生理学英文词汇

第一章绪论生理学 physiology内环境 internalenvironment神经调节 nervousregulation体液调节 humoralregulation旁分泌 paracrine自身调节 autoregulation正反馈 positivefeedback

组织液 interstitialfluid稳态 homeostasis反射弧 reflexarc激素 hormone神经分泌 neurosecretion,neurocrine负反馈 negativefeedback前馈 feed-forward第二章细胞的基本功能单扩散 smedfin 易化扩散失活 inactivation 主动转运钠-钾泵 sodium-potassiumpump 出胞入胞 endocytosis 化学门控通道

facilitateddiffusionactivetransportexocytosischemicallygatedchannel跨膜信号转导 transmembranesignaltransduction电压门控通道 voltage-gatedchannel 促离子型受体 ionotrpicreceptor鸟苷酸结合蛋,-白guieno-igpi,Gtn环腺苷 cennenot,cP第使 sndsgr 磷脂酶C三醇 iiltha,P3 二酰甘油

phospholipaseCdiacylglycerol,DG-体ndr体teer

促代谢型受体 metabotropicreceptor一氧化氮 nitricoxide,NO性刺激阈值动作电位超极化复极化锋电位膜片钳相对不应期局部兴奋时间性总和跳跃式传导终板电位胆碱酯酶滑行理论等长收缩完全强直收缩后负荷长度-张力曲线

excitabilitystimulusthresholdactionpotentialhyperpolarizationrepolarizationspikepotentialpatchclamprelativerefractoryperiodlocalexcitationtemporalsummationsaltatoryconductionend-platepotentialcholinesteraseslidingtheoryisometriccontractioncompletetetanusafterloadlength-tensioncurve

兴奋阈强度静息电位极化去极(除极)超射全或现象绝对不应期阈电位电紧张性扩布空间性总和量子式释放乙酰胆碱兴奋-收缩耦联等张收缩单收缩前负荷初长度(肌肉)收缩能力

excitationthresholdintensityrestingpotentialpolarizationdepolarizationovershoot(potential)allornone”phenomenonabsoluterefractoryperiodthreshold(membrane)potentialelectrotonicpropagationspatialsummationquantalreleaseacetylcholine,AChexcitation-contractioncouplingisotoniccontractionsingletwitchpreloadinitiallengthcontractility(ofmuscle)张力-速度(关系)曲线 forcevelocity(relation)curve钙调蛋白 calmodulin,CaM第三章血液血浆 plasma 血细胞比容粘滞性 晶体渗透压胶体渗透压 colloidosmoticpressure 渗透脆性造血微环境 hemopoieticmicroenvironment悬浮稳定性

hematocritosmoticpressureosmoticsuspension红细胞沉降率 sedimentationrate,ESR内因子 intrinsicfactor 爆式促进因子 burstpromotingactvator,BPA素EPO 肝素 heparin集落刺激因子 stimulatingfactor,CSF 生理性止血血小板粘附 adhesion 血小板聚集

physiologicahemostasisthrombocytaggregation2血栓烷2(血栓素2) 2,TX2 前列环素 prostacyclinPGI2血液凝固 bloodcoagulation凝血因子 bloodclottingfactor外源性凝血 coagulation

血清 serum内源性凝血 intrnsiccoaglatin凝血酶 throbin纤维蛋白溶解系统 纤维蛋白解酶原(纤溶酶原) plasinogn组织因子途抑制物tissuefacorinhiitor,TFPI纤溶酶(血浆素)(红细胞)凝集凝集素交叉配血试验

plasminagglutinationagglutinincross-matchtest

血型 bloodgroup凝集原 agglutinogen人白细胞抗原 humanleukocytantigen,HLA成分输血 transfusionofbloodcomponents第四章血液循环心动周期心室舒张期快速射血期心音每搏输出(搏出)心输出量

cardiac 心房收缩期ventriculardiastole 等容收缩期rapidejectionperiod 减慢充盈期cardiacsound 心音图strokevolumeoutput 射血分数cardiacoutput 心指数

atrialsystolisovolumicsystolreducedfillingperiodphonocardiogramejectionfractioncardiacinde心脏作功(量)心力储备传导性有效不应期代偿间歇起搏点异位心律超速驱动压抑心电图

myocardialworkcardiacreserveconductivityeffectiverefractoryperiodcompensatorypausepacemakerectopicrhythmoverdrivesuppressionelectrocardiogram,ECG

心室功能曲线自动节律性(自律性)平台(期)期前收缩起搏离子流窦性心律抢先占领房-室延搁弹性储器血管

ventricularfunctioncurveautorhythmicityplateauprematuresystolepacemakercurrent(normal)sinusrhythmcapture,preoccupationatrioventriculardelaywindkesselvessel阻力血管 resistantvessel 毛细血管前阻力血管precapillaryresistantvessel容量血管 capacitancevessel 短路血管血流量 bloodflow 血压血流速度 velocityofbloodflow 外周阻力

shuntvesselbloodpressureperipheralresistance顺应性 compliance 循环系统平均充盈meancirculatoryfillingpressure收缩压脉搏压(脉压)中心静脉压微循环直捷通路迂回通路重吸收

systolicpressurepulsepressurecentralvenouspressuremicrocirculationthoroughfarechannelcircuitouschannelreabsorption

舒张压动脉脉搏静脉回心血量毛细血管前括约肌动-静脉短路滤过有效滤过压

diastolicpressurearterialpulsevenousreturnprecapillarysphincterarteriovenousshuntfiltrationeffctivefiltrationpressure,EFP缩血管神经纤维asoconstrictorfiber 舒血管神经纤asodilatorfiber心血管中枢 cardiovascularcenter 压力感受性反baroreceptorreflex压力感受器 baroreceptor 缓冲神经心肺感受器 cardiopulmonaryreceptor 容量感受器化学感受器 chemoreceptor 防御反应

buffernervevolumereceptordefencereaction脑内渗透压感受器brainosmoreceptor 肾-血管紧张素系renin-angiotensinsystem血管紧张素转换酶肾上腺素去甲肾上腺素

angiotensin-convertingenzyme,ACEepinephrine,E,oradrenalone,Anorepinephrine,NE,ornoradrenalone,NA血管升压(抗利尿激) vasopressin,VP(antidiuretichormone,ADH)血管活性肠肽 vasoactiveintestinalpolypeptide,VIP内皮舒张因子 endothelium-derivedrelaxingfactor,EDRF内皮缩血管因子endothelium-derivedvasoconstrictorfactor,EDRF激肽释放-激肽系统kallikrein-kininsystem 缓激肽 bradykinin血管舒张素 kalidin前列腺素 prostaglandin,PG冠脉循环 coronarycirculation血-脑屏障 blood-brainbarrier,BBB

心房钠尿肽组胺腺苷血-脑脊液屏障

atrialnatriureticpeptide,ANPhistamineadenosineblood-cerebrospinalfluidbarrier第五章呼吸呼吸 respiration 肺通气吸气 inspiration 呼气腹式呼吸 abdominalbreathing 胸式呼吸

pulmonarventilationexpiratiothoracicbreathing平静呼吸 eupn(o)ea,orquietbreathin力呼吸 forcedbreathing呼吸困难 dysp(o)ne气胸 pneumothora

肺内压 intrapulmonarpressure胸膜腔内压 intrapleuralpressure比顺应性 specificcompliance 肺表面活性物ulmonarsurfactant气道阻力 airwaresistance 潮气量 tidalvolume,TV补吸气(吸气储备)补呼气(呼气储备)功能残气(功能余气)

inspiratorreservevolume,IRVexspiratorreservevolume,ERVfunctionalresidualFRC残气(余气)肺活量时间肺活量肺总量解剖无效腔肺泡通气量气体扩散速率氧合氧含量

residualvolume,RVvitalVCtimedvitaltotallungTLCanatomicaldeadspacealveolarventilationdiffusionrateofgasoxygenatiooxygecontent

深吸气量用力肺活量用力呼气量每分通气量肺泡无效腔气体交换通/血流比值氧容量氧饱和度

inspiratorcapacityICforcedvitalcapacityFVCforcedexpiratorvolume,FEVminuteventilationvolumealveolardeadspacegasexchangventilation/perfusionratiooxygecapacitoxygesaturation氧解离曲线 oxygedissociationcurve呼吸调整中枢 pneumotaxicenter肺牵张反射 pulmonarstretchrefle 吸气切断机制 inspiratoroff-switchmechanism第六章消化和吸收消化digestion吸收absorption基本电节律basicelectricalrhythmBR波slowwave粘膜下神经丛 submucosalplexu 肌间神经丛胃肠激素 gastrointestinalhormone 胃泌素胆囊收缩素 cholecystokininCCK 胰泌素

myenteriplexugastrinsecretin抑胃肽 gastricinhibitorpolypeptid养作 trophicaction唾液胃液胃蛋白酶原粘液-碳酸氢盐屏障假饲

saliva 蠕动gastricjuice 盐酸pepsinogen 胃蛋白酶mucus-bicarbonatebarrier 生长抑素sham-feeding 蛙皮素

peristalsishydrochloriacidpepsinsomatostatinbombesin胃泌素释放肽 gastrin-releasingpeptide,P胃素 enterogastrone肠-胃反射 entero-gastricrefle胃排空 gastricemptyin胰液 pancreaticjuice胰脂肪酶 lipase胰蛋白酶 trypsi糜蛋白酶 胆汁 bile,orgall

容受性舒张迷-迷走反射胰淀粉酶胰蛋白酶原糜蛋白酶原肠致活酶胆盐

receptiverelaxatiovago-vagalreflepancreaticamylastrypsinogechymotrypsinogeenterokinasebilesalt胆盐的肠肝循环enterohepaticcirculationofbilesalt排便 defection 分节运动 segmentationcontraction第七章能量代谢和体温能代谢 eeymalsm 氧债食的价 tealuaetfod 呼吸商

oxygendebtrespiratoryquotient,RQ氧热(氧卡) thermalequivalentofoxygen(caloricvalueofoxygen)食物特殊动力效应specificdynamiceffectoffo代谢率 basalmetabolismrate,BMR体温生物节律战栗产热寒冷性肌紧张辐射散热对流散热不感蒸发(不显汗)体温调节热敏神经元

bodytemperature 昼夜节律biorhythm 生物钟shiveringthermogenesis 产热thermalmuscletone 散热thermalradiation 传导散热thermalconvection 蒸(散)insensibleperspiration 发汗regulationofbodytemperature 调定点warm-sensitiveneuron 冷敏神经元

circadianrhythmbiologicclockheatproduction,orthermogenesisthermolysis,orbodyheatlossthermalconductionevaporationperspiration,orsweatingsetpointcold-sensitiveneuron视前-下丘脑前部致热源

preoptic-anteriorhypothylamusarea,POAHpyrogen第八章尿的生成和排出尿成球器(近球小体)肾流量肾球率滤平衡分泌尿的浓缩渗透性利尿

uieoaon 尿排出jxgorarpaus 致密斑rnlldlw 管-球反馈gorlrlrina,GR 滤过分数flainubrm 肾血浆流量secretion 肾糖阈urineconcentration 尿的稀释osmoticdiuresis 球-管平衡

urineexcretionmaculadensatubuloglomerularfeedbackfiltrationfractionrenalplasmaflowrenalglucosethresholdurinedilutionglomerulotubularbalance定比重吸收 constantfractionreabsorptio漏 backleak内(内) internalization醛固酮aldosterone菊(菊) inulin

水利尿 waterdiuresis清除率 clearance排尿 micturition第九章感觉器官的功能感器官适刺激发器位编码(作用)视觉视敏(视)近点

snernaeaetuusgnaorpetlecigvisionvisualacuitynearpoint

感受器 receptor换能作用 transducerfunction感受器电位 receptorpotential适应 adaptation简化眼 reducedeye(眼)调节 accommodation(oftheeye)瞳孔近反射 pupillarynearreflex眼球会聚 convergenceoftheeyeball瞳孔对光反射 pupillarylightreflex视杆细胞晚光觉系统视锥系统视紫红质视黄醛暗适应视野气传导螺旋(柯蒂)

rod 视杆统nightlightperceptivesystem 视锥胞conesystem 昼光觉系统rhodopsin 视蛋白retinene 传递蛋白darkadaptation 明适应visualfield 听觉airconduction 骨传导Corti’sorgn 行波理论

rodsstmconedaylightperceptivesystemopsintransducinlightadaptationauditionboneconductiontravellingwavetheory(耳)微音器电位(cochlear)microphonicpotential前庭自主神经性反应vestibularautonervousreaction平衡感觉 quilibriumsensation 眼震颤 nystagmus嗅觉 olfactorysensation,orsmll觉 gustatorysensation,ortaste皮肤感觉 cutaneoussensation 触-压觉温度觉 temperaturesensation 痛觉

touchandpressuresensationpain第十章神经系统的功能神冲动 nremle 神营因子neuorhn,NT顺轴输逆轴输兴性后位抑性后位

atorenoaicasrtrtgaeolmcrsotecaoyssaictna,PPihioyssaictna,PP突后制ptnpciiton突前制ryaicihion突前化psatcalain传支制afrntcltalihiin回性制 rcrntiiion 可性强后强 pseacoeiin 习化敏化 sntzaon 长程强长程制 lntrmdrso,TD 突延搁

paiiyhbutnlntrmpettn,Psntcey非触学递no-npccmalamson电触递 eerclnpcrnisn 局回经元loalrutuo,N局神回路locleoalcci,C 串性触 srlsae交性触 rcrclnpe 神递质神调质 numdar 调作用递共存 ceseeftnits 突前体同脱敏 hmoossntaon 异脱敏胆能维 conrcier 胆能体毒碱用 msrnleain 毒碱体烟样用 ncieiecon 烟受体

nutamtrmdainpenpceeorhtoousdssitnconrceeormsrnccprnciicretr肌型受体sltpenoiceeor 神元碱体nuolteioncepr儿酚胺 cthlie 多胺 dpie,DA肾腺纤维aregcbr 肾腺受体aeeicrctr5-羟色胺 5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HTorserotonin谷氨酸非条件反射辐散状联系后放(后发放)多突触反射

glutamicacid,orglutamate -氨基丁酸unconditionedreflex 条件反射divergenceconnection 聚合状联系afterdischarge 单突触反射polysynapticreflex 特异投射系统

-aminobutyricacid,GABAconditionedreflexconvergenceconnectionmonosynapticreflexspecificprojectionsystem非特异投射系统non-specificprojectionsystem 感觉柱 sensorycolumn网状结构上行激动系统ascendingreticularactivatingsystem本体感觉 peoprioception 牵涉痛皮层诱发电 evokedcorticalpotential 脑电图

referredpainelectroencephalogram,EEG自发脑电活动 spontaneouselectricactivityofthebrain波阻断 alphablocking 行为觉醒脑电觉醒 electroencephalogramarousal 慢波睡眠快波睡眠 fastwavesleep,FWS 异相睡眠快速眼球运动 rapideyemovements,REM 上行抑制系统最后公路 finalcommonpath 牵张反射腱反射 tendonreflex 肌紧张肌梭 musclespindle 梭内肌纤维随意运动 voluntarymovement 运动柱锥体系 pyramidalsystem 锥体外系脊休克 spinalshock 姿势反射屈肌反射 flexorreflex 对侧伸肌反射去大脑僵直 decerebraterigidity 状态反射翻正反射 rightingreflex 震颤麻痹静止性震颤 statictremor 舞蹈病

behavioralarousalslowwavesleep,SWSparadoxicalsleep,PSascendinginhibitorysystemstretchreflexmuscletonusintrafusalfibermotorcolumnextrapyramidalsystemposturalreflexcrossedextensorreflexattitudinalreflexparalysisagitanschorea意向性震颤 intentiontremor 小脑性共济失erebellarataxia交感神经 sympatheticnerve 副交感神经 parasympatheticnerve下丘脑调节肽 hypothalamusregulatorypeptide,HRP边缘系统 limbicsystem情绪反应 emotionalreaction饱中枢 satietycenter假怒 shamrage奖赏系统 rewardsystem惩罚系统 punishmentsystem动机 motivation

本能行为摄食中枢格斗-逃避反应防御反应区趋向系统回避系统强化

instinctualbehaviorfeedingcenterfight-flightreactiondefensezoneapproachsystemavoidancesystemreinforcement操作式条件反operateconditionedreflex 短时性记忆 shorttermmemory长时性记忆 longtermmemory失写症 agraphia失读症 alexia失用症 apraxia

运动失语症 motoraphasia感觉失语症 sensoryaphasia一侧优势 lateralitycerebraldominance裂脑 splitbrain第十一章内分泌内分泌自分泌允许作用增量调节(上调)

endocrineautocrinepermissiveactionupregulation

远距分泌神经激素亲和力减量