2021-2022学年山西省吕梁市孝义第二中学高三英语下学期期末试题含解析

2021-2022学年山西省吕梁市孝义第二中学高三英语下学期期末试题含解析一、选择题1.Clothingmadeofman-madematerialshascertainadvantagesover_____madeofnaturaloneslikecotton,woolorsilk.A.one

B.what

C.that

D.theones参考答案：C2.WhilereportsaboutthecontrolofEbolaoutbreakappeartobeencouraging,someare________optimistic,becausewecannotaffordtoputpeopleunderrisk.A.casually

B.cautiously

C.slightly

D.desperately参考答案：B【知识点】副词解析：A随意地；B谨慎地；C稍微地；D绝望地。有些人对于埃博拉的控制情形谨慎乐观。根据题意选B。【技巧点拨】熟记副词的含义，认真审题，感悟题意，别无他法。3.

MumtriedtopersuadeDadnottosmoke,buthejust______listen.A.wouldn't

B.couldn't

C.shouldn't

D.mustn't参考答案：A

4.DuringtheSinglesDayin2017,thesalesofChinesee-commercegiantssuchasAlibabaoutnumbered

ofBlackFridayandCyberMondayintheUS.A.that B.those C.this D.it参考答案：B5.IwaschattingontheInternetlastnightwhenIsmeltsomething

inthenextroom．A．burning

B．toburn

C．beburnt

D．tobeburnt参考答案：A略6.Imade

secondthoroughsearchoftheroombeforefinding

ringundermybed. A．a;a B．a;the C．the;the D．the;a参考答案：B7.Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if_____regularly,canimproveourhealth.A.beingcarriedout B.carryingoutC.carriedout D.tocarryout参考答案：C【详解】考查状语从句的省略句。句意：实验表明，适量的锻炼，如果被定期进行，能提高人们的健康。当主从句的主语一致的情况，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，Ifcarriedout=ifproperamountsofexercisearecarriedout。选C。【点睛】如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有be动词，从句的主语连同be可一起省略，该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等，连词为when,while,though,if,unless,although,asif等，后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。8.Themomentsheheardmanager’sangryvoiceonthephone,

she_______what

shewouldhavetoface.

A.hadsensed

B.hassensed

C.sensed

D.wouldsense参考答案：C9.HegotthefirstplaceintheOralEnglishContest,____wasbeyondhisexpectation.

A.that

B.it

C.what

D.which参考答案：D略10.Youare_____tobedisappointedifyouhopetogotocollegewithouthardwork.A.vague

B.bound

C.eager

D.anxious参考答案：B11.Asthesenewproductsarenotsellingwell,themembersoftheboardhavedecidedto______production.A.cutaway

B.cutup

C.cutdownon

D.cutoff参考答案：C略12.Theweatherofthiswinteriscolderthan____ofanyotheryear.A.one

B.it

C.that

D.theone参考答案：C13.----Limingdidn’tpassthedrivingtestthistime?----___________?Hiscoachsaidhewasthebestoneinhisteam.A.Sowhat

B.Howcome

C.Notatall

D.Idon’tthinkso参考答案：B14.Beingconstantlyexposedtoadvertisementsisannoying,butit______bepleasantsometimes.A.shall B.need C.can D.must参考答案：C15.—IsawMr.Blackontheplaygroundthismorning.

—You________.He’sstillonholidayinSanya.A.can’t

B.couldn’thave

C.mustn’thave

D.needn’t

参考答案：B16.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings

youcanfindthemagain.A.there

B.inwhich

C.when

D.where参考答案：D二、完型填空17.Self-confidencedoesnotnecessarilyimplyabeliefinone'sabilitytosucceed.Forinstance,onemaybe

49ataparticularsportoractivity,butremain"confident",simplybecauseonedoesnot

50

agreatdealofemphasisontheresultoftheactivity.Whenonedoesnotalwaysthinkofnegativeresults,onecanbemore"self-confident"becauseoneis51

farlessaboutfailureorthe

52

ofothersfollowingpotentialfailure.Oneisthenmorelikelytofocusontheactualsituation,whichmeansthatenjoymentandsuccessinthatsituationisalsomoreprobable.Beliefinone'sabilitiestoperformanactivitycomes

53

successfulexperienceandmayaddtoageneralsenseofself-confidence.Studieshavealsofounda54

betweenhighlevelsofconfidenceandwages.

55

,thosewhoself-reporttheywereconfidentearlierinschoolingearnedbetterwagesandwerepromotedmorequicklyoverthelifecourse.49.A.good

B.experienced

C.poor

D.surprised

50.A.make

B.lay

C.play

D.take51.A.talking

B.asking

C.worrying

D.learning52.A.respect

B.disapproval

C.envy

D.dishonesty53.A.through

B.to

C.towards

D.before54.A.difference

B.link

C.similarity

D.distance55.A.Alternatively

B.Immediately

C.Sharply

D.Seemingly参考答案：49-50CB

51-55CBABD【文章综述】本文讲的是有关自信心的一些问题，自信是成功的基础。【答案解析】49.C，poor差的，一个人在一个特定的领域可能比较差，但是会保持自信因为他没有非常重视活动的结果。50.B，layemphasison强调；把重点放在,此处指的是不关注结果。51.C，当一个人不总是考虑负面结果的时候，他就不会担心失败，或潜在的失败所带来的别人的否定和不赞成。worryabout担心。52.B，disapproval不赞成，参照上题。53.A，comethrough相信自己有能力执行一个活动来自成功的经验并且能够增加自信感。54.B，自信的水平和和薪水之间也有联系。55.D，alternatively非此即彼；immediately立即；立刻；sharply急剧的

seemingly看来好像；看起来，那些在学校自认为自己比较自信的人会赢得更好的工资和晋升更快。

三、阅读理解18.Manypeopleexperienceproblemswiththeirspine(脊椎)astheyage.Thetissuethatprotectsthejointsinthespinegraduallybreaksdown.Asaconsequence,thebones,inthespinebegintorubagainsteachother.Thisfurtherharmsthatissueaswellasthebones.Theresultispaininthejointsand,sometimes,innervesnearthespineThispainfulproblemisactuallyadiseasecalledosteoporosis.Somepeoplearemoreatriskofosteoporosisbecauseofgenesthattheyinheritedfromtheirancestors.Extremelyheavypeoplearealsomorelikelytosufferfromthisdiseasebecausetheirextraweightputsmuchpressureontheirjoints.Fortunately,therearestepsthatpeoplecantaketohelppreventosteoporosisfromdevelopingintheirspine.Themostimportantstepisexercise.Stretchescanhelpthemusclesaroundthespinerelaxandallowbonestoshiftintobetteralignment(排列),Strengthexerciseswithlightweightsorbodyweightexerciseslikepushupscanalsohelpbystrengtheningthemusclesaroundthespine.However,peopleshouldnotoverdotheseexercisesasrepeatedmotionscanstrainthemusclesaroundthespine.Tryingtoliftheavyweightswithpoortechniquecanhavethesameeffect.Anotherimportantfactorisdiet.Itaffectsthehealthofspinebecausemanyvitaminsarenecessaryforbonesandnerves.TheseincludeBvitaminsandomega-3fattyacids,allofwhichhelpskeepnerveshealthy.PeoplecangetmoreBvitaminandomega3fattyacidsbytakingsupplementssoldbystores.AnotherimportantfactorisvitaminD.whichisessentialforstrongbones.Allofthesevitaminsandacidscanbeobtainedfromfood.Thuspeoplecanhelpthemselvesbyincludingthemintheirdailydiets36.Whatdoesthisarticlemainlyexplain?A.Variousaspectsofamedicalcondition.B.Theactionsofvirusesthatcauseillnesses.C.Drugsoftenusedtosolvethephysicalissue.D.Thelocationoforgansinthehumanbody.37.Howdoesthewriterbeginthisarticle?A.Bypredictingimprovement.B.Byanalyzingaseriesofdata.C.Byintroducingminorinjuries.D.Bydescribingagradualprocess38.Whatcanreadersfindinthisarticle?A.Awarningaboutworkingouttoohard.B.Amethodforimprovingsleepquality.C.Asloganusedtopromotehealthclasses.D.Abigcriticismoftenaimedatdoctors.39.Whatdoesthearticleimplyaboutsupplement?A.Theyaremainlyforyoungsters.B.Theyarecommercialproducts.C.Theyarenowbeingresearched.D.Theyareseldomtrulyeffective参考答案：36.A

37.D

38.A

39.B这是一篇说明文。讲述了“骨质疏松症”形成过程和导致的原因，以及如何预防的建议。【36题详解】主旨大意题。第一段最后一句“Theresultispaininthejointsand,sometimes,innervesnearthespine”可知第一段主要讲这种疾病的演化过程；第二段第一句“Thispainfulproblemisactuallyadiseasecalledosteoporosis.”给出这种疾病的正式命名，并且说明了两种可能致病的原因；第二段最后一句“therearestepsthatpeoplecantaketohelppreventosteoporosisfromdevelopingintheirspine.”可知第三、四段主要讲两种预防这种疾病的建议。故文章分别得病过程、致病原因以及如何预防骨质疏松的建议这几个方面来解释这种疾病，故文章主要从不同方面解释一种医学疾病，故选A。【37题详解】篇章结构题。根据第一段第二句“Thetissuethatprotectsthejointsinthespinegraduallybreaksdown.Asaconsequence,thebones,inthespinebegintorubagainsteachother.Thisfurtherharmsthatissueaswellasthebones.”以及后文可知保护脊柱关节的组织逐渐分解。结果，脊柱里的骨头开始互相摩擦。这进一步伤害了骨骼和这个问题。可知作者通过描述一个循序渐进的过程来开始这一篇文章，故选D。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第一、二句“However,peopleshouldnotoverdotheseexercisesasrepeatedmotionscanstrainthemusclesaroundthespine.Tryingtoliftheavyweightswithpoortechniquecanhavethesameeffect.”可知人们不应该过度运动，因为重复的运动会使脊柱周围的肌肉紧张。尝试用拙劣的技巧举重也会有同样的效果。即读者可以在文中找到关于过度锻炼的警告，故选A。【39题详解】判断推理题。根据最后一段第四句“PeoplecangetmoreBvitaminandomega3fattyacidsbytakingsupplementssoldbystores.”可知人们可以通过服用商店出售的补品获得更多的B族维生素和-3脂肪酸。补品在商店售出即可知补品是商品，故选B。19.Notallthinklaughteristhebestmedicine,butitseemstohelp.Soscientistscarriedonanewstudyofdiabetes(糖尿病)patientswhoweregivenagooddoseofhumorforayeartoproveit.Researchersdivided20high-riskdiabeticpatientsintotwogroups.Bothgroupsweregivenstandarddiabetesmedicine.GroupLviewed30minutesofhumoroftheirchoice，whileGroupC，thecontrolgroup，didnot.Thiswentonforayearoftreatments.Bytwomonthsintothestudy，thepatientsinthelaughtergrouphadlowerlevelofthehormonesepinephrine(肾上腺素)，consideredtocausestress，whichisknowntobedeadly.Afterthe12months，HDLcholesterolrises26percentinGroupLbutonly3percentinGroupC．Inanothermeasure，C-reactiveproteins，amakerofheartdisease，drop66percentinthelaughtergroupbutonly26percentinthecontrolgroup.“Thebestdoctorsbelievethatthereisaphysicalgoodbroughtaboutbythepositiveemotion，happylaughter，”saidstudyleaderLeeBerkofLomaLindaUniversity.Andotherresearchhasfoundthathumormakesusmorehopeful.Still，morestudyisneeded，Berksaid.TheresearchbyBerkfoundthat

humorcanbringaboutsimilarchangesinbodychemistry，whichwasprovedinthenewstudy.TheresearchresultwillbepresentedthismonthatthemeetingintheUS.ResearchattheUniversityofMarylandSchoolofMedicineshowsthatlaughtercausestheinnerliningofbloodvesselstoexpand，increasingbloodflowinawaythoughttobehealthy.“Lifestylechoiceshaveanimportanteffectonhealthandthesearechoiceswhichweandpatientsshouldpayattentionto，ratherthanpreventionandtreatment,”Berksaidinastatementthisweek.12.Whydidthescientistscarryonthenewresearch?A.Tofindoutiflaughterwasgoodtohealth.B.Todiscoverthebestmedicinetocurediabetes.C.Becausethenumberofdiabeticpatientsisthelargestintheworld.D.Becausediabeticpatientsneedmorelaughterthanotherpatients.13.After12monthsintothestudy，________.A.C-reactiveproteinsincrease66percentinGroupCB.thelevelofthehormonesepinephrinestaysthesameinbothgroupsC.thelevelofthehormonesepinephrinehasdroppedD.C-reactiveproteinsreduced66percentinGroupL14.Theunderlinedpart“HDLcholesterol”inParagraph3mustbe______.A.somethingbadtoourhealth

B.somethinggoodtoourhealthC.akindofwonderfulmedicine

D.akindofdangerousdisease15.Inwhatwaydoeslaughterbenefitpeople’shealth?A.Bloodismadethickbylaught