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计算机英语词汇1、CPU3DNow!(3Dnowaiting)ALU(ArithmeticLogicUnit,算术逻辑单元)AGU(AddressGenerationUnits,地址产成单元)BGA(BallGridArray,球状矩阵排列)BHT(branchpredictiontable,分支预测表)BPU(BranchProcessingUnit,分支处理单元)BrachPediction(分支预测)CMOS:(ComplementaryMetalOxideSemiconductor,互补金属氧化物半导体)CISC(ComplexInstructionSetComputing,复杂指令集计算机)CLK(ClockCycle,时钟周期)COB(Cacheonboard,板上集成缓存)COD(CacheonDie,芯片内集成缓存)CPGA(CeramicPinGridArray,陶瓷针型栅格阵列)CPU(CenterProcessingUnit,中央处理器)DataForwarding(数据前送)Decode(指令解码)DIB(DualIndependentBus,双独立总线)EC(EmbeddedController,嵌入式控制器)1EmbeddedChips(嵌入式)EPIC(explicitlyparallelinstructioncode,并行指令代码)FADD(FloationgPointAddition,浮点加)FCPGA(FlipChipPinGridArray,反转芯片针脚栅格阵列)FDIV(FloationgPointDivide,浮点除)FEMMS:(FastEntry/ExitMultimediaState,快速进入FFT(fastFouriertransform,快速热欧姆转换)FID(FID:Frequencyidentify,频率鉴别号码)FIFO(FirstInputFirstOutput,先入先出队列)flip-chip(芯片反转)/退出多媒体状态)FLOP(FloatingPointOperationsPerSecond,浮点操作FMUL(FloationgPointMultiplication,浮点乘)FPU(FloatPointUnit,浮点运算单元)/秒)FSUB(FloationgPointSubtraction,浮点减)GVPP(GenericVisualPerceptionProcessor,常规视觉处理器)HL-PBGA:表面黏著,高耐热矩阵封装IA(IntelArchitecture,、轻薄型塑胶球状英特尔架构)ICU(InstructionControlUnit,指令ID:(identify,鉴别号码)控制单元)IDF(IntelDeveloperForum,英特尔开发者论坛)IEU(IntegerExecutionUnits,整数执行单元)2IMM:(IntelMobileModule,英特尔移动模块)InstructionsCache,指令缓存InstructionColoring(指令分类)IPC(InstructionsPerClockCycle,指令ISA(instructionsetarchitecture,指令集架构)KNI(KatmaiNewInstructions,Katmai新指令集,即SSE)Latency(潜伏期)/时钟周期)LDT(LightningDataTransport,闪电数据传输总线)LocalInterconnect(局域互连)MESI(Modified,Exclusive,Shared,Invalid:修改MMX(MultiMediaExtensions,多媒体扩展指令集)MMU(MultimediaUnit,多媒体单元)、排除、共享、废弃)MFLOPS(MillionFloationgPoint/Second,每秒百万个浮点操作)MHz(MillionHertz,兆赫兹)MP(Multi-Processing,多重处理器架构)MPS(MultiProcessorSpecification,多重处理器规范)MSRs(Model-SpecificRegisters,特别模块寄存器)NAOC(no-accountOverClock,无效超频)NI:(Non-Intel,非英特尔)OLGA(OrganicLandGridArray,基板栅格阵列)OoO(OutofOrder,乱序执行)3PGA:Pin-GridArray(引脚网格阵列),耗电大Post-RISCPR(PerformanceRate,性能比率)PSN(ProcessorSerialnumbers,处理器序列号)PIB(ProcessorInaBox,盒装处理器)PPGA(PlasticPinGridArray,塑胶针状矩阵封装)PQFP(PlasticQuadFlatPackage,塑料方块平面封装)RAW(ReadafterWrite,写后读)RegisterContention(抢占寄存器)RegisterPressure(寄存器RegisterRenaming(寄存器Remark(芯片频率Resourcecontention(资源冲突)Retirement(指令引不足)重命名)重标识)退)RISC(ReducedInstructionSetComputing,精简指令集计算机)SEC:(SingleEdgeConnector,单边连接器)Shallow-trenchisolation(浅槽隔离)SIMD(SingleInstructionMultipleData,单指令多数据流)SiO2F(FluoridedSiliconOxide,二氧氟化硅)SMI(SystemManagementInterrupt,系统管理SMM(SystemManagementMode,系统管理SMP(SymmetricMulti-Processing,对称式多重处理中断)模式)架构)4SOI:(Silicon-on-insulator,绝缘体硅片)SONC(Systemonachip,系统集成芯片)SPEC(SystemPerformanceEvaluationCorporation,系统性能评估测试)SQRT(SquareRootCalculations,平方根计算)SSE(StreamingSIMDExtensions,单一指令多数据流扩展)Superscalar(超标量体系结构)TCP:TapeCarrierPackage(薄膜封装),发热小Throughput(吞吐量)TLB(TranslateLooksideBuffers,翻译旁视缓冲器)USWC(UncacheabledSpeculativeWriteCombination,无缓冲随机联合写操作)VALU(VectorArithmeticLogicUnit,向量算术逻辑单元)VLIW(VeryLongInstructionWord,超长指令字)VPU(VectorPermutateUnit,向量排列单元)VPU(vectorprocessingunits,向量处理单元,即处理MMX、SSE等SIMD指令的地方)2、主板ADIMM(advancedDualIn-lineMemoryModules,高级双重内嵌式内存模块)AMR(Audio/ModemRiser;音效/调制解调器主机板附加直立插卡)AHA(AcceleratedHubArchitecture,加速中心架构)ASKIR(AmplitudeShiftKeyedInfra-Red,长ATX:ATExtend(扩展型AT)波形可移动输入红外线)5BIOS(BasicInput/OutputSystem,基本输入/输出系统)CSE(ConfigurationSpaceEnable,可分配空间)DB:(DeviceBay,设备插架)DMI(DesktopManagementInterface,桌面管理接口)EB(ExpansionBus,扩展总线)EISA(EnhancedIndustryStandardArchitecture,增强形工EMI(ElectromagneticInterference,电磁干扰)业标准架构)ESCD(ExtendedSystemConfigurationData,可扩展系统配FBC(FrameBufferCache,帧缓冲缓存)置数据)FireWire(火线,FSB:(FrontSideBus,前置总线,FWH(FirmwareHub,固件中心)即IEEE1394标准)即外部总线)GMCH(Graphics&MemoryControllerHub,图形和内存控制中心)GPIs(GeneralPurposeInputs,普通操作输入)ICH(Input/OutputControllerHub,输入/输出控制中心)IR(infraredray,红外线)IrDA(infraredray,红外线ISA:(IndustryStandardArchitecture,工ISA(instructionsetarchitecture,工MDC(MobileDaughterCard,移动式子卡)通信接口可进行局域网存取和文件共享)业标准架构)业设置架构)MRH-R(MemoryRepeaterHub,内存数据处理中心)6MRH-S(SDRAMRepeaterHub,SDRAM数据处理中心)MTH(MemoryTransferHub,内存转换中心)NGIO(NextGenerationInput/Output,新一代输入/输出标准)P64H(64-bitPCIControllerHub,64位PCI控制中心)PCB(printedcircuitboard,印刷电路板)PCBA(PrintedCircuitBoardAssembly,印刷电路板装配)PCI:(PeripheralComponentInterconnect,互连外围设备)PCISIG(PeripheralComponentInterconnectSpecialInterestGroup,互连外围设备专业组)POST(PowerOnSelfTest,加电自测试)RNG(RandomnumberGenerator,随机数字发生器)RTC:(RealTimeClock实时时钟)KBC(KeyBroadControl,键盘控制器)SAP(SidebandAddressPort,边带寻址端口)SBA(SideBandAddressing,边带寻址)SMA:(ShareMemoryArchitecture,共享内存结构)STD(SuspendToDisk,磁盘唤醒)STR(SuspendToRAM,内存SVR:(SwitchingVoltageRegulator交换USB(UniversalSerialBus,通用串行总线)唤醒)式电压调节)USDM(UnifiedSystemDiagnosticManager,统一系统监测管理器)7VID(VoltageIdentificationDefinition,电压识别认证)VRM(VoltageRegulatorModule,电压调整模块)ZIF:(ZeroInsertionForce,零插力)主板技术GigabyteACOPS:(AutomaticCPUOverHeatPreventionSystemCPU过热预防系统)SIV:(SystemInformationViewer系统信息观察)磐英ESDJ(EasySettingDualJumper,简化CPU双重跳线法)浩鑫UPT(USB、PANEL、LINK、TV-OUT四重接口)芯片组ACPI(AdvancedConfigurationandPowerInterface,先进设置和电源管理)AGP(AcceleratedGraphicsPort,图形加速接口)I/O(Input/Output,输入/输出)MIOC:(MemoryandI/OBridgeController,内存和I/O桥控制器)NBC:(NorthBridgeChip北桥芯片)PIIX:(PCIISA/IDEAccelerator加速器)PSE36:(PageSizeExtension36-bit,36位页面尺寸扩展模式)PXB:(PCIExpanderBridge,PCI增强桥)RCG:(RAS/CASGenerator,RAS/CAS发生器)SBC:(SouthBridgeChip南桥芯片)SMB:(SystemManagementBus全系统管理总线)SPD(SerialPresenceDetect,内存内部序号检测装置)8SSB:(SuperSouthBridge,超级南桥芯片)TDP:(TritonDataPath数据路径)TSC:(TritonSystemController系统控制器)QPA:(QuadPortAcceleration四接口加速)3、显示设备ASIC:(ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit特殊应用积体电路)ASC(Auto-SizingandCentering,自动调效屏幕尺寸和中心位置)ASC(AntiStaticCoatings,防静电涂层)AGAS(AntiGlareAntiStaticCoatings,防强光、防静电涂层)BLA:(BearnLandingArea电子束落区)BMC(BlackMatrixScreen,超黑矩阵屏幕)CRC:(CyclicalRedundancyCheck循环冗余检查)CRT(CathodeRayTube,阴极射线管)DDC:(DisplayDataChannel,显示数据通道)DEC(DirectEtchingCoatings,表面蚀刻涂层)DFL(DynamicFocusLens,动态聚焦)DFS(DigitalFlexScan,数DIC:(DigitalImageControl数字图像控制)DigitalMultiscanII(数DLP(digitalLightProcessing,数字伸缩扫描)字式智能多频追踪)字光处理)9DOSD:(DigitalOnScreenDisplay同屏数字化显示)DPMS(DisplayPowerManagementSignalling,显示能源管理信号)DotPitch(点距)DQL(DynamicQuadrapoleLens,动态四极镜)DSP(DigitalSignalProcessing,数字信号处理)EFEAL(ExtendedFieldEllipticalApertureLens,可扩展扫描椭圆孔镜头)FRC:(FrameRateControl帧比率控制)HVD(HighVoltageDifferential,高分差动)LCD(liquidcrystaldisplay,液晶显示屏)LCOS:(LiquidCrystalOnSilicon硅上液晶)LED(lightemittingdiode,光学二级管)L-SAGIC(LowPower-SmallApertureG1wihtImpregnatedCathode,低电压光圈阴极管)LVD(LowVoltageDifferential,低分差动)LVDS:(LowVoltageDifferentialSignal低电压差动信号)MALS(MultiAstigmatismLensSystem,多重散光聚焦系统)MDA(MonochromeAdapter,单色设备)MS:(MagneticSensors磁场感应器)PorousTungsten(活性钨)RSDS:(ReducedSwingDifferentialSignal小幅度摆动差动信号)SC(ScreenCoatings,屏幕涂层)10SingleEnded(单终结)ShadowMask(阴罩式)TDT(TimeingDetectionTable,数据测定表)TICRG:(TungstenImpregnatedCathodeRayGun钨传输阴级射线枪)TFT(thinfilmtransistor,薄膜晶体管)UCC(UltraClearCoatings,超清晰涂层)VAGP:(VariableAperatureGrillePitch可变间距光栅)VBI:(VerticalBlankingInterval垂直空白间隙)VDT(VideoDisplayTerminals,视频显示终端)VRR:(VerticalRefreshRate垂直扫描频率)4、视频3D:(ThreeDimensional,三维)3DS(3DSubSystem,三维子系统)AE(AtmosphericEffects,雾化效果)AFR(AlternateFrameRendering,交替渲染技术)AnisotropicFiltering(各向异性过滤)APPE(AdvancedPacketParsingEngine,增强形帧解析引擎)AV(AnalogVideo,模拟视频)BackBuffer,后置缓冲Backfaceculling(隐面消除)BattleforEyeballs(眼球大战,各3D图形芯片公司为了争夺用户而作的竞争)11BilinearFiltering(双线性过滤)CEM(cubeenvironmentmapping,立方环境映射)CG(ComputerGraphics,计算机生成图像)Clipping(剪贴纹理)ClockSynthesizer,时钟合成器compressedtextures(压缩纹理)ConcurrentCommandEngine,协作命令引擎CenterProcessingUnitUtilization,中央处理器占用率DAC(DigitaltoAnalogConverter,数模传换器)Decal(印花法,用于生成DFP(DigitalFlatPanel,数DFS:(DynamicFlatShading动态平面描影,DirectionalLight,方向性光源DME:(DirectMemoryExecute直接内存执行)DOF(DepthofField,多重境dottextureblending(点型纹理DoubleBuffering(双DIR(DirectRenderingInfrastructure,基层直接渲染)DVI(DigitalVideoInterface,数DxR:(DynamicXTendedResolution动态可扩展分辨率)DXTC(DirectXTextureCompress,DirectX纹理压缩,以S3TC为基础)一些半透明效果,如:鲜血飞溅的场面)字式平面显示器)可用作加速Dithering抖动)深)混和)缓冲区)字视频接口)DynamicZ-buffering(动态Z轴缓冲区),显示物体远近,可用作远景E-DDC(EnhancedDisplayDataChannel,增强形视频数据通道协议,定义显了示输出与主系统之间的通讯通道,能提高显示输出的画面质量)12EdgeAnti-aliasing,边缘抗锯齿失真E-EDID(EnhancedExtendedIdentificationData,增强形扩充身份辨识数据,定义了电脑通讯视频主系统的数据格式)ExecuteBuffers,执行缓冲区environmentmappedbumpmapping(环境凹凸映射)ExtendedBurstTransactions,增强式突发处理FrontBuffer,前置缓冲Flat(平面描影)FramesrateisKing(帧数为王)FSAA(FullSceneAnti-aliasing,全景抗锯齿)Fog(雾化效果)flipdoublebuffered(反转双缓存)fogtablequality(雾化表画质)GART(GraphicAddressRemappngTable,图形地址重绘表)GouraudShading,高洛德描影,也称为内插法均匀涂色GPU(GraphicsProcessingUnit,图形处理器)GTF(GeneralizedTimingFormula,一般程序时间,定义了产生画面所需要的时间,包括了诸如画面刷新率等)HAL(HardwareAbstractionLayer,硬件抽像化hardwaremotioncompensation(硬件运动补偿)HDTV(highdefinitiontelevision,高层)清晰度电视)HEL:HardwareEmulationLayer(硬件模拟层)hightrianglecount(复杂三角形计数)ICD(InstallableClientDriver,可安装客户端驱动程序)13IDCT(InverseDiscreteCosineTransform,非连续反余弦变换,GeForce的DVD硬件强化技术)ImmediateMode,直接模式IPPR:(ImageProcessingandPatternRecognition图像处理和模式识别)largetextures(大型纹理)LF(LinearFiltering,线性过滤,即双线性过滤)lighting(光源)lightmap(光线映射)LocalPeripheralBus(局域边缘总线)mipmapping(MIP映射)Modulate(调制混合)MotionCompensation,动态补偿motionblur(模糊移动)MPPS:(MillionPixelsPerSecond,百素/秒)万个像Multi-ResolutionMesh,多重分辨率组合MultiThreadedBusMaster,多重主控Multitexture(多重纹理)nerestMipmap(邻近MIP映射,Overdraw(透支,partialtexturedownloads(并行纹理又叫点采样技术)全景渲染造成的浪费)传输)ParallelProcessingPerspectiveEngine(平行透视处理器)PC(PerspectiveCorrection,透视纠正)PGC(ParallelGraphicsConfiguration,并行图像设置)pixel(Pictureelement,图像元素,又称P像素,屏幕上的像素点)14pointlight(一般点光源)pointsampling(点采样技术,又叫邻近MIP映射)PrecisePixelInterpolation,精确像素插值Proceduraltextures(可编程纹理)RAMDAC(RandomAccessMemoryDigitaltoAnalogConverter,随机存储器数/模转换器)Reflectionmapping(反射贴图)ender(着色或渲染)S端子(Seperate)S3(Sight、Sound、Speed,视频、音频、速度)S3TC(S3TextureCompress,S3纹理S3TL(S3Transformation&Lighting,S3多边形转换ScreenBuffer(屏幕缓冲)压缩,仅支持S3显卡)和光源处理)SDTV(StandardDefinitionTelevision,标准清晰度电视)SEM(sphericalenvironmentmapping,球形环境映射)Shading,描影SinglePassMulti-Texturing,单通道多纹理SLI(ScanlineInterleave,扫描线间插,3Dfx的双Voodoo2配合技术)SmartFilter(智能过滤)softshadows(柔和阴影)softreflections(柔和反射)spotlight(小型点光源)SRA(SymmetricRenderingArchitecture,对称渲染架构)15StencilBuffers(模板缓冲)StreamProcessor(流线处理)SuperScalerRendering,超标量渲染TBFB(TileBasedFrameBuffer,碎片纹理帧缓存)texel(T像素,纹理上的像素点)TextureFidelity(纹理真实性)textureswapping(纹理交换)T&L(TransformandLighting,多边形转换与光源处理)T-Buffer(T缓冲,3dfxVoodoo4的特效,包括全景反锯齿Anti-Aliasing、动态模糊MotionBlur、焦点模糊DepthofFieldBlur、柔和阴影SoftShadows、柔和反射SoftReflections)Full-sceneTCA(TwinCacheArchitecture,双缓存Transparency(透明状效Transformation(三角形转换)TrilinearFiltering(三线性TextureModes,材质模式TMIPM:(TrilinearMIPMapping三次线性MIP材结构)果)过滤)质贴图)UMA(UnifiedMemoryArchitecture,统一内存架构)VisualizeGeometryEngine,可视化几何引擎VertexLighting(顶点光源)VerticalInterpolation(垂直调变)VIP(VideoInterfacePort,视频接口)ViRGE:(VideoandRenderingGraphicsEngine视频描写图形引擎)16Voxel(Volumepixels,立体像素,Novalogic的技术)VQTC(Vector-QuantizationTextureCompression,向量纹理压缩)VSIS(VideoSignalStandard,视频信号标准)v-sync(同步刷新)ZBuffer(Z缓存)5、音频3DPA(3DPositionalAudio,3D定位音频)AC(AudioCodec,音频多媒体数字信号编解码器)AuxiliaryInput(辅助输入接口)CS(ChannelSeparation,声道分离)DS3D(DirectSound3DStreams)DSD(DirectStreamDigital,直接数字信号流)DSL(DownLoadableSample,可下载的取样音色)DLS-2(DownloadableSoundsLevel2,第二代可下载音色)EAX(EnvironmentalAudioExtensions,环境音效扩展技术)ExtendedStereo(扩展式立体FM(FrequencyModulation,频FIR(finiteimpulseresponse,有限推进响应)FR(FrequenceResponse,频FSE(FrequencyShifterEffect,频声)率调制)率响应)率转换效果)17HRTF(HeadRelatedTransferFunction,头部关联传输功能)IID(InterauralIntensityDifference,两侧声音强度差别)IIR(infiniteimpulseresponse,无限推进响应)InteractiveAround-Sound(交互式环绕声)Interactive3DAudio(交互式3D音效)ITD(InterauralTimeDifference,两侧声音时间延迟差别)MIDI:(MusicalInstrumentDigitalInterface乐器数字接口)NDA:(RawPCM:(RawPulseCodeModulated元脉码调制)RMA:(RealMediaArchitecture实媒体架构)non-DWORD-aligned,非DWORD排列)RTSP:(RealTimeStreamingProtocol实时流协议)SACD(SuperAudioCD,超级音乐CD)SNR(SignaltoNoiseRatio,信噪比)S/PDIF(Sony/PhillipsDigitalInterface,索尼/飞利普数字接口)SRS:(SoundRetrievalSystem声音修复系统)SurroundSound(环绕立体声)SuperIntelligentSoundASIC(超级智能音频集成电路)THD+N(TotalHarmonicDistortionplusNoise,总谐波失真加噪音)QEM(QsoundEnvironmentalModeling,Qsound环境建模扬声器组)WG(WaveGuide,波导合成)WT(WaveTable,波表合成)186、RAM&ROMABP:(AddressBitPermuting,地址位序列改变)ATC(AccessTimefromClock,时钟存取时间)BSRAM(BurstpipelinedsynchronousstaticRAM,突发式管道同步静态存储器)CAS(ColumnAddressStrobe,列地址控制器)CCT(ClockCycleTime,时钟周期)DB:(DeepBuffer深度缓冲)DDRSDRAM(DoubleDateRate,双数据率SDRAM)DIL(dual-in-line)DIMM(DualIn-lineMemoryModules,双重内嵌式内存模块)DRAM(DynamicRandomAccessMemory,动态随机存储器)DRDRAM(DirectRAMbusDRAM,直接RAMbus内存)ECC(ErrorCheckingandCorrection,错误检查修正)EEPROM(ElectricallyErasableProgrammableROM,电擦写可编程只读存储器)FM:(FlashMemory快闪存储器)FMDROM(FluorescentMaterialReadOnlyMemory,荧光质只读存储器)PIROM:(ProcessorInformationROM,处理器信息ROM)PLEDM:Phase-stateLowElectron(hole)-numberDriveMemoryQBM(QuadBandMemory,四倍边带内存)RAC(RambusAsicCell,Rambus集成电路单元)19RAS(RowAddressStrobe,行地址控制器)RDRAM(RambusDirectRAM,直接型RambusRAM)RIMM(RAMBUSIn-lineMemoryModules,RAMBUS内嵌式内存模块)SDRSDRAM(SingleDateRate,单数据率SDRAM)SGRAM(synchronousgraphicsRAM,同步图形随机储存器)SO-DIMM(SmallOutlineDualIn-lineMemoryModules,小型双重内嵌式内存模块)SPD(SerialPresenceDetect,串行存在检查)SRAM(StaticRandomAccessMemory,静态随机存储器)SSTL-2(StubSeriesTerminatedLogic-2)TSOPs(thinsmalloutlinepackages,超小型USWV(Uncacheable,Speculative,Write-Combining非缓冲随机VCMA(VirtualChannelMemoryarchitecture,虚拟通道内存封装)混合写入)结构)磁盘AAT(Averageaccesstime,平均存取时间)ABS(AutoBalanceSystem,自动平衡系统)ASMO(AdvancedStorageMagneto-Optical,增强形AST(AverageSeektime,平均寻道时间)ATA(ATAttachment,AT扩展型)光学存储器)ATOMM(AdvancedsuperThin-layerandhigh-OutputMetalMedia,增强形超薄高速金属媒体)20bps(bitpersecond,位/秒)CAM(CommonAccessModel,公共存取模型)CSS(CommonCommandSet,通用指令集)DMA(DirectMemoryAccess,直接内存存取)DVD(DigitalVideoDisk,数字视频光盘)EIDE(enhancedIntegratedDriveElectronics,增强形电子集成驱动器)FAT(FileAllocationTables,文件分配表)FDBM(Fluiddynamicbearingmotors,液态轴承马达)FDC(FloppyDiskController,软盘驱动器控制装置)FDD(FloppyDiskDriver,软盘驱动器)GMR(giantmagnetoresistive,巨型磁阻)HDA(headdiskassembly,磁头集合)HiFD(high-capacityfloppydisk,高容量软盘)IDE(IntegratedDriveElectronics,电子集成驱动器)LBA(LogicalBlockAddressing,逻辑块寻址)MBR(MasterBootRecord,主引导记录)MTBF(MeanTimeBeforeFailure,平均故障时间)PIO(ProgrammedInputOutput,可编程输入输出模式)PRML(PartialResponseMaximumLikelihood,最大可能部分反应,用于提高磁盘读写传输率)RPM(RotationPerMinute,转/分)21RSD:(RemovableStorageDevice移动式存储设备)SCSI(SmallComputerSystemInterface,小型计算机系统接口)SCMA:(SCSIConfiguredAutoMagically,SCSI自动配置)S.M.A.R.T.(Self-Monitoring,AnalysisandReportingTechnology,自动监测、分析和报告技术)SPS(ShockProtectionSystem,抗震保护系统)STA(SCSITradeAssociation,SCSI同业公会)UltraDMA(UltraDirectMemoryAccess,超高速直接内存存取)LVD(LowVoltageDifferential)Seagate硬盘技术DiscWizard(磁盘控制软件)DST(DriveSelfTest,磁盘自检程序)SeaShield(防静电防撞击外壳)光驱ATAPI(ATAttachmentPacketInterface)BCF(BootCatalogFile,启动BIF(BootImageFile,启动CDR(CDRecordable,可记录光盘)目录文件)映像文件)CD-ROM/XA(CD-ROMeXtendedArchitecture,唯读光盘增强形架构)CDRW(CD-Rewritable,可重复刻录光盘)CLV(ConstantLinearVelocity,恒定线速度)22DAE(digitalAudioExtraction,数据音频抓取)DDSS(DoubleDynamicSuspensionSystem,双悬浮动态减震系统)DDSSII(DoubleDynamicSuspensionSystemII,第二代双层动力悬吊系统)PCAV(PartConstantAngularVelocity,部分恒定角速度)VCD(VideoCD,视频CD)打印机AAS(AutomaticAreaSeagment?)dpi(dotperinch,每英寸的打印像素)ECP(ExtendedCapabilitiesPort,延长能力端口)EPP(EnhancedParallelPort,增强形平行接口)IPP(InternetPrintingProtocol,因特网打印协议)ppm(paperperminute,页/分)SPP(StandardParallelPort,标准并行口)TET(TextEnhancedTechnology,文本增强技术)USBDCDPD(UniversalSerialBusDeviceClassDefinitionforPrintingDevices,打印设备的通用串行总线级标准)VD(VariableDot,变点式列印)扫描仪TWAIN(ToolkitWithoutAnInterestingName)协议data数据23dataprocessing数据处理digitalcomputer数字计算机disc,disk磁盘displayunit显示装置drum磁鼓emitter发射器toencode编码toerase擦除,清洗,抹除feed馈送,供给tofeed馈送,供给field字段,信息组,域floppydisk软磁盘flowchart流程图hardware硬件24计算机相关术语字典Dictionaries堆Heap优先级队列Priorityqueue矩阵乘法Matrixmultiplication贪心算法Greedyalgorithm上界/下界Upperbound/Lowerbound最好情况/最坏情况/平均情况Bestcase/WorstCase/Averagecase插入排序Insertionsort合并排序Mergesort堆排序Heapsort快速排序Quicksort动态规划DP(DynamicProgramming)背包问题Knapsackproblem霍夫曼编码HuffmanCoding迪杰斯特拉算法Dijkstra’salgorithm贝尔曼-福德算法Bellman-Fordalgorithm弗洛伊德算法Floyd-Warshallalgorithm回溯Back-TrackingN皇后问题N-Queenproblem25渐进增长Asymptoticgrowth(包含O-notationΩ-notationΘ-notation)线性规划Linearprogramming随机数生成RandomnumbergenerationGeneratinggraphs-多项式算法GraphProblems–polynomialalgorithmConnectedcomponents图的生成图论连通分支最小生成树MinimumSpanningTree最短路径ShortestpathNP问题Non-DeterministicPolynomialproblem旅行商问题Travelingsalesmanproblem同构Graphisomorphism压缩Textcompression最长公共子串LongestCommonSubstring最短公共父串ShortestCommonSuperstring收敛速度Rateofconvergence26计算机英语词汇复习1.abort异常中止,(异常)终止[结束],放弃2.abstraction:抽象3.AC(alternatingcurrent):交流电4.access:存取5.accessarm:存取臂6.accessarm磁头臂,存取臂7.accessdenied访问被拒绝..8.accesstime存取时间Haveaccessto有权访问accessdenied访问被拒绝9.account:银行户头10.acronym:首字词11.activedrive=thedriveinwhichyouarecurrentlyusing.活动驱动器;当前驱动器12.activedrive活动驱动器13.activewindow=thewindowinwhichyouarecurrentlyworking.当前活动窗口14.activewindowsn.[计]活动窗口15.actuationarm:存取臂16.adapter:适配器17.adder加法器18.address地址19.addressv.寻址20.addressspace地址空间;[位址空格]=Thecompleterangeofaddressesthatisavailabletoaprogrammer.程序员可用的整个地址范围。21.address-bus:地址总线22.allocation分配,指定,存储单元分配,地址分配23.alpha-numeric字母数字的24.amplifier放大器;Amplifyv.=enlarge功放器Loudspeaker喇叭25.analog:模拟量26.analogcomputer模拟计算机27.analyst分析员28.animation:动画,动画片29.anti-virus反病毒anti-virusprogram反病毒程序Iprefertheanti-virussoftware,Norton.30.applicationprogram:应用程序2731.applicationprogram=acomputerprogramdesignedtohelpyouperformtaskssuchaswritingareport.Alsocalledapplication.应用程序32.Archive文档file/documentFilename文件名Name.extensionname文件名.扩展名AAA.exeExe=executable可执行的(文件)33.area34.arithmeticandlogicunit(ALU):算术35.array,阵列区域/逻辑部件(运算器)数组36.ASCII:=AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange美国信息互换标准代码37.assembler汇编程序38.assemblinglanguage汇编语言Assemblingline生产(组装)线debug39.audio:声频;音频Video视频Audio-out音频输出Audio-in音频输入40.automation自动化41.auxiliaryport:辅助端口(AUX端口42.auxiliarystorage(=externalstorageorsecondarystorage):辅助存储器43.averageaccesstime平均访问[存取]时间)44.backingup=tomakeacopyofyourdatathatcanbeusedincasetheoriginaldataisaccidentallydamagedorlost.备份45.backupmedia=Thestoragemediaonwhichyoustorethebackedupdata.后备媒体46.band区;waveband波段47.bandwidth带宽48.barograph气压记录仪49.barometer气压表Water-meter水表Gas-meter气表Electricity-meter电表Thermo-meter温度计50.BASIC=Beginner'sAll-purposeSymbolicInstructionCode,初学者通用符号指令码,BASIC语言51.batchfile=afilethatcontainsaseriesofcommandsthatMSDOScarriesoutsequentially.批处理文件e.g.Autoexec.bat52.batchprocessing成批处理53.baud波特54.binarycode二进制码55.binarydigit二进制位,二进制数字2856.BIOS=BasicInput/OutputSystem,基本输入/输出系统CMOSn.[计]互补金属氧化物半导体57.bit比特58.bit:位59.bit比特,二进制的一位60.bootup:引导,启动Reboot重新启动61.=BootstrapProtocolBOOTP自举协议IP=InternetProtocol=IP协议62.branch分支,支线63.browse浏览64.brush电刷Refresh刷新65.bubblejetprinter:喷墨打印机Jetplane喷气式飞机66.bufferstorage缓冲存储器67.bus:总线68.byte:字节69.Byte=ameasurementofinformationstoredonadisk.Onebyteisequaltoapproximatelyonecharacter.字节KB=kilobyte千字节1024byte=1KB1024KB=1MB=1megabyte1兆1024MB=1GB=1gigabyte=Aunitofinformationequaltoonebillion(109)bytes.千兆字节:与十亿(109)字节相等的一个信息单元1024GB=1TB70.cabinet:机壳71.cabinet:机箱72.cable:电缆73.cache高速缓存74.CAD=ComputerAidedDesign计算机辅助设计75.CAI=Computer-AssistedInstruction,计算机辅助教学76.calculator计算器77.callinstruction呼叫指令78.capacity容量79.cardpunch卡片穿孔机80.cardreader卡片阅读机,读卡机81.carriagereturn:回车82.=changedirectoryCD进入目录(DOS命令)CDWin98=进入win98目录83.CD=(CompactDisc)CD光盘84.CD-ROMdrive:光盘驱动器29ROM=ReadOnlyMemory只读存储器DVD-ROMDVD光驱DVD-RWDVD刻录机CD-RCD刻录碟CD-RW可以重新刻录的CD碟RW=rewritable可重写的85.CD-ROMdrive光驱86.CD-ROM只读光盘87.cell单元/细胞=MobilePhone移动电话Cellphone手机88.centralprocessingunit(=CPU):中央处理器89.=ColorGraphicsAdapterCGA彩色图形适配器90.channel通道,信道;频道;海峡;TheMovieChannel电影频道91.characterkey:字母键92.character字符Chinesecharacter汉字93.checkdigit校验数位94.chipcircuitry:芯片电路95.chip:芯片96.circuit电路,线路IntegratedCircuit集成电路DigitalCircuit数字电路AnalogCircuit模拟电路97.ComplexInstructionSetComputerCISC=复杂指令集计算机98.clickmouse点击鼠标double-clickmouse双击鼠标Clicktheleftbuttonofthemousedouble-clicktheleftbuttonofthemouse99.clock时钟100.cn.=域名China101.=CommonBusinessOrientedLanguageCOBOL面向商务的通用语言102.codesequence:代码序列103.code代码;v.编码Decode解码Postcode=zipcode104.coder编码员,编码器TheCivilCode民法TheCivilWar内战105.coldboot冷启动106.com=Commercialorganizations,商业组织,公司Edu.=education107.commandprocessor:命令处理程序108.command指令,命令30CIO.sysMS-XP-UnixDOS=109.compactdisk:光盘;密集盘111.compatible:兼容的;incompatible不兼容的113.compile:编译114.compiler编译程序115.component:部件,元件ThemajorcomponentsofaPCElectroniccomponents电子元件Part配件,部件carparts116.compression压缩Compressor压缩机117.computerlanguage计算机语言118.computervirus:计算机病毒119.computer-based基于电脑的120.confidentiality保密性Confidential机密的,保密的ThePhonenumberofourboss’sisconfidential.121.configuration:配置,设置122.configuration=thewaythehardwareandsoftwareofacomputerissetupororganized.(参数)设置;配置123.configurev.配置124.confirm确认125.console控制台126.continue继续127.contrast:对比度Bright亮度128.controlunit控制部件,控制器129.control-bus:控制总线130.conventionalmemory:常规内存131.conventionalmemory=Thefirst640Kofmemoryinstalledoneverycomputer.Itisusedforrunningtheoperatingsystemandapplicationprogramsandforstoringdata.n.[计]常规内存132.convergence:聚集133.=copy+electroncopy-tron电子复写技术134.corestorage,corestore磁心存储器135.counter计数器136.CentralProcessingUnitCPU31137.CRT(Cathode-RayTube)display:阴级射线管显示器Monitor监视器LED=发光二级管(light-emittingdiode)LCD=LiquidCriticalDisplay液晶显示、显示器屏138.currentdirectory=thedirectoryinwhichPCDOSiscurrentlyworking.当前目录Dir=directoryDOS=DiskOperatingSystem磁盘操作系统DOSmode=DOS模式Dir查看目录下的文件Win98>dir139.cursor=amarkerindicatingwheretextwillappearwhenyoutype.光标;指针140.cybernetics控制论Cyber-=ofcomputerCyber-chat[计]发生在计算机时空(Cyberspace)的交谈141.cycle循环142.cylinder:柱面143.cylinderapproach:柱面操作方式144.data:数据(pl.)=datum(singular)145.databus:数据总线146.datacompression=theprocessofreducingthenumberofbytesrequiredtorepresentdatasothatthedataconsumeslessdiskspace数据压缩147.dataprocessing数据处理148.datawidth:数据宽度149.data数据150.=DatabaseManagementSystemDBMS数据库管理系统151.debugging调试Debug汇编语言的一个指令152.decision制定153.decode解码;翻译;解释154.decoder:译码器155.defaultcode:缺省代码;默认代码156.defaultvalue缺省值;默认值157.defrag-mentn.【WIN】整理碎片;[计]磁盘碎片整理程序158.delete删除=erase;undelete反删除;即,恢复,还原159.desktop=thebackgroundonthescreen,onwhichwindows,icons,anddialogboxesappear.桌面;台式电脑160.desktopComputerLap-top手提电脑destination:终点,目的地Destinationdisk目标盘32Resourcesdisk资源盘CopyC:\aaa.batd:\123161.detect探测162.devicedriver:设备驱动程序163.device:装置164.device-dependent:依赖于设备的165.device-driver=aspecialprogramfilethatprovidesinstructionsforcontrollingahardwaredevice.设备驱动程序166.dialogbox:对话框167.digit数字,数位,位168.digital:数字的Digitalcamera数码相机PCCamera摄像头Digitalwatch电子表169.digitalcomputer数字计算机170.digitalTV:数字电视171.directoryDIR=文件夹;目录172.directorytree=adiagramshowingtheorganizationofdirectoriesandfilesonadisk.目录树173.disc,disk磁盘Harddrive=harddiskFloppy软磁盘CD-ROM光驱USB=UniversalSerialBus,Intel公司开发的通用串行总线架构174.diskhead(=headorread/writehead)读/写头175.DiskOperatingSystem-MS-DOS176.diskette:软盘177.diskettedrive:软驱178.displayscreen(ormonitor):显示器179.displaytube:显像管180.displayunit显示装置181.domainnamecn.Edu.GB.com域名126.edu:Educationalinstitutions,教研机构182.DOSPrompt:DOS提示符183.=DOSDiskOperatingSystem184.doubledensity:倍密度185.draggingmouse拖动鼠标186.drive:驱动器187.drum磁鼓188.editmenu编辑菜单189.edu:Educationalinstitutions,教研机构33190.EISA=(ExtendedIndustryStandardArchitecture):扩展工业标准结构191.electronics电子学192.=ElectronicmailE-mailE-commerce电子商务E-paln.网友193.emitter发射器194.enhancedmode:增强模式195.executablefiles可执行文件196.executev.执行197.exit退出;出口198.expandedmemoryn.扩充内存199.expansionbus:扩展总线200.extended-density:扩展密度201.extension:扩展名;电话分机号202.extension=athree-lettersuffixaddedtoafilenamethatdescribesthefile’scontents.n.扩展名203.externalspeed:外部速度204.fan-in扇入205.fan-out扇出206.fax-modem(ormodem):调制解调器XMODEM一种文件传输协议207.feed馈送,供给208.feed-back反馈209.feedback反馈210.femaleconnector母的连接插座;maleconnector公的连接头211.field字段,信息组,域212.fileattribute=atermreferringtofourhidden,read-only,archive,orsystem.classificationsofDOSfiles文件属性213.filemanager:文件管理器214.filespecification.=anabbreviationforfilespecification.Thecompletenameandpathtoafilestoredonadisk.文件详细说明;完整的文件名215.file文件216.file-based基于文件的217.firewall防火墙218.fit-fall子程序入口219.flag标志220.floppydiskdrive软磁盘机221.floppydisk软磁盘222.flowchart流程图Barchart柱状图Piechart饼状图Curvechart曲线图223.font:字体224.format:格式化34225.frame帧226.front-user前端用户227.=FileTransferProtocolFTP文件传输协议228.function功能;函数229.functionkey:功能键230.Functionkeys=specialcommandkeysonyourkeyboardthathavetheletterFfollowedbyanumber.功能键231.=TheGreatBritaingb232.generate:产生,建立generator发电机233.GB=gigabyte:千兆字节,吉字节235.gov:Governmentalentities,政府部门236.GraphicalUserInterface(GUI):用户图形接口237.Graphicaluserinterface=avisualinterfacethatcombinesgraphics,menus,andcommandsthatyouusetocommunicatewithyourcomputer.图形用户界面238.graphics:图

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