人教版八年级英语上册各知识点归纳

Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?习惯用法：1.buysthforab./buysb.sth为某人买某物2.taste+adj.尝起来……3.nothing….but+V.(原形)除了……之外什么都没有4.seem+(tobe)+adj看起来5.arrivein+大地方/arriveat+小地方到达某地6.decidetodosth.决定做某事7.trydoingsth.尝试做某事/trytodosth.尽力做某事8.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事9.wanttodosth.想去做某事10.startdoingsth.开始做某事11.stopdoingsth.停止做某事12.look+adj看起来13.dislikedoingsth.不喜欢做某事14.Whynotdosth.为什么不做…….呢？15.so+adj+that+从句如此……以至于……16.tellsb.(not)todosth.告诉某人（不要）做某事17.keepdoingsth.继续做某事18.forgettodosth.忘记去做某事/forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事词语辨析：1.anywhere与somewhere两者都是不定副词。anywhere在任何地方，常用于否定句和疑问句中。Ican’tfinditanywhere.somewhere在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。here.Ilostmykeysomewherenear2.seem+形容词看起来…..Youseemhappytoday.seem+todosth.似乎、好像做某事IseemtohaveacoldIseems/seemed+从句看起来好像…；似乎….Itseemsthatnoonebelieveyou.seemlike….好像，似乎…..Itseemslikeagodidea.3.decidetodosth.决定做某事Theydecidetovisitthemuseum.4.startdoingsth=starttodosth.开始，可与begin互换。Hestarteddoinghis1homework.5.over介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）=morethanMyfatherisover40yearsold.6.toomany太多，后接可数名词复数：Motherboughttoomanyeggsyesterday.toomuch太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。Wehavetoomuchworktodo.Don’ttalktoomuch.muchtoo太，修饰形容词或副词。Thehatismuchtoobigforme.You’rewalkingmuchtoofast.分辨三者的口诀：toomuch,muchtoo,用法区别看后头：much后接不可数，too后修饰形或副。toomany要记住，后面名词必复数。7.becauseof介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。Hecan’ttakeawalkbecauseoftherain.because连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。Idon’tbuytheshirtbecauseitwastooexpensive.不定代词anyone,something,anything,everything,nothing,everyone,nooneUnit2Howoftendoyouexercise?惯用法：1.helpsb.withsth2.Howabout…?帮助某人做某事….怎么样？/….好不好？想让某人做某事….有多少…..3.wantsb.todosth.4.Howmany+可数5.主语+find+that从句6.It’s+adj.+todosth.7.spendtimewithsb.8.asksb.aboutsth.名词复数+一般疑问句…发现…做某事是….的和某人一起度过时光向某人询问某事通过做某事9.bydoingsth.10.What’syourfavorite…..?11startdoingsth.你最喜欢的……是什么？开始做某事212.thebestwaytodosth.短语做某事的最好方式helpwithhouseworkonweekendsgoshoppinghowoftenhardlyeveronceaweekgotothemoviesusetheInternethavedanceandpianolessonsplaytennistwiceamontheverydaybefreeswingdancestayuplateatleastgotobedearlybegoodforplaysportsgocampingnot….atallinone’sfreetimethemostpopulargotothedentistoldhabitsthehard词语辨析：suchasmorethanlessthan1.howoften多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice,threetimes等词语。Howoftendoyouplaysports?Threetimesaweek.howlong多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。HowlongdoesittaketogettoShanghaifromhere?Howlongistheruler?howfor多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。Howfarisitfromheretothepark?It’sabout2kilometers.2.free空闲的，有空的，反义词为busy.befree有空，闲着，相当于havetime.I’llbefreenextweek.=I’llhavetimenextweek.还可作“免费的、自由的”解。befreetodosth.自由地做某事。Theticketsarefree.You’refreetogoortostay.3.Howcome？怎么会？怎么回事可单独使用，也可？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；引导一个问句，相当于疑问句why,但howcome开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。3HowcomeTomdidn’tcometotheparty?=Whydidn’tTomcometotheparty?4.stayuplate指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。Don’tstayuplatenexttime.stayup指“熬夜，不睡觉”。Hestayedupallnighttowritehisstory.5.gotobed强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。Iwenttobedatelevenlastnight.gotosleep强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。Shewassotiredthatshewenttosleepsoon.6.find+宾语find+宾语find+宾语+现在分词，发现：7.percent百分数，基数词+percent：percent没有复数形式，作主语时，Fortypercentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.Thirtypercentoftimepassed.8.morethan超过，多于，不仅仅，相当于over.在句型转换中考查两者的+名词,发现：Wehavefoundhim(tobe)agoodboy.+形容词，发现：Hefoundtheroomdirty.Ifoundherstandingatthedoor.根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。同义替换。反义词组为：lessthan.IlivedinShanghaiformorethan/overtenyears.9.beafraidofsb/sth害怕某人/某事；beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事。Somechildrenareafraidofthedark.Don’tbeafraidofaskingquestion.I’mafraid+从句，恐怕，担心：I’mafraidIhavetogonow.10.sometimes,sometime,sometimes,sometime的区别：sometimes频度副词，有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。SometimesIgetupveryearly.------Howoftendoyougetup?sometime副词，某候。表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或疑问词when.个时将来时，对它用IwillgotoShanghaisometimenextweek.------WhenwillyougotoShanghainextweek?sometimes名词词组，倍。其中time是可数名词，对它提问用howmanytimes.Ihavereadthestorysometimes.-------Howmanytimeshaveyoureadthestory?4sometime名词短语，一段时间.表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时howlongUnit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister短语归纳：1.moreoutgoing3.thesingingcompetition5.betalentedinmusic7.careabout2.as...as...4.themostimportant6.thesameas8.bedifferentfrom10.aslongas9.belikeamirror11.bringout12.getbettergrade14.touchone’sheart16.makefriends18.theother13.reachfor15.infact17.begoodat19.besimilarto20.begoodwith短语用法：1.havefundoingsth.2.wanttodosth.3.as+形容词或副词的原级+as4.begoodatdoingsth5.makesb.Dosth.享受做某事的乐趣想要做某事与…一样…擅长做某事让某人做某事6.It’s+形容词+forsb.Todosth..对某人来说，做某事是……的语法知识：IsTomsmarterthanSam?No,heisn’t.SamissmarterthanTom.IsTaramoreoutgoingthanTina?No,sheisn’t.TinaismoreoutgoingthanTara.Areyouafriendlyasyoursister?DoesTaraworkashardasTina?Who’smorehardworkingatschool?语法讲解：No,I’mnot.I’mfriendlier.Yes,shedoes.Tinathinkssheworksharderthanme.形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比5较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1．规则变化少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级单音节词和。构成法tall（高的）tallertallest一般单音节词末尾加-er，-estgreat（巨大greatergreatest的）以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少nice（好的large（大的）nicernicest数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-st）largerlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单big（大的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest音节词，双写结尾的辅hot（热的）音字母，再加-er，-est“以辅音字母+y”结尾的改y为i，再加-er，-est双音节词，easy（容易的）easiereasiestbusiestbusy（忙的）busierclever（聪明少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末cleverercleverest的）尾加-er，-estnarrowernarrowestnarrow（窄的）important（重其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面moremost要的）加more，most来构成比较级和最importantimportanteasily（容易高级moreeasilymosteasily地）2．不规则变化原级比较级最高级good（好的的）bad（坏的old（老的much/many（多的）well（健康betterbest）ill（有病的）worseolder/eldermoreworstoldest/eldestmost））6little（少的）far（远的）lessleastfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.5.Whosepencil-boxis__________(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.6.Mary’shairisas__________(long)asLucy’s.7.Ben______(jump)________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.8.______Nancysing__________(well)thanHelen?Yes,she____9.Fangfangisnotas_________(tall)astheothergirls.Unit4What’sthebestmovietheater句型：1.Ithasthebiggestscreens.2.TheDJschoosesongsthemostcarefuuly.3.Howdoyoulikeitsofar?到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？4.Thanksforgettellingme.5.CanIaskyousomequestions?短语：sofar到目前为止，迄今为止noproblem没什么，别客气have….incommon有相同特征（想法beupto是….的职责、兴趣等方面）相同allkindsof…..各种各样的……playarole发挥作用，有影响故事、谎言等）forexamplemakeup编造（例如take…..seriouslycloseto离….近常用法：认真对待noteverybody并不是每个人moreandmore越来越……CanIaskyousome…….Howdoyoulike…….你认为……怎么样Thanksfprdoingsth.7Whatdoyouthinkof……..much+形容词或副词比较级…….得多watchsbdosth观看某人做某事playaroleindoingsth.发挥做某事的作用oneof+可数名词复数…..之一……练习，用括号里的词的适当形式填空。1.Wewenttothe__________(bad)restaurantintownlastnight.Themenuhadonly10dishesandtheservicewasnotgoodatall.2.BlueMoonis______________(good),butMiler’sis_____________(good)intown.3.TheBigScreenis_________________(expensive)thanmostcinemas,butCinemaCityis____________(expensive).4.MovieCityhasthe__________(bad)service,butwecansitthe_______________(comfortably)there.5.JohnnyDepactedthe_________________(good)inthatmovie.He’smuch____________(good)thanotheractorsatfindingthe________________(interesting)role.Unit5Doyouwanttowatchagameshow?常用法：letsb.dosth.plantodosth.hopetodosth.happentodosth.expecttodosth.Howaboutdoing……tryone’sbesttodosth.bereadytodosth.语法：Doyouwanttowatchthenews?Whatcanyouplantowatchtonight?Whatdoyouexpecttolearnfromsitcoms?Whydoyoulikewatchingthenews?goingonaroundtheworld.Whatdoyouthinkoftalkshows?them!/IlovewatchingthemYes,Ido./No,Idon’t.IplantowatchDaysofOurPast.Youcanlearnsomegreatjokes.BecauseIhopetofindoutwhat’sIdon’tmindthem./Ican’tstand81.theother,theothers,other,others,another辨析theother表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个……另一个……时，常用one…theother…。例：Hehastwobrothers,oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.Therearefortystudentsinourclass.twenty-onearegirls,theothernineteenareboys.theothers特指当于theother+复数名词Youtwostayhere,theothersgowithme.某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是theother的复数形式，相。theother+复数名词=anyother+名词单数。例：I’mdifferentfromJeffbecauseI’mlouderthantheotherkids(anyotherkid)inmyclass.other作代词或WelearnChinese,Maths,Englishandothersubjects.others作代词，“其他的物”。例：Somestudentsaredoinghomework,othersaretalkingloudly.another泛指“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：Idon’tlikethisone.Pleaseshowmeanotherone.3.findout查明，弄清楚，find找到PleasefindoutwhenMrsGreenwillgotoBeijing.4.goon发生，与takeplace同义形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：泛指人或同类事物中的三者或三者以上的Iwonderwhatwasgoingon.翻译：隔壁发生了什么？？happenv.发生，一Sth+happenstosb.Atrafficaccidenthappenedtohiselderbrotheryesterday.Sth+happens+地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事AnaccidenthappenedonParkStreet.happenv，表示“碰巧”，主语可后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧……”.Sb+happenstodosth.Ihappenedtoseemyuncleonthestreet.*takeplace意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。以是人，般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这9

种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextFriday.expectv.期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：1)expect+名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计……可能发生。I’mexpectingLiLin’sletter.2)expecttodosth.预计做某事Lilyexpectstocomebacknextweek.3)expectsb.todosth.Iexpectmymothertocomebackearly.4)expect+从句预计……IexpectedthatI’llcomebacknextMonday.7.seriousa.严肃的，认真的。Heisaseriousman.beseriousaboutsb/sth.对某人/某事当真PeterisseriousaboutJenny.Hewantstogetmarriedtoher.beseriousaboutdoingsth.对某事当真____He’sseriousaboutsellinghishouse.Unit6I’mgoingtostudycomputerscience短语：growupeverydaybesureaboutmakesuresend…to…beabletoincommontakeupthemeaningofatthebeginningofhardlyeverdifferentkindswritedownthemeaningofhavetodowithtoo…to…短语用法：wanttodosth.begoingto+动词原形keepondoingsth.finishdoingsthpracticedoingsth.learntodomisetodosth.remembertodosth.lovetodosth.helpsb.todosth.agreetodosth.begoingto的用法begoingto+动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的10

tomorrow,nextyear等时间状语或when引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be动词完成，be随主语有am,is,are的变换，goingto后接动词原形。肯定句：主语+begoingto+动词原形+其他。Heisgoingtotakethebusthere.否定句：主语+benotgoingto+动词原形+其他I’mnotgoingtoseemyfriendsthisweekend.一般疑问句：Be+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他肯定回答：Yes,主语+be.否定回答：No,主语+benot.Areyougoingtoseeyourfriendsthisweekend?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语Whatishegoingtodothisweekend?Whenareyougoingtoseeyourfriends?①对未来事情的“will+动词原形”表达，will没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will后面加not,也可用will后面加not,或者缩略式won’t,变将will提至句首。Willplanesbelargeinthefuture?②will常表示说话人相信或常表示事情很快就要发生。IbelieveLucywillbeagreatdoctor.③陈述将来的某个事实用will.Iwilltenyearsoldnextyear.+goingto+动词原形+其他？预测用一般疑问句Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.而begoingto指某事肯定希望要发生的事情，发生，④表示现在巨大将来要做的I’mtiredIwillgotobed.⑤表示意愿用will.事情用will.I’lltellyouthetruth.⑥表示计划、打算要做的事情用begoingto,而不用will.语法：Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?Iwanttobeanengineer.Howareyougoingtodothat?Whereareyougoingtowork?Whenareyougoingtostart?andcollege.I’mgoingtostudymathreallyhard.I’mgoingtomovetoShanghai.I’mgoingtostartwhenIfinishhighschool11

Lilyisadishonestgirl.Sheneverkeepsapromise.Unit7Willpeoplehaverobots?短语：oncomputersindangeronpaperlivetobe200yearsoldplayapartinsthinthefuturefreetimespacestationhundredsofwakeupontheearthlookforcomputerprogrammerthesame…asoverandoveragaingetboredlooklikefalldown用法：will+动词原形将要做fewer/more+可数名词复数更少less/more+不可数名词更少/更多trytodosth.尽力做某事havetodosth不得不做某事agreewithsb.such+名词（词组）如此playapartindoingsth参与做某事makesbdosth让某人做某事helpsbwithsthTherewillbe+主语+其他将会有….Thereis/are+sb.+doingsth有…正在做Itis+形容词/更多…同意某人的意见帮助某人做某事…+forsb+todosth做某事对某人来说…的语法：Whatwillthefuturebelike?befewertrees.Citieswillbemorepolluted.AndtherewillWillpeopleusemoneyin100years?No,theywon’t.Everythingwillbefree.Willtherebeworldpeace?Kidswillstuffyathomeoncomputers.CountablenounsYes,Ihopeso.Theywon’tgotoschool.UncountablenounsTherewillbemorepeople.Therewillbefewertrees.Therewillbemorepollution.Therewillbelessfreetime.用more,less,fewer填空。Inthefuture,therewillbe________freshwaterbecausetherewillbe_______pollutioninthesea.In100years,therewillbe______carsbecausetherewillbe_______peopleinthe12

cities.Therewillbe________jobforpeoplebecause________robotswilldothesamejobsaspeople.Ithinktherewillbe________citiesbecausepeoplewillbuild________buildingsinthecountry.In50years,peoplewillhave_______freetimebecausetherewillbe________thingstodo.词语辨析：2.ontheearth在地球上，作地点状语，位于句首或句末。onearth究竟，到底。用于疑问句或副词后，加强语气。Allthelivingthingsontheearthdependonthesun./Whatonearthdoyoumean?3.human,指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人类”，有别于动物，自然景物，机器等的特殊群体，也可指具体的人。person,无性别之分，常用于数目不太大，而且数目比较精确的场合。people,泛指“人们”，表示复数概念。man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时，指“男人”，aman可指“一个人/一个男人”，复数形式为men.Hewastheonlyhumanontheisland.Thereareonlythreepersonsintheroom.Therearemanypeoplethere.Manisstrongerthanwoman.一般将来时结构：肯定式：主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他will用于各种人称，shall用于第一人称。主语+begoingto+动词原形+其他be随人称、数和时间的变化而变换。will/shall/be后面加not.willnot=won’t.will/shall/be提到主语前Therebe句型的一般将来时：Therewillbe+主语+其他，be+主语+其他。否定式：在一般疑问句：将面。意为：将会有。一般疑问句形式为：Willthere13

肯定回答是：Yes,therewill.否定回答是：No,therewon’t.否定形式是：Therewon’tbe+主语+其他，将不会有……:疑问词/词组+一般疑问句？Whenwilltherebeanicebasketballmatch?特殊疑问句是Unit8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?短语：milkshaketurnononSaturdaycutupatthistimeafewalongtimepourintoputintoacupofyogurtonemorethingcover…with…agoodideaapieceoffill…with…onebyone短语用法：Howmany+可数名词复数Howmuch+不可数名词letsb.+dosth.want+todosth.forget+todosth.how+todosth.by+doingsth.Therearemanyreasons一段时间+agoneed+todosth.make+宾语+形容词It’stime(forsb)+todosthFirst…Next…Then…Finally…句型：Turnontheblender.bananamilkshake?HowdoyoumakeaHowmuchyogurtdoHowmanybananasdoweneed?weneed?Now,it’stimetoenjoythericenoodles!语法：Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?First,peelthebanana.Next,putthebananaintheblender.Then,pourthemilkintotheblender.Finally,turnontheblender.CountablenounsHowmanybananasdoweneed?Weneedthreebananas.UncountablenounsHowmuchyogurtdoweneed?Weneedonecupofyogurt.主谓一致判断法：不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。14

动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso..连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。在here,there开头的倒装句中，谓语动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致。词语辨析：turnon打开，接通（电源，气，水），反义词是turnoff.turnup/turndown调高/低音量。pour…into…将…倒入/灌入…into是：进入…in是：在…内。在put,throw,break,lay,fall等动词之后，既可用in，也可用into。但in可作副词，into不能。Heputallthebooksin/intothebag.4.onemorething=anotheronethingComein!基数词+more+名词=another+基数词+名词5.fillwith用…填充…befilledwith=befullof充满….Theboyfilledthebottlewithsand.6.cover…with…用…把…覆盖covern.封面，盖子。/Thebagwasfullofclothes.becoveredwith被…所覆盖。Anncoveredherfacewithherhands./Thecoverofthemagazineisnice.7.It’stime(forsb)todosth.到某人做某事的时候了。It’stimeforsth.到做某事的时候了。Unit9Canyoucometomyparty?短语：onSaturdayafternoonhavethefluhelpmyparentsgotothepartyhavetoprepareforgotothedoctormeetmyfriendanothertimecometothepartytoomuchhomeworkgotothemoviesontheweekendlastfallhangoutafterschoolstudyforatestvisitgrandparentsthedaybeforeyesterdaythedayaftertomorrowhaveapianolessonlookafteracceptaninvitationturndownaninvitationtakeatripattheendofthismonthlookforwardtotheopeningofgototheconcertreplyinwritinggoshoppingdohomeworknot…until15

短语用法：invitesb.todosth.语+谓语）！helpsb.(to)dosth语+谓语）！besadtodosth.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数（+主What+形容词+名词复数/不可数名词（+主seesbtodosth/seesbdoingsthhaveasurprisepartyforsbreplytosth/sb.thebestwaytodosth.lookforwardtodoingsth.What’stoday?What’sthedatetoday?Whatdayisittoday?句型：CanyoucometomypartyonSaturdayafternoon?Sure,I’dloveto./Sorry，Ican’t.Ihavetoprepareforanexam.语法：CanyoucometomypartyonSaturday?foramathtest.Sure,I’dloveto./Sorry,ImuststudyCanyougotothemovietomorrownot.Ihavetheflu.Sure.Thatsoundgreat./I’mafraidCanhegototheparty?No,hecan’t.Hehastohelphisparents.Canshegotothebaseballgame?No,she’snotavailable.Shemustgotothedoctor.Cantheygotothemovie?theirfriends.No,they’renotfree.Theymighthavetomeet词语辨析：prepare意为后也可接双宾语，还可接不定