IGF-采矿、矿产、金属和可持续发展政府间论坛的历史（英）

TheHistoryoftheIntergovernmentalForumonMining,Minerals,MetalsandSustainableDevelopment(IGF)

HowdidtheIGFemergeastheglobalforumformorethan80membercountriesadvancinggoodmininggovernanceforsustainabledevelopment?

OriginsWiththeUnited

Nations

TheIGForiginatedattheUnitedNations(UN)2002WorldSummitonSustainableDevelopmentinJohannesburg,SouthAfrica.UNmemberswithaninterestinminingtookactiontoraiseawarenessabouttheminingsector’simportanceforsocialandeconomicdevelopment,thevalueofmineralsformodernliving,andtheneedtoenhancecontributionsfrommining.The

partiescollaboratedon

paragraph46

of

theJohannesburgPlanofImplementation,

whichoutlinedthefollowingprioritiesfor

stakeholders:

•addressingtheenvironmental,economic,health,andsocialimpactsandbenefitsofmining,minerals,andmetals;

•enhancingtheabilityofstakeholderstoplayanactiveroleinthesector;and

2

TheHistoryoftheIGF

•supportingcountrieswithfinancial,technical,andadministrativecapacitytogovernminingoperations.

ANovelTypeofUN

Partnership

Acknowledgingthelackofasuitableglobalforumtoadvancetheconcernsandprioritiesofresource-richcountriesasoutlinedinparagraph46,CanadaandSouthAfricaspearheadedaUNTypeII1partnershiptofillthevoid.ItwasnamedtheGlobalDialogueonMining,Minerals,MetalsandSustainableDevelopment,and,fromtheoutset,itwasintendedtobeaplatformforgovernmentstoshareexperiencesandcollaboratetoadvancesustainabledevelopmentthroughmining.

Atotalof53countriesparticipatedintheGlobalDialogue.Together,theydecidedthattheirobjectiveswouldbebestachievedbyestablishingamoreformal,member-drivenintergovernmentalforumforresource-

richcountries.WithsupportfromtheUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeand

“TheGlobalDialoguehasourwholeheartedsupportpreciselybecauseitseekstoengagegovernmentsinconstructivediscourseabouttheissuesfacingcountriesthataimtobasetheirdevelopmentonmineralandmetalsproduction.”

LAKSHMIPURI

Director,DivisiononInternationalTradeinGoodsandServicesandCommodities,UNCTAD,onJune1,2004,attheGlobalDialoguemeetingattheUNPalaisdesNations,Geneva

Development(UNCTAD),theparticipantnationsheldtwopreparatorymeetingsatthePalaisdesNationsinGenevain2003and2004.Duringthesemeetings,thepartiesnegotiatedtermsandpreparedtolaunchthenewforum.

TheIGFwaslaunchedinFebruary2005,with25countriesasfoundingmembersandwasrecognizedbytheUN2asaTypeIIpartnershiplinkedtotheJohannesburgsummit.

Foundingmembercountriesin

2005

Bolivia

Burundi

Canada

Dominican

Republic

Eswatini

Ethiopia

Gabon

Ghana

Guinea

Kenya

Madagascar

Malawi

Mauritania

Morocco

Niger

Nigeria

Philippines

Romania

Senegal

SouthAfrica

Suriname

Tanzania

Uganda

UnitedKingdomUruguay

TheGovernmentofCanadawasthefoundinghostoftheIGFSecretariat,anditadministereditsoperationsfor10yearsthroughGlobalAffairsCanadaandNaturalResourcesCanada.In2005theIGForganizeditsfirstAnnualGeneralMeetings(AGMs),hostedbyUNCTADatthePalaisdesNations.

1TheTypeIIpartnershipmodelwasdevelopedattheJohannesburgsummittoallowformoreflexibleandvoluntarypartnershipsinvolvinganycombinationofgovernmentsandotheractors.

2TheIGF’sTypeIIpartnershipwasregisteredwiththeUNDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsDivisionforSustainableDevelopment.

3

TheHistoryoftheIGF

THEIGFANDUNCTAD

UNCTADhasbeenanessentialpartneroftheIGFsinceitsinception,hostingandcontributingtoearlyfoundationalmeetingsleadingtotheIGF’screation.Thispartnershipcontinuestothepresentday,withUNCTADhavinghostedeveryin-personIGFAGMatthePalaisdesNationsinGeneva.TheannualgatheringanchorstheIGF’sactivitiesandhasbecomeanunparalleledeventforconveningandengagingpolicy-makers.Itisalsoaforumfordiscussions,peerlearning,andconnectionbetweenrepresentativesfromindustry,academia,international,non-governmental,andcivilsocietyorganizations.AshostoftheAGM,UNCTADisaninstrumentalIGFpartner.

TheIGF’sMiningPolicy

Framework

Atthe2010AGM,IGFmembercountriesratifiedthecornerstone

MiningPolicy

Framework

(MPF),acompendiumofbestpracticesthatsupportgoodgovernanceinmining.InformedbytheneedsandexperiencesofIGFmembers,theMPFoutlineshowgovernmentcanensurethebenefitsofminingareoptimizedandequitablysharedtomaximizethesector’scontributiontosustainabledevelopment.

Importantly,theMPFalsoprovidesaclearmandatefortheIGFtoworkwithgovernmentstoadvancetheirsustainabledevelopmentgoalswitheffectivelaws,policies,andregulationsfortheminingsector.Thisworkincludes

•conveningdialoguesandeventstoadvancebestpractices,peerlearning,andengagement;

•guidancedocuments,research,andpublications;

•in-countryMPFassessments;and

•capacitybuildingandtechnicaltrainingforgovernments.

TheIGF’sscopecoversthefullmininglifecycle,fromexplorationtomineclosureandpost-miningtransition,andprojectsofallsizes,fromartisanalminingtolarge-scaleoperations.

ThesixpillarsoftheMPF

LegalandPolicy

Environment

FinancialBenefitOptimization

Socio-economicBenefitOptimization

Environmental

Management

Post-MiningTransition

ArtisanalandSmall-ScaleMining

4

TheHistoryoftheIGF

IGFANDTHEUNCOMMISSIONONSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT

InaccordancewithitsoriginsasaTypeIIpartnershipatthe2002Johannesburgsummit,theIGFreportedonitsactivitiesandprogressduringtheUNCommissiononSustainableDevelopment(CSD)18meetingin2010.Thenextyear,theIGFsubmitteditsnewlyratifiedMPFatCSD19forconsiderationbygovernmentsanddelegatesfromotherorganizationswithaninterestinmining.TheIGFalsopresentedavisionandproposedparametersforagreaterUNroleinmining,reflectingtheviewsandinterestsofIGFmembercountries.

MPFassessmentscompletedasof2023

Dominican

Republic

Ecuador

Honduras

Jamaica

Kyrgyzstan

Madagascar

Mauritania

Mexico

Mongolia

Namibia

Panama

Rwanda

Senegal

Suriname

Uganda

Todate,theIGFSecretariathasworkedwith15membergovernmentstoassesstheirnationalframeworksagainsttheMPFintwophases.ThefirstisanMPFassessment,whichincludesanin-countyvisitandstakeholderoutreach.Itculminateswitha

“WenotedwithsatisfactiongrowingsupportforarenewedUNinterestinmininginthecourseofCSD18.Webelievethatminesministries,throughtheIGFandasdemonstratedbyitsMPF,areideallyplacedtoplayakeyglobaladvisoryroleonthefullspectrumofmining-relatedissues.”

IGFCHAIR(MALAWI)

attheIntergovernmentalPreparatoryMeetingforUNCSD19onMarch2,2011,inNewYorkCity

publishedassessmentreportthatidentifiesstrengths,weaknesses,andgapsinexistingmininglaws,policies,andregulationsandprovidesrecommendationsforimprovementbasedonthebestpracticespresentedintheMPF.Thesecondphaseinvolvesthe

IGFSecretariatprovidingcapacity-buildingandtechnicalassistancebasedontheassessment’sfindingsandrecommendations.

ContinuingGrowthand

Evolution

In2015,10yearsafteritwasfounded,theIGF’smembershiphadnearlydoubledtoinclude47nations.Inthesameyear,theGovernmentofCanadadecidedtomovetheSecretariat’sadministrationoutsideofGlobalAffairsCanadatobettermeettheneedsofthegrowingIGFmembershipandthenewlyadoptedSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs).Canadaprovidedcorefundingtothe

InternationalInstituteforSustainable

Development

totakeovertheSecretariat’sadministrationstartinginOctober2015.

In2021,theGovernmentoftheNetherlandsjoinedCanadaasacorefunderoftheSecretariat,allowingtheIGFtobroadenitsworkofferingsandallocatemoreresourcestohelpsupportgovernmentsinimplementingtheSDGs,includingimportantissuessuchasgenderequality,sustainableeconomicgrowth,climateaction,andcriticalmineralsfortheenergytransition.

5

TheHistoryoftheIGF

NewIGFmembers2005–2015

Argentina

Botswana

Brazil

BurkinaFaso

Cameroon

Egypt

Guatemala

Honduras

India

Jamaica

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Mali

Mexico

Mongolia

Mozambique

Namibia

PapuaNew

Guinea

Peru

Russia

SierraLeone

Zambia

NewIGFmembers2015–2023

Afghanistan

Armenia

Bhutan

Cambodia

Chad

Colombia

CostaRica

Ecuador

ElSalvador

Fiji

France

Georgia

Germany

Guyana

Ireland

IslamicRepublicofIran

Laos

Lesotho

Liberia

Myanmar

Netherlands

Panama

Paraguay

Republicofthe

Congo

Rwanda

SaudiArabia

Somalia

SouthSudan

Sudan

Sweden

Thailand

Togo

UnitedStatesof

America

Zimbabwe

Membershipgrowthhascontinued,withmorethan80nationsnowsittingasIGFmembers,includingmostoftheworld’smajorminingjurisdictions.Thisgrowthreflectstheincreasingrelevanceofminingandthedemandforbettergovernance.

In2022,theIGFbeganamultistakeholderprocesstoupdatetheMPFtomeetitsmembers’evolvingneeds—resource-richcountriesfacetheprospectofincreasingdemandforcriticalmineralsfortheenergytransitionandcallsformoreinclusiveandequitablepracticestoensurebetterenvironmental,social,andeconomicperformance.TheupdatedMPFwillbetabledforratificationbyIGFmembersatthe19thAGMinNovember2023.

TheIGFhasbecometheleadingintergovernmentalpolicyforumonminingandsustainabledevelopment.Thismember-led,voluntarypartnershipisopentoallUNcountriesworkingtousemineralresourcestocontributetosustainabledevelopment.

©2023TheInternationalInstituteforSustainableDevelopment

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