大学一年级下学期-Unit4-passage-english-a

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<B>The<1>Statue</1>of<2>Liberty</2></B>

Inthemid-1870s,FrenchartistFredericAugusteBartholdiwasworkingonanenormousprojectcalledLiberty<3>Enlightening</3>theWorld,a<4>monument</4>celebratingUS<5>independence</5>andtheFrance-America<6>alliance</6>.

Atthesametime,hewasinlovewithawomanwhomhehadmetinCanada.<P1>Hismothercouldnot<7>approve</7>ofherson's<8>affection</8>forawomanshehadnevermet,butBartholdiwentaheadandmarriedhislovein1876.

ThatsameyearBartholdihad<9>assembled</9>thestatue'srightarmand<10>torch</10>,anddisplayedtheminPhiladelphia.

Itissaidthathehadusedhiswife'sarmasthemodel,butfeltherfacewastoobeautifulforthestatue.

<P2>Heneededsomeonewhosefacerepresentedsufferingyetstrength,someonemoreseverethanbeautiful.

Hechosehismother.

<P3>TheStatueofLibertywas<11>dedicated</11>onanislandinUpperNewYork<12>Bay</12>in1886.

Ithadhismother'sfaceandhiswife'sbody,butBartholdicalledit"mydaughter,Liberty".

<B>Barbie</B>

BeforeallthedifferenttypesofBarbiedollsforsalenow,therewasjustasingleBarbie.

Actually,hernamewasBarbara.

BarbaraHandlerwasthedaughterofElliotandRuthHandler,<13>co-founders</13>oftheMattelToypany.

RuthcameupwiththeideaforBarbieafterwatchingherdaughterplaywithpaperdolls.

The<14>three-dimensional</14>modelforBarbiewasaGermandoll¡ªajokegiftforadultsdescribedashavingtheappearanceof"awomanwhosoldsex".

Mattel<15>refashioned</15>thedollintoadecent,all-American¡ªalthoughwithan<16>exaggerated</16><17>breast</17>size¡ª<18>version</18>andnameditafterBarbara,whowasthenateenager.

<P4>Sinceherintroductionin1959,Barbiehasbeethe<20>universally</20>recognizedQueenoftheDolls.

MattelsaystheaverageAmericangirlownstenBarbiedolls,andtwoaresoldsomewhereintheworldeverysecond.

Nowmorethansixtyyearsold,Barbara¡ªwhodeclinesinterviewsbutissaidtohavelovedthedoll¡ªmaybethemostfamousunknownfigureonthe<21>pla</21>.

Barbie'sboyfriend,Ken,wasintroducedin1961andnamedafterBarbara'sbrother.

TherealKen,whodiedin1994,wasdisgustedbythedollthatmadehisfamilyfamous.

"Idon'twantmychildrentoplaywithit,"hesaidin1993.

<B><em>AmericanGothic</em></B>

<P5>GrantWoodinstantlyroseto<22>fame</22>in1930withhispainting<em>AmericanGothic</em>,anoften-copied<23>interpretation</23>ofthe<24>solemn</24>prideofAmericanfarmers.

Thepaintingshowsaserious-lookingmanandawomanstandinginfrontofafarmhouse.

Hewasstronglyinfluencedby<25>medieval</25>artistsandinspiredbytheGothicwindowofanoldfarmhouse,butthefacesinhispositionwerewhatcapturedtheworld'sattention.

Woodlikedtopaintfacesheknewwell.

Forthe<26>grave</26>farmerheusedhis<27>dentist</27>,asour-lookingman.

Forthewomanstanding<28>alongside</28>him,theartistchosehissister,Nan.

<P6>Hestretchedthemodels'necksabit,buttherewasnodoubtwhoposedforthe<29>portrait</29>.

Nanlaterremarkedthatthefameshegainedfrom<em>AmericanGothic</em>savedherfromaveryboringlife.

<B>The<30>Buffalo</30><31>Nickel</31></B>

Today,AmericancoinshonorprominentfiguresoftheUSgovernment¡ªmostlyfamousformerpresidents.

<P7>ButtheBuffalonickel,producedfrom1913to1938,honoredapairofconnected<32>tragedies</32>fromthe<33>settlement</33>oftheAmerican<34>frontier</34>¡ªthe<35>destruction</35>ofthebuffalo<36>herds</36>andtheAmericanIndians.

WhilewhitepeoplehadpreviouslybeenusedasmodelsformostAmericancoins,famedartistJamesEarleFraserwentagainsttraditionbyusingthreeactualAmericanIndiansasmodelsforhiscreation.

<P8>Forthebuffaloontheotherside,sincebuffalonolongerwanderedaboutthegreatgrasslands,FraserwasforcedtosketchanagingbuffalofromNewYorkCity'sCentralParkZoo.

Twoyearslater,in1915,thisanimalwassoldfor$100andkilledformeat,ahide,andawall<37>decoration</37>madefromits<38>horns</38>.

<B>UncleSam</B>

Fourteen-year-oldSamWilsonranawayfromhometojoinhisfatherandolderbrothersinthefightto<39>liberate</39>theAmerican<40>colonies</40>fromtheBritishduringtheAmericanRevolution.

Atage23,hestarteda<41>meat-packing</41>businessandearneda<42>reputation</42>forbeinghonestandhard-working.

Duringalaterwarin1812,Wilsongainedaposition<43>inspecting</43>meatforUSArmyforces,workingwithamanwhohadsigneda<44>contract</44>withthegovernmenttoprovidemeattothearmy.

<P9>Barrelsofmeatsuppliedtothearmywerestamped"EA-US",identifyingthepany(EA)andthecountryof<45>origin</45>(US).

Accordingtoonestory,whenagovernmentofficialvisitedtheplantandaskedabouttheletters,acreativeemployeetoldhim"US"wasshortfor"UncleSam"Wilson.

SoonsoldiersweresayingallArmysupplieswerefrom"UncleSam".

Afterthewar,acharactercalledUncleSambeganappearinginpoliticalcartoons,hisform<46>evolving</46>fromanearliercartooncharactercalledBrotherJonathanthatwaspopularduringtheAmericanRevolution.

UncleSamsoonreplacedBrotherJonathanasAmerican'smostpopularsymbol.

ThemostenduringportraitofUncleSamwascrea