由此排除[B]项。第二段最后两句提到,思考和记忆会受压力影响,大脑的短时记忆和形成长时记忆的能力会受到抑制,由此可排除[C]项和[D]项。(3).Whichofthefollowingstatementsisverypossiblywrong?(分数:2.00)

A.Peopleunderchronicstressgetilleasily.

B.Peopleunderchronicstresshavemoreantibodythananaverageperson.

C.Themoreteststressyouhave,thelowertestscoresyoumighthave.

D.Teststressmayproducebettertestscores.解析:解析:事实细节题。第三段第二、三句提到,长期压力使学生更易生病,学生在考试期间免疫系统衰退,他们体内一种抗感染的重要抗体减少,由此可知,[A]项正确而[B]项错误,故答案为[B]项。第三段最后一句提到,考试压力越大意味着生病多,生病多意味着健康状况差而缺课多,进而导致考试成绩差,由此可知[C]项正确,故排除。[D]项为强干扰项,文中虽提到考试压力容易导致成绩差,但这并不是绝对的,无法否定考试压力带来好成绩的可能性,而题干问的是“很可能错误的”,故排除[D]项。(4).WhenwouldoneverypossiblyNOTfeelstressful?(分数:2.00)

A.Whentherearefewpeoplearound.

B.Whenyoudonothavemanyfriends.

C.Whenyouareinverybrightlight.

D.Whenyoureadabookofsmallprint.解析:解析:事实细节题。第四段第一、二句提到,充满压力的物理环境与学业失败有关,与拥挤的环境、不良的同学关系、甚至照明都有关系。由此可知,周围人少应该不会导致压力,故答案为[A]项。(5).RayGottliebisspecializedin______.(分数:2.00)

A.stressstudies

B.lightstudies

C.studiesofhumaneyes

D.educationstudies解析:解析:推理判断题。根据题干中的RayGottlieb将本题出处定位于第四段第三句。该句提到RayGottlieb表示学校压力会导致视力问题,下文具体进行解释,提到压力状态下人眼看事物的变化,据此推测,他的专业是研究人的眼睛,故答案为[C]项。(6).WhenRayGottliebsaysthatschoolstresscausesvisionproblems,hemeansthat______.(分数:2.00)

A.stressleadstoshort-sightednessofstudents

B.stressaffectsstudents'breathing

C.stressleadstofailuretospotpredators

D.stressdeviatesstudents'focusofattention解析:解析:事实细节题。第四段第五句提到,压力大的孩子通常会控制呼吸并且改变眼睛聚焦的方式来适应压力,[B]项是对原文中astressedchildwillconstrictbreathing的同义转述,故为答案。[A]项和[D]项文中没有提及,故排除。第四段第七句提到,压力下眼睛更关注周围,就像本能地首先发现捕食者,而不是说压力会导致不能发现捕食者,故排除[C]项。WhatishappeningintheUnitedStatestodayistrulyastonishing.Inasocietythatpridesitselfonitspreferenceforfactsoverhearsay,onitsopennesstoresearch,andonitsrespectfor"expert"opinion,parents,educators,administrators,andlegislatorsareignoringthefacts,theresearch,andtheexpertopinionabouthowyoungchildrenlearnandhowbesttoteachthem.Allacrossthecountry,educationalprogramsintendedforschool-agedchildrenarebeingappropriatedfortheeducationofyoungchildren.Insomestates(forexample,NewYork,Connecticut,andIllinois)educationaladministratorsareadvocatingthatchildrenenterschoolatagefour.Manykindergartenprogramshavebecomefull-daykindergartens,andnursery-schoolprogramshavebecomepre-kindergartens.Moreover,manyofthesekindergartenshaveintroducedcurricula,includingworkpapers,oncereservedforfirst-gradechildren.Andinbooksaddressedtoparentsanumberofwritersareencouragingparentstoteachinfantsandyoungchildrenreading,math,andscience.Whenweinstructchildreninacademicsubjects,orinswimming,gymnastics,orballet,attooearlyanage,wemiseducatethem;weputthematriskforshort-termstressandlong-termpersonalitydamagefornousefulpurpose.Thereisnoevidencethatsuchearlyinstructionhaslastingbenefits,andconsiderableevidencethatitcandolastingharm.Why,then,areweengagin

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论