2023年中考英语专项突破-阅读理解、任务型阅读

中考英语专项突破---阅读理解、任务型阅读一、阅读理解1.Trafficlightsarered,yellowandgreen.TheyareveryimportantSignals（信号）.Trafficlightsareusuallyplacedatbusystreetcornerstohelpcontroltraffic.Sometimes,theyareonstreetsnearschoolsandshops,too.Mostyoungchildrenaretaughtwhateachofthecolouredlightsmeans,soeverybodycanstaysafe.Thefirsttrafficsignalswereusedfortrains.Thesignalswereputalongsiderailwaytracks（轨道）.ThecolourredWasusedtomean"stop"becauseitwarnedpeopleofdanger.Aredlightwasalsotheeasiestcolourtoseefromadistance.Traindriverscouldseethered"stop"lightaheadandhadenoughtimetoslowdownandstoptheirtrains.Agreenlightwasusedtomean"takecare"andawhitelightmeant"go".However,thereweremanydangerousaccidentsonthetraintracks.Sometraindriversthoughtastarshininginthenightskywasawhitelightthatmeant"go".Sothesignalswereswapped.The"go"lightwaschangedtogreenandthe"takecare"lightwaschangedtowhite.Duringthesetimes,peopletravelledbytrainorincartspulledbyhorses.Yearslater,whencarswerebuilt,peoplebegantodrivethembecausetheycouldtravelmuchfasterthanhorses.However,theroadrulesfordriverswerenotveryclearandmanypeoplewerehurtcrossingtheroads.Yellowwarningsignshadtobeplacedbesidetheroadstoreminddriverstotakecareandallowpeopletocrosssafely.Today,townsandcitiesallovertheworldhavetrafficlights.Redandgreenlightsmatchthesignalsusedontherailways.Yellowlightsareeasytosee,sotheyareusedtowarndriversthattheyshouldslowclownandpreparetostop.Whywasthecolorredusedtomean"stop"?A.Itremindedpeopleoftrafficrules.B.Ithelpedtrainsrunsmoothly.C.Itgavepeopleawarningofdanger.D.Itwasthefirstcolorpeoplethoughtof.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"swapped"inParagraph3mean?A.designedB.exchangedC.suggestedD.comparedInwhichorderdidthe"takecare"lightdevelop?Awhitelight.Agreenlight.Ayellowlight.A.a-c-bB.b-c-aC.a-bcD.b-a-cWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theadvantagesoftrafficlights. B.Thehistoryoftrafficlights.C.Theimportanceoftrafficlights. D.Themeaningsoftrafficlights.2.Gesture（手势）cultureIwastakingaphotoofmyChinesefriend.Suddenlysheputtwofiguresupatme."Whyareyoudoingthat?"Ishouted.IttookalongtimebeforesherealizedwhyIwasupset.Showingsomeonetwofingersmeans"cheese"tothecamera.ItisnotharmfulinChina,butinfactitisveryrudeintheUK.Languagedifferencemaynotononlycomefromgrammarandsounds,becauseitmeansgesturestoo.Perhapsyoushouldknowthatwavingonehandacrossyourfacemeans"youarecrazy"inGermany.However,tappingonefingeronthesideofyourheadshowsthesamemeaningintheUK.Ifyoudon'tunderstandthemeaningsofthegesturesclearlyindifferentcountries,youmaymakebigmistakes!TheideaofgesturemistranslationissocommonthattheHSBCevenuseditinanadvertisement.AmantravelsaroundSouthAmerica.Heusesthesignofathumbandaforefingermadeintoacircletomean"that'sOK".Soeveryonelooksexcitedandsmilesback.ThenheshowsthesamegesturetoamaninBrazil,andeveryonefallssilent,becausethisissorudetoaman.Therefore,understandingdifferentculturesandgesturescanhelpyouavoidmanymistakesindailylife.1.Showingsomeonetwofingersis intheUK.A.rude B.excitedC.politeD.Funny.Accordingtothepassage,languagedifferenceincludesgrammar,soundsand .A.feelingsB.moodsC.gesturesD.Ideas.WhatdoestappingonefingeronthesideofyourheadmeanintheUK?A.Youarecrazy.B.That'sOK.C.You'renude.D.Itisharmful.4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?Thesamegesturehasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.Thetraditionofgesturelanguages.Theunderstandingofgesturelanguages.nBritain,somepeoplesaytheywilldoanythingifafamouspersontheyloveasksthemto.OneinthreepeopleinBritainhaveanewkindofdisease—theyloveafamouspersontoomuch.SomepeoplelovefamousstarslikeBritneySpears,DavidBeckhamorevenTonyBlair.Itisnotjusttheyoung,grown-upshavethesameproblem.Oneinfourpeoplearesointerestedintheirheroesthatitaffectstheirlife.Therearetwowaysofworshippingfamouspeople.Onewayisjusttofollowthemortalkaboutthemwithfriendsforfun.Theotherisamoreseriousway.Peoplehaveverystrongfeelingsforthemandthinktheyaretheirfriends.Peoplewhodosoforfunarefoundtobehappier.Butthosewhohavestrongfeelingsforafamouspersonareperhapstofeelmorelonelyandworried."Worshippingfamouspeopleisnotcertainlyabadthing,"Dr.John,anexpertsaid."Butlikemanythings,overdoingitmaynotalwaysbegoodforyou.".FromParagraph1,weknow .theyarefriendsofthefamouspeoplesomepeopleinBritainloveafamouspersontoomuchtheymustgotothehospitalfamouspeoplecanpaythemalotofmoney.HowmanypeopleinBritainhavegotthiskindofdisease?A.Aboutonethird. B.Aboutaquarter.C.Morethanhalf. D.Justtwoorthree..Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthetwowaysofworshippingfamouspeople?Neitherofthemisgood.Bothofthemaregood.Thefirstoneisbetter.Thesecondoneisbetter..Peoplewhohavestrongfeelingsforafamouspersonoftenfeelworriedbecause .theycannotbecomefamousthemselvestheythinkthefamouspersonmaybeintroubletheyareafraidthefamouspersonmaynotlikethemtheycangetsomethinginreturnfromthefamousperson5.Thepassagetellsus .wemustn'tworshipanybodyworshippingoffamouspeopleisagoodthingfamouspeoplearenotalwaysfriendlytousanythingoverdonemaybringsometrouble4.Michealwasagoodboy.Hewashard-workingbutshy,sohehadnofriendsatschool.Jameswasanewstudentinhisclass.OtherstudentssoongotonwellwithhimexceptMicheal.Oneday,someboysputsomemoneyintoMicheal'sbagandoneofthemPretended（假装）tohavelosthismoney.Ofcourse,theyfoundthemoneyinMicheal'sbagatlast.Michealfeltitshameful,buthecouldnotsayanythingaboutit.Soonhisclassmatescalledhimathiefandlaughedathimatschool.Histeachersalsobelievedhestolethemoneyandcalledhisparentstotheschool.Justthen,JamesstoodoutandhelpedMichealmakeeverythingclear.Fromthatdayon,MichealandJamesbecamegoodfriends.JamesoftentookMichealtotakepartinactivitiesandMichealbecameactive.MichealoftenhelpedJameswithhismath.ThenMichealgotmorefriends,andheevenbecamethemonitorinhisclass.Michealhadnofriendsatschoolbecause.A.hewasanewstudentB.hecouldn'tgetonwellwithJamesC.hewasshy D.heworkedveryhardTheunderlinedword"shameful"means""inChinese.A.害怕的B.高兴的C.伤心的D.可耻的Atlast,Micheal'sclassmatesknewMichealwasnotathiefwiththehelpof .A.JamesB.someboysC.histeacherD.hisparentsJamesmaynotbegoodat.A.musicB.mathC.scienceD.EnglishWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?TheclassmateswereangrywithJames.Michealwasstillveryshy.Jameswasagoodmonitor.Finally,Michealcouldgetonwellwithhisclassmates.5.FrankandhisbrotherJacklivedneartheocean.FrankwasoutgoingwhileJackwasshy.Theylikeddoingdifferentthings.Frankwasfamousfororganizinggamesofbeachvolleyball,football,andanyothersportimaginable.Jackpreferredtodraw,paint,orbuildSandcastles（沙堡）.Frankdidn'tunderstandwhyJackwouldratherdoartisticthingsthanplayballgames.Hebelievedsportsoftenallowedmanykidstoplaytogether.ThatwaswhenJack'sideahatched.HewouldshowFrankwhatdoingthingstogetherlookedlike!AfterJackfinishedcreatingaspecialsandcastlewithstairs,towersandwalls,hetookpicturesofit.Thenhepaintedcolorfulpostersfeaturing（突出）hissandcastleandthequestion,“Canyoutopthis?"Hehunghisposterseverywhereintown,announcinghisplanforadayofsandcastleartistry—allageswelcome.WhenFranksawaposter,henotsonicelytoldJackthatnoonewouldcome.Still,shortlyaftersunriseonSaturday,Jackwasonthebeachdigginginthesand.Bymid-moming,fourkidswere$。口1口士也8（雕塑）thesandalongsidehim.Bynoonthenumberhadincreasedalot.AfterFrankcamebackfromhisballgame,hewenttocheckhowhisbrother'splanturnedout.Hecouldn'tbelievewhathesaw.Atleast30peoplewerebuildingacityofsandcastles,andeveryonewaschattingandlaughingandworkingtogether!Itwasthemostbeautifulthinghehadseenonthebeach."Iguessyou'veprovedmewrong,"Franksaid."Youshouldmakethissandcastledayayearlytradition!"HandingFrankaShoVel（铲子）withasmile,Jackgotstartedtogetherwithhisbrotherontheirsupercreationinthesand..Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hatched"inParagraph2probablymeaninChinese?A.产生B.改变C.消失D.中断.WhathelpedpeopleknowaboutJack'splan?A.Beautifultowers. B.Colorfulposters.C.Atownbuilding. D.Asandcastleday..WhenlearningaboutJack'splan,Frankwas .A.doubtfulB.interestedC.satisfiedD.nerVous.WhatcanweknowaboutJack'sidea?Itcamefromapicture.Itneeded30people'ssupportItproVedFrankright.Itdidworkwell..WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJack?A.Honest.B.CreatiVe.C.Outgoing.D.Caring.6.Morethan1,000schoolsacrosstheUKhavesignedup（报名）toaprojectwiththeaimofhelpingschoolsbecomecarbonneutral（碳平衡的）by2030.Carbonneutralmeanscuttingdowncarbonemissions（碳排放）tozeroorbalancingthemoutinotherways.Carbonemissionsaregasessuchascarbondioxide（CO2）thatcomeoutintotheatmosphere,wheretheymakeclimatechangeworse.Thishasalsocausedthetemperaturerise.Emissionsarecausedbyallsortsofhumanactivities,suchasburningfossilfuels(coal,oilandgas)tomakeenergy,cuttingdownforestsandsometypesoffarming.Becomingcarbonneutralincludescuttingtheamountofcarbonemissionsaschoolproducesandbalancingthosethatareleftbytakingsomecarbonoutoftheatmosphere.Theprojectalsoshowshowsmallchangescanmakeabigdifference.Thesemightincludethinkingcarefullyaboutenergyuse,cuttingwaste,growingfoodclosertowhereit'seatenandwalkingorcyclingtoschoolifitispossible.WaysofbalancingoutthecarbonemissionsthataschoolstillmakesincludeplantingtreesandplantsthattakeinCO2astheygrow.YsgolBroDinefwrSecondarySchoolinWaleshaspromisedtorunentirelyonrenewable(可再生的)energy(suchaswindandsolarPower)Withinthenextthreeyears.AtDownHighSchoolinNorthernIreland,thestudentsarelookingaftertheirownbees.Sowhenflowersandcropsproducefood,thathelps.Otherschoolshaveprojectstocutfoodwastebyweighingitaftereachmealtoknowhowmuchisnotbeingeaten.Someputthewasteintoasystemthatcanturnthiswasteintousefulthings.Theywillbeputonthegardentohelpplantsgrow.Climatechangeisseenasamajorglobalchallenge.Wecanseeitallaroundus.Sojointogether,findoutwaysyourschoolcanputeffortsto,andtalktoateacheraboutsigningup..Whichstatementwouldtheauthormostprobablyagreewith?Humanactivitiesinfluencetheenvironment.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsucceed.MoreUKschoolsshouldbeintroducedtotheworld.Wecoulddealwiththeclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehavior..Howcouldtheschoolsreducecarbonemissions?Bymovingtothecountryside.Bycuttingwasteandplantingtrees.Byprovidingmorespacesforstudents.Byburningcoalinsteadofgastomakeenergy..Whydoestheauthorgiveexamplesoftheschoolsinparagraph4?Topraisetheseschools.Toshowthedifficultiesintheproject.Tocallformoreschoolstotakeaction.Toexplaintheeffortsmadebythegovernment..Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?HowtoHelpPlantsGrowSchoolsSignUptoHelpthePlanetCarbonEmissionsintheUKSchoolsOurPlanet,aWonderfulLivingPlace二、任务型阅读.Melbourneisfamousforacceptingdifferentcultures.Peoplefromdifferentcountriessharetheirculturesinthiscity.DuringLanternFestival,therewasahugecelebrationintheChinesecommunity.AsIarrivedthere,agreatnumberofStans（摊位）hadopened.Toattractpeople'sattention,lotsofstallownersofferfreeservicestothepublic.Forexample,acompanytookoldpeople'sbloodpressureforfreeandgavetipstokeepfit.Sotherewasalongqueueinfrontofthestall.Andsomeotherownersheldactivitieslikealottery（彩票）andprizestoattractpeople.ButthemostimportantpartofaChinesecelebrationisthefood.Ifoundalmosteverytypeoffood,suchasspringrolls,sweetpotatoesandlambskewers（羊肉串）.Lotsofpeopleenjoyedthetastyfood.Besidesthefood,thereweremanywonderfulshowsonthestage.BandssangtraditionalChinesesongs,itneverfeltstrangetome.Atmidnight,dragonandliondancingbegan.Dancerscontrolledthedragonsandlionstojumpupanddownandfollowtheballaheadofthem.Thecrowdcheeredandrushedtotakephotos.Suddenly,someonesetofffirecrackers（鞭炮）.WhatanamazingLanternFestival!It'sverydifferenttoexperienceChineseLanternFestivalabroad.However,thefestivalcarriedChinesepeople'slovebacktotheirfamiliesandhometown.Itisoneofthemostwell-knownfestivalsintheworld.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。.WhendidpeoplehavethehugecelebrationinMelbourne?.Howdomanystallownersattractpeople'sattention?.WhatisthemostimportantpartoftheChinesecelebration?.Whatcouldpeopleseebesidesthefood?.WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheChineseLanternFestivalabroad?2.IfyouwanttotrulyseeandexperiencetheGreatWall,notjustcheckitoffthesightseeinglist.Thisisthebestwaytodoit.Tim,yourFrench-English-Chinese-German-Italianspeakingguide,speakswithyoubeforehand（提前）togetagoodunderstandingofWhatyou'dliketodoandthenplansthehikecarefully.Asforus,wespokefor20minutesthroughSkypebeforemytripandthehike,andthenheadvisedustostartfromthebottomofthestairwaytotheMutianyusection,withanovernightonthewall.Itwasperfect!TheGreatWallisamazing,thesightsaroundthemountainarefantasticandthehikeitselfwasabitdifficult.TimknowsalotabouttheGreatWall'shistory,constructiondetailsandChina.Heisanexperiencedhiker,soIfeltIwasverylucky.TimhasalsolivedinBeijingforseveralyears,sohewasabletogivesomegreatsuggestionsonfood,sights,etc.fortherestofmystay.ThiswasexactlythewayIhadhopedtoseetheGreatWallforthefirsttime.Nocrowdsoftourists.Nooneaskedmetobuythingsorfood.Nobiggrouptour.JustafewpeoplewentforawalkalongtheGreatWallofChina.Perfect!根据短文内容，回答下列问题。.HowmanylanguagescanTimspeakasaguide?.Wheredidtheguideadvisethevisitorstospendthenight?.WhatdoesthewriterthinkofTimaccordingtothepassage?.HowdidthewriterhopetovisittheGreatWall?.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?3."Justbecauseyoucan'tseesomething,thatdoesn'tmeanit'snotthere."ThisoldsayingisquitemeaningfulforBritishScUlptor（雕刻⅛）WillardTheitemshecreatesaresosmallthatmostofthemfitontheheadofapin.Youcanseethemclearlyonlythroughamicroscope（显微镜）.Manypeoplewanttoownhisartpieces.He'sbeenhonouredbytheQueenofEnglandforhisgreatartachievements.Ateveryoneofhisexhibitions,thequestionisalwaysthesame:Howdoeshedoit?Theanswerisvery,verycarefully.Socarefully,infact,thatheactuallyslowshisbreathingdownandworksinbetweenbreaths.Willardusuallyworksunderamicroscopeusingspecialtoolsthathecreates.Topainthisworks,heusesthehairfromaflyasapaintbrush.Creatingthesedetailedworksisaverylonganddifficultprocess,anditisn'talwaysenjoyable."ItisaterribledreamwhenIstartbutanicedreamwhenIfinish,"hesays.Asingleitemcantakeatleastseveralweekstocomplete.PeoplehaveaskedWillardwhyhechosetodosomethingthatneededeffortandtooktime.Hisinterestincreatingsmallthingsbeganwhenhewasfive.Hestartedcreatinghousesandplaygroundsforants.Willardwasnotastrongstudent.Hehaddifficultyinreadingandspellingwords.Somekidsusedtocallhimaloser.Thismadehimfeelsmall,sofocusingonlittlethingshelpedhimtofeelbig.Thesmallerhisworkgot,thebiggerhefelt.Anewspaperreportersaid,"Willardhasshowntheworldthatheisspecial.Though ,he .".AreWillard'sartpiecesbigorsmallinsize?.WhenpeoplevisitWillard'sexhibitions,whatquestiondotheyalwaysask?.WhatdoesWillardusetomakeapaintbrush?.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph4referto?.WhydidWillardchoosetodosomethingthatneededeffortandtooktime?.Whatcanbefilledintheblanksinthelastparagraph?4.Roadaccidentskeephappeningineverycity,oneveryroadandatanytime.Trafficrulesaremadetokeeporderontheroad.TheycanalsohelptokeepthePedestrians（行人）safe.Thepedestrianhasasmanyrulestofollowasthedriverofacar.Youshouldwalkonthesidewalkorattheedgeoftheroad.Alwayslookcarefullybeforeyouwalkacrossthestreet.Ifyourideabike,don'trideinthemiddleoftheroadorlookaroundtotalk.Ifyoudrive,youshouldslowdownatthetrafficlights.Youmustalwayswearaseatbelt（安全带）.Withoutthebelts,boththedriverandthepassengersmaybebadlyhurtinasuddenaccident.TrafficrulesarealsocalledRoadSafetyRules.Themaxim（格言）forallroadusersis"Thinkingaboutothers.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。Whydopeoplemaketrafficrules?Doesa pedestrianhavemanyrulesto follow?Ifyou rideabikeontheroad,what shouldyounot doaccordingtothepassage?Whatwillhappenifyoudon'tweara seatbelt when youdrive?What's therealmeaningofthemaxim "Thinking aboutothers."?Manymanyyearsago,firesweremadefromlightening.Butpeoplehadtokeepthefireburning.Becausetheyweren'tabletostartitagainwithoutlightening.Later,peoplediscoveredthattwopiecesofstonehittingtogethercouldmakeaspark（火花）anditcouldfiredryleaves.Theycouldmakefireagainwhenthefirewentout.Beforelong,peoplelearnedtomakeafirebyrubbing（摩擦），too.Aholewasmadeinapieceofwoodandasmallerstickwasputintoit.Theyturnedthestickagainandagain.Afterawhiletheygotfire.Astimewentby，peoplelearnedotherwaystomakeafire.Attimespeopleusedtheheatfromthe