02解读真题命题之道妙招七选五满分拿-备战2024高考“跨词破句”之英语阅读理解轻松突破

解读真题命题之道，妙招七选五满分拿2020-2022年高考英语七选五考情分析试卷年代主题语境文章话题体裁词数设空位置标题段首段中段尾新高考全国I2022人与自我寻找健身搭档说明文31100412021人与自我体验巴黎生活记叙文33301402020人与社会如何成为优秀演讲者说明文2970131新高考全国II2022人与自我写文章技巧说明文28601402021人与自我如何提高阅读速度说明文31401222020人与自我如何与医生高效交流说明文2930121通过对近三年新高考全国卷阅读七选五试题的分析，我们可以发现阅读七选五有以下特点：1.文章体裁：以说明文为主(近三年新高考全国卷中，除2021新高考全国卷Ⅰ外，均采用了说明文)。2.短文长度：阅读材料一般是一篇长度为300词左右的短文，其中正文240词左右，备选项60词左右，且选项按照由短到长的顺序依次排列。3.考点设置：设空位置多集中在段中，主要考查上下文过渡句、细节句等；近年来小标题的考查没有涉及，但也不应忽略；关注小标题，多为祈使句。段首、段尾句主要考查主题句、过渡句或结论性语句。留意主旨句，句式应该相同；首段最后一句，总领起下文。妙招1“三步走”做到心中有数第一步：速读文章，把握文章主旨，理清文章脉络大标题小标题解题技巧有有考生可以通过文章的大标题和文中的小标题快速把握文章主旨并理清文章的行文脉络。无有考生可以通过文中的小标题快速把握文章主旨并理清文章的行文脉络。有无考生可以通过大标题确定主旨，再通过速读其他段落首句确定文章脉络无无通常首尾两段就能定中心，通过各段首句即可理清文章脉络。览选项，确定目标。确定文章主旨和行文脉络后，不要马上通读刘览七个选项。圈出选项中的关键词，并将这些关键词作为目标第二步，浏览选项，确定目标。确定文章主旨和行文脉络后，不要马上通读原文，而是要先浏览七个选项。圈出选项中的关键词，并将这些关键词作为目标记在脑中，再“以目标为导向”回头细读原文，这样会事半功倍。第三步，细读文章，抓住关键。重点阅读空处附近的句子，这些句子和空处之间存在紧密的逻辑关系，往往能提供重要线索。再结合选项圈定文中的线索词，匹配选项中的关键词。妙招2解题“三步骤”从容不迫一看位置。设空位置通常有四种：设空处是小标题，设空在段首，设空在段中，设空在段尾。补全首中尾，快解七选五。新高考全国卷阅读七选五对标题句的考查较少，对细节句的考查侧重上下文的衔接，做题时应关注空前空后关键句中的关键词和过渡衔接词汇。2021年和2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读七选五均考查了4个段中设空题，2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ和2022年新高考全国卷Ⅱ均考查了段首主题句和段中设空题，2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ和2021年新高考全国卷Ⅱ均考查了段尾设空题。◆例题（段首设空题）(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读填句)Writinganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.However,theprocesscanbemadeeasierifyoulearntopracticethreesimpletechniques.36Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.Staylooseandfree.Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.Don'tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.Eventhoughthistechniquewon'tworkforeveryone,ithelpsmanypeoplegetagoodstoreofideastodrawon.

A.Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.B.Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.C.Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.D.Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.E.Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.F.Manybeginningwritersdon'tleaveenoughspacetorevise.G.Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft,againsettingyourtextontriple-space.分析：分析文章结构可知，空格处是本段的主题句。根据空后的“Whenyouarefirst..writenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写。答案：D点拨：设空在段首，如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置，则该处应为段落主旨句，然后根据本段内容做出选择。若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，因此，考生在做题时，需观察其他段落小标题的句式结构，根据结构相同的原则，缩小范围，选择短小精悍、多为名词词组、动词-ing形式短语或祈使句作为小标题。技巧：◆例题（段中设空题）(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读填句)Thenexttechniqueistowriteyourdraftrapidlywithoutworryingaboutbeingperfect.18Yet,bylearningtolivewithimperfection,youwillsaveyourselfheadachesandawastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled(弄皱)paper.Thinkofyourfirstdraftasapathcutoutofthejungle—aspartofanexploration,notasacompletehighway.

A.Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.B.Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.C.Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.D.Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.E.Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.F.Manybeginningwritersdon'tleaveenoughspacetorevise.G.Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft,againsettingyourtextontriple-space.分析：空前面一句提到:下一个技巧是快速写草稿,不要担心是否完美。空后面一句“yet”提到:然而,通过学习与不完美共存,你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的纸的废纸篓。E选项:太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。与下文“bylearningtolivewithimperfection”形成对比。答案：E点拨:段中设空属于对主题句的展开。考生应尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔接。段中设空的特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明。解答此类试题时考生首先应确定所缺的句子是细节句还是过渡句，对于这两类句子，应采用不同的方法来解题。技巧:◆例题（段尾设空题）(2022·浙江6月高考)IhaveadrawerfullofletterstoSanta.EachyearmychildrenwouldwriteuptheirChristmaswishlists.Theywerepoliterequestsforthelatestgameortoy.Asthechildrengotolder,theywouldgiveSantasomehints(提示)onwheretobuytheirpresents.____31____Thoseletterstaughtmychildrenavaluablelessonaboutwriting:Ithasapurpose.Sometimesourpurposeistoachievesomething;othertimesitmaybetoentertain,inform,orpersuade.Butitisalwayspurposeful-oratleastitshouldbe.Andwhenwritingdoesn’tseemtohaveanypurposeorgetanykindofmeaningfulresponse,thenitcanbehardtogetexcitedaboutdoingit.A.Itisn’tthattheseyoungpeoplecan’twrite.B.Butitisalwayspurposeful-oratleastitshouldbe.C.Theageofpen-and-paperletterwritingmayhavepassed.D.Asaresult,eachyeartheyreceivedsomethingtheywanted.E.Youwrite“HiNannaandPop”becauseyouareclosetothem.F.Astechnologydevelops,youngpeoplearewritingmorethantheyeverhave.G.Butifthisistheonlykindofwritingyoungpeopledo,itwillcauseproblems.分析：根据空前“Asthechildrengotolder,theywouldgiveSantasomehints(提示)onwheretobuytheirpresents.(随着孩子们逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提示去哪买礼物。空处和横线处为明显的因果关系。答案：D点拨：空格设在段尾，通常为结论，概括性语句。如果不是结论，概括性语句，那么就要考虑过渡句。通过空格把本段与下一段巧妙的连接起来。解题技巧：二定关系。设空处是小标题时，空处总领全段；设空在段首时，要判断空处1.都是主旨句还是承上启下句；设空在段中时，要判断空处和上下句之间是什么逻辑2.相关系，一般以因果关系、转折关系、并列或递进关系、解释例证关系居多；设空在段尾时，空处一般是总结上文的总结句或承上启下的过渡句。三找对应。依据空格处所在的位置以及与上下文之间的逻辑关系匹配选项。先确定有把握的选项，缩小筛选范围，把握不准的空再利用一些解题技法斟酌后判定。妙招3看文章结构有的文章结构本身自带小标题，这样的文章一般会有一个空考查小标题。体现在选项中往往就是从两个祈使句的选项中选择一个。妙招4看逻辑关系文章的句与句、段与段之间都存在着一定的逻辑关系，抓住空处与前后句之间的逻辑关系是快速、准确解题的关键。文章中常见的逻辑关系有解释关系、例证关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、因果关系等。妙招5看词汇复现复现是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在上下文不同的位置重复提到同一个概念。词汇复现形式主要包括原词复现、同根词复现、同义词/近义词复现、反义词复现、同畴复现等。妙招6看代词指代英语表达中代词出现的频率极高。代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的人、物或概念。在做七选五时提高对代词的敏感度，巧妙利用指代关系，根据代词的单复数差异可以准确快速地解题。it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；she或her指代上文提到的女性；this指代单数名词或句子；these或those指代前句的复数名词。实战应用(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”Onereasonwas:“You'llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”whileanotherread:“36”Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)competition.

So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.37Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.

Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresultinausefulresponse.38Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.

Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.39

Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.40Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.

A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.读——先观大局，知其结构，明大意本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了找到一个好的健身伙伴的方法。Para.1介绍与伙伴一起健身的诸多好处“如何才能找到一个好的健身伙伴”Para.6接受彼此之间的不同之处，学会合作析——逻辑衔接，重连接词，识用途寻——词汇线索，判断指代，找复现36题运用妙招1和2本空是段中设题。本段第一句提到要感谢和你一起健身的伙伴的五个原因。第二句开头的“Onereasonwas..”是一个原因，由设空前的“whileanotherread”可知，此处应是在讲另外一个原因，选项需要与和你一起健身的伙伴有关。故选C。37题运用妙招4,5,和6根据设空后的“Ordoyoujustwanttobe…”，且为一般疑问句，说明此处与后句并列本空，也应为一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。故选D。38题运用妙招1，2，3和4根据设空后的“Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.”可知，此处应与一起健身的伙伴的位置有关。故选B39题运用妙招5,6设空处所在段落第一句提到“notice”，第二句提到notice中的细节，而设空处位于段尾，故此处应总括前文或与前句并列。选项中的“notice”与前文呼应，且“suchinformation”为前文中所提到的细节。故选G。40题运用妙招5,6本段的段首句是“Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.”,故后文的内容应该和“differentskills”有关，F项“acceptyourdifference”既指代前文的“Youandyourpartner”，又与“differentskills”相关。故选F项。代—回填答案，通读文章，复核正误模拟精炼1(2023山东济南期末检测)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatisheritage?Thewordcanbedifficulttodefine.Heritageisalwayssomethingthatispasseddownbyfamiliesorothergroupsformanyyears.____1____Itcanalsobethecustoms,traditions,andvaluessharedbygroupsofpeople.Onewaytothinkaboutheritageistobreakitdownintothreegroups.Thesearethetangible(有形的),thenatural,andtheintangible.____2____Itcanincludemanyhuman-madeobjectsthatholdculturalvalue.Someexamplesarenationalmonumentsandworksofart.Manyancientsitesarealsopartofthisgroup.Onasmallerscale,afamilyhomecanbepartofanindividual’sheritage.Manypartsofthenaturalworldarealsoimportanttoculturalheritage.Thiscanincludebodiesofwater,plantlife,landformsandmore.OneexampleistheNileRiver.____3____Effortstoprotectnaturalheritagearekeyinmanycultures.Theintangiblegroupincludesanypartofculturalheritagethatyoucan’tfeelthroughtouch.Maybeyou’vereadaboutformsofdance,likeFlamencodancing.YoumightknowaboutthemusicofMariachiBandsorholidayslikeEid.Theseareallexamplesofintangibleheritage.____4____Exploringyourownheritagecanbefun.Itcanhelpyoulearnaboutyourself,yourfamily,andyourancestors.Butit’salsoimportanttolearnabouttheheritageofothers.____5____Itcanalsoleadyoutofindthingsyoumayhaveincommonwithothers!A.Theyaretreasuresthatcanbetouched.B.Whattangibleitemscanbepartofheritage?C.However,heritageisn’tlimitedtoconcreteobjects.D.Languages,holidaysandcustomsalsomakethelist.E.Therefore,it’sdifficulttoprotectthemfromfadingaway.F.Doingsocanhelpyoubuildastrongerunderstandingofothercultures.G.IthasbeenpartofculturalheritageinmanyAfricannationsforcenturies.【答案】1.C2.B3.G4.D5.F【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了遗产是由家庭或其他群体传承多年的东西。然而，遗产并不局限于具体的物品，它也是一群人共有的习俗、传统和价值观。根据下文“Itcanalsobethecustoms,traditions,andvaluessharedbygroupsofpeople.(它也可以是一群人共享的习俗、传统和价值观)”可知，此处应指遗产不局限于某种东西，与C项“However,heritageisn’tlimitedtoconcreteobjects.(然而，遗产并不局限于具体的物品)”符合题意。故选C。2.B根据上文“Thesearethetangible(有形的),thenatural,andtheintangible.(遗产分为有形的、自然的、和无形的三种)”及空后“Itcanincludemanyhuman-madeobjectsthatholdculturalvalue.(它可以包括许多具有文化价值的人造物。)”，再结合下文中列举的人造物品的例子，包括“nationalmonumentsandworksofart”、“ancientsites”等；由此可知，本段主要讲述哪些是有形的遗产，B项“Whattangibleitemscanbepartofheritage?(哪些有形物品可以成为遗产的一部分)”符合题意，故选B。本段主要介绍自然遗产。根据空前“OneexampleistheNileRiver.(尼罗河就是一个例子)”可知，空处应该会继续讲述与尼罗河有关的内容。G项“IthasbeenpartofculturalheritageinmanyAfricannationsforcenturies.(几个世纪以来，它一直是许多非洲国家文化遗产的一部分)”承接上文，符合题意。故选G。本段主要介绍无形的遗产。上文提到了舞蹈、音乐等无形的遗产，D项“Languages,holidaysandcustomsalsomakethelist.(语言、节日、习俗也榜上有名)”承接上文，介绍了其他的无形遗产，符合题意。故选D。根据上一句“Butit’salsoimportanttolearnabouttheheritageofothers.(但了解他人的遗产也很重要)”及下一句“Itcanalsoleadyoutofindthingsyoumayhaveincommonwithothers!(它还可以引导您找到与他人可能有共同点的东西！)”可知，空出应该是介绍了解他人的遗产的好处，F项“Doingsocanhelpyoubuildastrongerunderstandingofothercultures.(这样做可以帮助您更深入地了解其他文化)”承上启下，符合题意。故选F。模拟精炼2（2023苏北四市第一次调研）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manypeopleleadbusylivesandthinktheybarelyhavetimetoworkouteveryday.____1____Theyareshortworkoutsthatofteninvolvehigh-intensity(高强度的)exercises.Hereweexploresomereasonstodomicroworkouts.RequireLessofaTimeCommitmentCommittingtoexercisingforacertainamountoftimeperweekcanbedifficult,especiallywhenyoudonothavethetimeormotivationtoworkoutforanextendedperiod.Microworkoutsaregoodalternatives.Theytakeuponly10to30minutesofyourday.Manypeoplespendmuchlongerscrollingthroughsocialmediaeachday.____2____MakeSchedulingWorkoutsEasierItcanbechallengingtocommitthetimeneededtoexerciseeveryday,butitcanalsobehardtofitaworkoutintoatightschedule.However,astudysuggeststhatitmaybepossible.____3____Forexample,walkingyourdog,usingthestairs,parkingfartherawayfromadestination,orwalkingduringyourlunchbreakareallwaysyoucantry.NeedNoEquipmentInvestinginexpensivehomegymequipmentcanbearealburden.Whenyoudecidetodomicroworkouts,though,youdon’tneedabunchofequipment.____4____Forexample,youmaychoosetodostepsonyourstairs,runonthespot,orevendosomestarjumps.Sinceyoucanchoosewhattypeofworkoutyou’dprefertodo,itmeansthatyoucanexercisewheneveryouplease.____5____Nowthatyouknowallaboutmicroworkouts,youcanaddthemtoyourday.Getascreativeasyoupleaseandthinkaboutthetypesofmovementsthatsuityou.Youneverknow-itmightjustboostyourhealthandwellness.A.Readytogetmoving?B.Youjustfititintoyourroutine.C.Fitnessshouldbesimpleandconvenient.D.Soitshouldbearelativelyeasytimecommitment.E.Ifyoufeelthisway,youmaybeinterestedinmicroworkouts.F.Canmicroworkoutsgivethesamebenefitsaslongerworkoutsessions?G.Instead,youca