2023年6月大学英语六级考试

2023年6月高校英语六级考试真题(第三套)Part111ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenbIanks.YouarerequiredtoseIectonewordforeachbIankfromaIistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.EachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaIetter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingIetterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingleIinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage."ThatwhichdoesnotkiIIusmakesusstronger.Butparentscan'thandIeitwhenteenagersputthis36intopractice.NowtechnoIogyhasbecomethenewfieldfortheage-oIdbattIebetweenadultsandtheirfreedom-seekingkids.Lockedindoors,unabIetogetontheirbieyeIesandhangoutwiththeirfriends,teenshaveturnedtosociaImediaandtheirmobiIephonestosociaIizewiththeirpeers.Whattheydoonlineoften37whattheymightotherwisedoiftheirmobiIityweren'tsoheavily38intheageofheIicopterparenting.SociaImediaandsmart-phoneappshavebecomesopopuIarinrecentyearsbecauseteensneedapIacetocaIItheirown.Theywantthefreedomto39theiridentityandtheworIdaroundthem.Insteadof40out,theyjumponIine.AsteenshavemovedonIine,parentshaveprojectedtheirfearsontotheInternet,imaginingaIIthe41dangersthatyouthmightface-from42strangerstocureIpeerstopicturesorwordsthatcouldhauntthemonGooglefortherestoftheirIives.RatherthanhelpingteensdevelopstrategiesfornegotiatingpubIicIifeandtherisksof43withothers,fear-fuIparentshavefocusedontracking,monitoringandbIocking.Thesetactics(策略)don'thelpteensdeveloptheskillstheyneedtomanagecompIexsociaIsituations,44risksandgetheIpwhenthey'reintroubIe."Protecting"kidsmayfeeIIiketherightthingtodo,butit45theIearningthatteensneedtodoastheycomeofageinatechnoIogy-soakedworId.assessconstrainedcontainsexpIore日暴（sundials）以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝历经400年，但统治者的腐败最终导致了它的灭亡。2023年6月高校英语六级考试真题（其次套）PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.YouarerequiredtoseIectonewordforeachbIankfromaIistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.EachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaIetter.PIeasemarkthecorrespondingIetterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingleIinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TraveIwebsiteshavebeenaroundsineethe1990s,whenExpedia,Travelocity,andotherhoIidaybookingsiteswereIaunched,allowingtraveIerstocomparefIightandhoteIpriceswiththeclickofamouse.WithinformationnoIonger36bytraveIagentsorhiddeninbusinessnetworks,thetraveIindustrywasrevoIutionized,asgreatertransparencyheIped37prices.Today,theindustryisgoingthroughanewrevolution一thistimetransformingservicequality.OnIineratingpIatforms-38inhoteIs,restaurants,apartments,andtaxis一allowtraveIerstoexchangereviewsandexperiencesforaIItosee.HospitaIitybusinessesarenowranked,anaIyzed,andcomparednotbyindustry39,butbytheverypeopIeforwhomtheserviceisintended——thecustomer.Thishas40anewrelationshipbetweenbuyerandseIIer.Customershavealwaysvotedwiththeirfeet;theycannowexplaintheirdecisiontoanyonewhoisinterested.Asaresult,businessesaremuchmore41,ofteninveryspecificways,whichcreatespowerfuI42toimproveservice.AlthoughsomereadersmightnotcareforgossipyreportsofunfriendIybeIIboys(行李员)inBerIinormaI千一unctioninghoteIhairdryersinHouston,thetruepowerofonIinereviewsIiesnotjustintheindividuaIstories,butinthewebsites'43toaggregateaIargevoIumeofratings.Theimpactcannotbe44.Businessesthatattracttopratingscanenjoyrapidgrowth,asnewcustomersareattractedbygoodreviewsand45provideyetmorepositivefeedback.SogreatistheinfIuenceofonlineratingsthatmanycompaniesnowhiredigitalreputationmanagerstoensureafavorabIeonIineidentity.留意：此部分此题请在答题卡2上作答。accountabIecapacitycontrolledentaiIforgedincentivesoccasionaIlyoverstatedpersistingpessimisticprofessionaIssIashspeciaIizingspectatorssubsequentIySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaIetter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingIetteronAnswerSheet2.PlasticSurgeryAbettercreditcardisthesoIutiontoeverIargerhackattacksAthinmagneticstripe(magstripe)isaIIthatstandsbetweenyourcredit-cardinformationandthebadguys.Andthey'vebeenworkinghardtobreakin.That'swhy2023isshapingupasamajorshowdown:banks,IawenforcementandtechnologycompaniesareaIItryingtostopanetworkofhackerswhoaresucceedinginsteaIingaccountnumbers,names,emaiIaddressesandothercrucialdatausedinidentitytheft.Morethan100miIIionaccountsatTarget,NeimanMarcusandMichaelsstoreswereaffectedinsomewayduringthemostrecentattacks,startingIastNovember.Swipe(刷卡)istheoperativeword:cardsareincreasinglyvuInerabIetoattackswhenyoumakepurchasesinastore.InseveraIrecentincidents,hackershavebeenabIetoobtainmassiveinformationofcredit-,debit一(借^己)orprepaid-cardnumbersusingmalware,i.e.maIicioussoftware,insertedsecretIyintotheretailers'point-of-salesystem一thecheckoutregisters.HackersthensoIdthedatatoasecondgroupofcriminalsoperatinginshadowycomersoftheweb.Notlongafter,thestoIendatawasshowinguponfakecardsandbeingusedforonlinepurchases.ThesoIutioncouIdcostaslittleas$2extraforeverypieceofplasticissued.ThefixisasecuritytechnoIogyusedheaviIyoutsidetheU.S.WhileAmericancreditcardsusethe40-year-oIdmagstripetechnoIogytoprocesstransactions,muchoftherestoftheworIdusessmartercardswithatechnologycalledEMV(shortforEuropay,MasterCard,Visa)thatemploysachipembeddedinthecardpIusacustomerPIN(personaIidentificationnumber)toauthenticate(脸证)everytransactiononthespot.IfapurchaserfailstopunchinthecorrectPINatthecheckout,thetransactiongetsrejected.(OnIinepurchasescanbemadebysettingupaseparatetransactioncode.)Whyhaven'tbigbanksadoptedthemoresecuretechnoIogy?Whenitcomestomailingoutnewcreditcards,it'saIIaboutreIativecosts,saysDavidRobertson,whorunstheNihonReport,anindustrynewsIetter:"Thecostofthecard,puttingthestickeronit,codingtheaccountnumberandexpirationdate,embossing(凸印)it,thesmaIIenvelop一aIIputtogether,youareinthedollarrange."Achip-and-PINcardcurrentIycostscIoserto$3,saysRobertson,becauseofthepriceofchips.(OnceIargeissuersconverttogether,thechipcostsshoulddrop.)Multiply$3bythemorethan5billionmagstripecreditandprepaidcardsincirculationintheU.S.Thenconsiderthatthere'sanestimated$12.4billionincardfraudonaglobaIbasis'saysRobertson.With44%ofthatintheU.S.,Americancredit-cardfraudamountstoabout$5.5billionannuaIIy.CardissuershavesofarcaIcuIatedthatabsorbingtheliabilityforevenbighacksIiketheTargetoneisstillcheaperthanreplacingaIIthatpIastic.ThatIeavesAmericanretaiIersprettymuchaIonetheworIdoverinrelyingonmagstripetechnoIogytochargepurchases-andIeavesconsumersvuInerabIe.Eachmagstripehasthreetracksofinformation,expIainspaymentssecurityexpertJeremyGumbIey,thechieftechnoIogyofficerofCreditCaII,aneIectronic-paymentscompany.Thefirstandthirdareusedbythebankorcardissuer.YourvitalaccountinformationIivesonthesecondtrack,whichhackerstrytocapture."MalwareisscanningthroughthememoryinreaItimeandIookingfordata,"hesays."11createsatextfilethatgetsstolen."Chip-and-PINcards,bycontrast,makefakecardsorskimmingimpossibIebecausetheinformationthatgetsscannedisencrypted（力口密）.ThehistoricaIreasontheU.S.hasstuckwithmagstripe,ironicaIlyenough,isoncesuperiortechnoIogy.Ourcheap,uItra-reIiabIewirednetworksmadecredit-cardauthenticationoverthephonefrictionIess.InFrance,cardcompaniescreatedEMVinpartbecausetheteIephonemonopoIywassomaddeninglyinefficientandexpensive.TheEMVsoIutionaIIowedtransactionstobeverifiedIocaIlyandsecurely.Somebigbanks,IikeWeIIsFargo,arenowofferingtoconvertyourmagstripecardtoachip-and-PINmodeI.（It'sactuaIIyahybrid（混合体）thatwiIIstillhaveamagstripe,sineemostU.S.merchantsdon'thaveEMVterminaIs.）ShouIdyoutakethemuponit?IfyoutraveIinternationally,theanswerisyes.Keepinmind,too,thatcreditcardstypicaIIyhavebetterliabilityprotectionthandebitcards.Ifsomeoneusesyourcreditcardfraudulently（欺诈'性/也）it*stheissuerormerchant,notyou,thattakesthehit.DebitcardshavedifferentliabilityIimitsdependingonthebankandtheeventssurroundinganyfraud."Ifit'savaiIabIe,thelogicalthingistogetachip-and-PINcardfromyourbank,"saysEricAdamowsky,aco-founderofCreditCardInsider."IwouIdusecreditcardsoverdebitcardsbecauseofliabilityissues."CashstillworksprettyweIItoo.RetaiIersandbanksstandtobenefitfromtheIowerfraudIeveIsofchip-and-PINcardsbuthavebeenreIuctantforyearstoinvestinthenewinfrastructure（基础设施）neededforthetechnology,especiallyifconsumersdon'thaveaccesstoit.It'sachicken-and-eggproblem;noonewantstospendthemoneyonupgradedpoint-of-saIesystemsthatcanreadthechipcardsifshoppersaren'tcarryingthem-yetthere'slittlepointinconsumers'carryingthefancyplasticifstoresaren'tequippedtousethem.（AnearIiereffortbyTargettomovetochipandPINnevergainedprogress.）AccordingtoGumbIey,there'sa"you-firstmentaIity.TheIogjam（僵局）hastobebroken."JPMorganChaseCEOJamieDimonrecentIyexpressedhiswiIIingnesstodoso,notingthatbanksandmerchantshavespentthepastdecadesuingeachotheroverinterchangefees——thepercentageofthetransactionpricetheykeep-ratherthandeaIwiththegrowinghackingproblem.Chaseoffersachip-enabIedcardunderitsownbrandandseveraIothersfortravel-relatedcompaniessuchasBritishAirwaysandRitz-CarIton.TheTargetandNeimanhackshaveaIsochangedthecostcalculation:althoughretaiIershavebeenreIuctanttospendthe$6.75biIIionthatCapgeminiconsuItantsestimateitwiIItaketoconvertaIItheirregisterstobechip-and-PIN-compatibIe,thepotentiaIliabilitytheynowfaceisdramaticalIygreater.Targethasbeenhitwithclassactionsfromhackedconsumers."It'stheultimatenightmare,"aretaiIexecutivefromaweII-knownchainadmittedtoTIME.Thecard-paymentcompaniesMasterCardandVisaarepushinghardforchange.ThetwofirmshavewarnedaIIpartiesinthetransactionchain-merchant,network,bank-thatiftheydon'tbecomeEMV-compIiantbyOctober2023,thepartythatisIeastcompIiantwiIIbearthefraudrisk.Inthemeantime,app-equippedsmartphonesanddigitalwaIIets一aIIofwhichcanuseEMVtechnology-arebeginningtomakeinroads（侵袭）oncardsandcash.PayPaI,forinstance,istestinganappthatletsyouuseyourmobiIephonetopayonthefIyatIocaImerchants一withoutsurrenderinganycardinformationtothem.Andfurtherdowntheroadisbiometricauthentication,whichcouIdbeencryptedwith,say,afingerprint.Creditanddebitcards,though,aregoingtobewithusfortheforeseeabIefuture,andsoarehackers,ifwestickwithmagstripetechnology."Itseemscrazytome,"saysGumbIey,whoisEngIish,"thatacutting-edge-technoIogycountryisdependingona40-year-oldtechnology.That'swhyitmaybeuptoconsumerstomovetheneedIeonchipandPIN.SaysRobertson:''Whenyougettheconsumerintoapositionofworryandinconvenience,that'swheretherubberhitstheroad.H留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。It'sbesttouseanEMVcardforinternationaltraveI.PersonaIinformationoncreditanddebitcardsisincreasinglyvuInerabIetohacking.TheFrenchcardcompaniesadoptedEMVtechnoIogypartIybecauseofinefficientteIephoneservice.WhilemanycountriesusethesmarterEMVcards,theU.S.stillcIingstoitsoldmagstripetechnology.Attemptsarebeingmadetopreventhackersfromcarryingoutidentitytheft.Creditcardsaremuchsafertousethandebitcards.BigbankshavebeenreIuctanttoswitchtomoresecuretechnoIogybecauseofthehighercostsinvolved.ThepotentiaIliabilityforretaiIersusingmagstripeisfarmorecostIythanupgradingtheirregisters.TheuseofmagstripecardsbyAmericanretaiIersIeavesconsumersexposedtotherisksoflosingaccountinformation.ConsumerswiIIbeadrivingforcebehindtheconversionfrommagstripetoEMVtechnology.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfoilowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouIddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingIetteronAnswerSheet2withasingleIinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.I'lladmitI'veneverquiteunderstoodtheobsession(难以破除的成见)surroundinggeneticaIlymodified(GM)crops.ToenvironmentaIistopponents,GMfoodsaresimplyevil,anunderstudied,possibIyharmfuItoolusedbybigagriculturaIbusinessestocontrolgIobaIseedmarketsandcrushIocaIfarmers.TheyarguethatGMfoodshaveneverdeIiveredontheirsupposedpromise,thatmoneyspentonGMcropswouIdbebetterchanneIedtoorganicfarmingandthatconsumersshouIdbeprotectedwithwarningIabeIsonanyproductsthatcontaingeneticaIlymodifiedingredients.Tosupporters,GMcropsareakeypartoftheefforttosustainabIyprovidefoodtomeetagrowingglobalpopulation.Butmorethanthat,supportersseetheGMoppositionofmanyenvironmentaIistsasfundamentaIIyanti-science,nodifferentthanthosewhoquestionthebasicsofman-madecIimatechange.Forbothsides,GMfoodsseemtoactasasymboI:you'repro-agricuIturaIbusinessoranti-science.ButscienceisexactIywhatweneedmoreofwhenitcomestoGMfoods,whichiswhyIwashappytoseeNaturedevoteaspeciaIseriesofarticlestotheGMfoodcontroversy.TheconeIusion:whiIeGMcropshaven'tyetreaIizedtheirinitialpromiseandhavebeendominatedbyagriculturalbusinesses,thereisreasontocontinuetouseanddeveIopthemtoheIpmeettheenormouschaIIengeofsustainabIyfeedingagrowingpIanet.Thatdoesn'tmeanGMcropsareperfect,oraone-size-fits-aIIsoIutiontogIobaIagricuItureprobIems.ButanythingthatcanincreasefarmingefficiencytheamountofcropswecanproduceperacreofIandwillbeextremeIyusefuI.GMcropscanandalmostcertainlywiIIbepartofthatsuiteoftooIs*butsowiIItraditionaIpIantbreeding,improvedsoiIandcropmanagement一andperhapsmostimportantof

all,betterstorageandtransportinfrastructure(基础1殳施),especiaIIyinthedevelopingworId.(Itdoesn'tdomuchgoodforfarmersinpIacesIikesub-SaharanAfricatoproducemorefoodiftheycan'tgetittohungryconsumers.)I'dliketoseemorenon-industryresearchdoneonGMcrops——notjustbecausewe'dworryIessaboutbias,butaIsobecauseseedcompaniesIikeMonsantoandPioneershouldn'tbetheonIyentitiesworkingtoharnessgeneticmodification.I*dliketoseeGMresearchonIesscommercialcrops,Iikecom.Idon'tthinkit'svitaltoIabeIGMingredientsinfood,butIaIsowouIdn'tbeagainstit-andindustrywouldbesmarttogoaIongwithIabeIing,justasawayofremovingfearsaboutthetechnology.MostofaII,though,Iwishatenthoftheenergythat'sspentendIessIydebatingGMcropswasfocusedonthosemorepressingchaIIengesforglobaIagriculture.TherearemuchbiggerbattIestofight.留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。HowdoenvironmentaIistopponentsviewGMfoodsaccordingtothepassage?TheywiIIeventuaIIyruinagricultureandtheenvironment.TheyareusedbybigbusinessestomonopoIizeagriculture.TheyhaveprovedpotentiaIIyharmfuItoconsumers'health.Theyposeatremendousthreattocurrentfarmingpractice.Whatdoestheauthorsayisvitaltosolvingthecontroversybetweenthetwosidesofthedebate?A)BreakingtheGMfoodmonopoIy.B)C)RegulatingGMfoodproduction.D)WhatisthemainpointoftheFeedingthegrowingpopuIationA)BreakingtheGMfoodmonopoIy.B)C)RegulatingGMfoodproduction.D)WhatisthemainpointoftheFeedingthegrowingpopuIationPopuIarizingGMtechnoIogywiIMorefriendIyexchangeofideas.MorescientificresearchonGMcrops.NaturearticIes?makesitimperativetodeveIopGMcrops.IheIpittoIiveuptoitsinitialpromisesMeasuresshouIdbetakentoensurethesafetyofGMfoods.BothsupportersandopponentsshouIdmakecompromises.Whatistheauthor'sviewonthesoIutiontoagriculturalprobIems?IthastodependmoreandmoreonGMtechnology.Itisvitaltothesustainabledevelopmentofhumansociety.GMcropsshouIdbeaIIoweduntiIbetteralternativesarefound.WhateverisusefuItoboostfarmingefficiencyshouIdbeencouraged.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheongoingdebatearoundGMcrops?Itarisesoutofignoranceofandprejudiceagainstnewscience.ItdistractsthepubIicattentionfromotherkeyissuesoftheworId.EffortsspentonitshouIdbeturnedtomoreurgentissuesofagriculture.NeithersideislikelytogiveinuntiImoreconvincingevidenceisfound.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whentherightpersonisholdingtherightjobattherightmoment,thatperson'sinfIuenceisgreatIyexpanded.ThatisthepositioninwhichJanetYellen,whoisexpectedtobeconfirmedasthenextchairoftheFederaIReserveBank(Fed)inJanuary,nowfindsherseIf.IfyoubeIieve,asmanydo,thatunempIoymentisthemajoreconomicandsociaIconcernofourday,thenitisnostretchtothinkYellenisthemostpowerfuIpersonintheworIdrightnow.Throughoutthe2023financiaIcrisisandtherecessionandrecoverythatfollowed,centraIbankshavetakenontheroleofstimuIatorsofIastresort,holdinguptheglobaIeconomywithvastamountsofmoneyintheformofassetbuying.YeIIen,previousIyaFedvicechair,wasoneoftheprincipalarchitectsoftheFed's$3.8trillionmoneydump.AstareconomistknownforhergroundbreakingworkonIabormarkets,YeilenwasakindofprophetessearIyoninthecrisisforherwarningsaboutthesubprime(次级债)meItdown.NowitwiIIbeherjobtogettheFedandthemarketsoutofthebiggestandmostunconventionaImonetaryprograminhistorywithoutderaiIingthefragiIerecovery.ThegoodnewsisthatYeIIen,67,isparticuIarIyweIIsuitedtomeetthesechaIIenges.ShehasakeenunderstandingoffinanciaImarkets,anappreciationfortheirimperfectionsandastrongbeIiefthathumansufferingwasmorereIatedtounempIoymentthananythingeIse.SomeexpertsworrythatYellenwillbeincIinedtochaseunempIoymenttotheneglectofinflation.ButwithwagesstillrelativelyflatandtheeconomyincreasinglydividedbetweentheweII-offandtheIong-termunempIoyed'morepeopIeworryabouttheopposite,deflation(通货紧缩)thatwouldaggravatetheeconomy'sproblems.Eitherway,theincomingFedchiefwiIIhavetowaIkafineIineinslowlyendingthestimuIus.ItmustbesteadyenoughtodefIatebubbIes(去泡沫)andbringmarketsbackdowntoearthbutnotsoquickthatitcreatesanothercreditcrisis.UnIikemanypastFedIeaders,YeIIenisnotonetobuyintothefinanceindustry'sargumentthatitshouldbeIeftalonetoreguIateitself.SheknowsaIIalongtheFedhasbeentoosIackonregulationoffinance.YeIIenisIikeIytoaddressrightaftershepushesunempIoymentbeIow6%,stabiIizesmarketsandmakessurethattherecoveryismoreinclusiveandrobust.AsPrincetonProfessorAlanBIindersays'"She*ssmartasawhip,deepIylogical,willingtoarguebutaIsoagoodIistener.ShecanpersuadewithoutcreatinghostiIity."AHthosetraitswiIIbeusefuIastheglobaleconomy'snewpowerpIayertakesonitsmostannoyingprobIems.留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。WhatdomanypeoplethinkisthebiggestprobIemfacingJanetYeIIen?A)Lackofmoney.B)Subprimecrisis.C)Unemployment.D)SociaIinstabiIity.62.WhatdidYeIIenheIptheFeddototackIethe2023financialcrisis?62.A)TakeeffectivemeasurestocurbinfIation.B)DefIatethebubblesintheAmericaneconomy.A)TakeeffectivemeasurestocurbinfIation.B)DefIatethebubblesintheAmericaneconomy.C)FormuIatepoIiciestoheIpfinanciaIinstitutions.C)FormuIatepoIiciestoheIpfinanciaIinstitutions.D)Pourmoneyintothemarketthroughassetbuying.63.WhatisagreaterconcernofthegeneraIpubIic?A)Recession.DefIation.InequaIity.D)Income.D)Pourmoneyintothemarketthroughassetbuying.63.WhatisagreaterconcernofthegeneraIpubIic?A)Recession.DefIation.InequaIity.D)Income.WhatisYellenlikelytodoinherpositionastheFedchief?A)DeveIopanewmonetaryprogram.B)RestorepubIicconfidence.C)TightenfinanciaIreguIation.D)Reformthecreditsystem.HowdoesAlanBIinderportrayYeIIen?Shepossessesstrongpersuasivepower.Shehasconfidenceinwhatsheisdoing.SheisoneoftheworId'sgreatesteconomists.SheisthemostpowerfuIFedchiefinhistory.PartVITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareaIIowed30minutestotransIateapassagefromChineseintoEngIish.YoushouIdwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.2023年是中国城市化(urbanization)进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在将来20年里，预料约有3.5亿农村人口将移居到城市。如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府始终提倡“以人为本”的发展理念。强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向平安、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.YouarerequiredtoseIectonewordforeachbIankfromaIistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.EachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaIetterPIeasemarkthecorrespondingIetterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingleIinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Innovation,theeIixir(灵丹妙药)ofprogress,hasaIwayscostpeopIetheirjobs.IntheIndustriaIRevoIutionhandweaverswere36asidebythemechanicaIIoom.Overthepast30yearsthedigitalrevolutionhas37manyofthemid-skiIIjobsthatsupported20th-centurymiddle-classIife.Typists,ticketagents,bankteIIersandmanyproduction-1inejobshavebeendispensedwith,justastheweaverswere.ForthosewhobeIievethattechnologicalprogresshasmadetheworIdabetterpIace,suchdisruptionisanaturaIpartofrising38.AlthoughinnovationkiIIssomejobs,itcreatesnewandbetterones'mamore39societybecomesricheranditsweaIthierinhabitantsdemandmoregoodsandservices.AhundredyearsagooneinthreeAmericanworkerswas40onafarm.TodayIessthan2%ofthemproducefarmorefood.ThemiIIionsfreedfromtheIandwerenotrendered41,butfoundbetter-paidworkastheeconomygrewmoresophisticated.TodaythepooIofsecretarieshas42.butthereareevermorecomputerprogrammersandwebdesigners.Optimismremainstherightstarting-point,butforworkersthedislocatingeffectsoftechnoIogymaymakethemseIvesevidentfasterthanits43.EvenifnewjobsandwonderfuIproductsemerge,intheshorttermincomegapswiIIwiden,causinghugesocialdislocationandperhapsevenchangingpolitics.Technology's44wiIIfeeIIikeatornado(旋风),hittingtherichworIdfirst,but45sweepingthroughpoorercountriestoo.Nogovernmentispreparedforit.留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。infIuenceinteractinginterpretationmagnifiedmirrorsphiIosophypotentialsneakingstickingunderminesviolentSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaIetter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingIetteronAnswerSheet2.InequaIityIsNotInevitableAdangeroustrendhasdeveIopedoverthispastthirdofacentury.AcountrythatexperiencedsharedgrowthafterWorIdWarIIbegantotearapart,somuchsothatwhentheGreatRecessionhitinIate2023,onecouldnoIongerignorethedivisionthathadcometodefinetheAmericaneconomicIandscape.Howdidthis"shiningcityonahill"becometheadvancedcountrywitht